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美国反托拉斯法目标多重性形成原因的历史探讨 被引量:8
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作者 韩铁 《史学月刊》 CSSCI 北大核心 2004年第6期83-94,共12页
历史表明 ,美国反托拉斯法从一开始就不是像罗伯特·博克所说的只有一个目标 ,即消费者利益的最大化或者说经济效率。不同的利益集团和不同地区的代表在第 5 1届国会上的较量就决定了谢尔曼反托拉斯法在目标上的多重性。共和主义的... 历史表明 ,美国反托拉斯法从一开始就不是像罗伯特·博克所说的只有一个目标 ,即消费者利益的最大化或者说经济效率。不同的利益集团和不同地区的代表在第 5 1届国会上的较量就决定了谢尔曼反托拉斯法在目标上的多重性。共和主义的权力均衡理念、自由主义的产权观、古典经济学的契约自由和新古典经济学的市场价格学说也对这种多重性产生了重大影响。在此后一百多年的发展过程中 ,美国反托拉斯法因为整个管制体制的变化而在目标上与时俱进 ,在不同的历史时期有不同的侧重点 ,诸如重整市场、稳定经济、加强社会关注和提高经济效率等等。因此 ,美国反托拉斯法在目标上的多重性从历史的角度来看应该是不争的事实。 展开更多
关键词 美国 反托拉斯法 多重性目标 历史原因
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行政管理专业研究生论文选题目标多重性问题分析
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作者 张晓峰 《黑龙江教育(高教研究与评估)》 2014年第1期4-5,共2页
行政管理专业现实针对性突出的特点意味着行政管理专业研究生在论文选题方向上具有相当大的选择空间和弹性,可以立足学科发展、现实政策需要以及学生实际情况,采取目标多重性选题方式,以满足多方面需要,真正做到学以致用。
关键词 行政管理 研究生论文选题 现实针对性 目标多重性
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APPROACH FOR FUZZY MULTI-ATTRIBUTE DECISION-MAKING WITH FUZZY COMPLEMENTARY PREFERENCE RELATION ON ALTERNATIVES 被引量:2
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作者 周宏安 刘三阳 《Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics》 EI 2007年第1期74-79,共6页
In presented fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making (FMADM) problems, the information about attribute weights is interval numbers and the decision maker (DM) has fuzzy complementary preference relation on alternati... In presented fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making (FMADM) problems, the information about attribute weights is interval numbers and the decision maker (DM) has fuzzy complementary preference relation on alternatives. Firstly, the decision-making information based on the subjective preference information in the form of the fuzzy complementary judgment matrix is uniform by using a translation function. Then an objective programming model is established. Attribute weights are obtained by solving the model, thus the fuzzy overall values of alternatives are derived by using the additive weighting method. Secondly, the ranking approach of alternatives is proposed based on the degree of similarity between the fuzzy positive ideal solution of alternatives (FPISA) and the fuzzy overall values. The method can sufficiently utilize the objective information of alternatives and meet the subjective requirements of the DM as much as possible. It is easy to be operated and implemented on a computer. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the project evaluation in the venture investment. 展开更多
关键词 fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making objective programming WEIGHT similarity degree PRIORITY
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当前事业单位借款核算中存在的问题与对策 被引量:1
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作者 傅浩 《行政事业资产与财务》 2014年第9期11-12,共2页
随着改革的不断深入,事业单位的外部融资也逐渐增多,支持事业单位运转发展的资金来源已逐渐打破了先前国家全额拨款的单一模式,自筹资金、银行贷款等多种性质的资金都成为事业单位开展事业活动的资金来源。尤其是事业单位开展基本建设项... 随着改革的不断深入,事业单位的外部融资也逐渐增多,支持事业单位运转发展的资金来源已逐渐打破了先前国家全额拨款的单一模式,自筹资金、银行贷款等多种性质的资金都成为事业单位开展事业活动的资金来源。尤其是事业单位开展基本建设项目,或者购置价值高昂的固定资产时,因其短期内可支配资金数额的限制,银行贷款成为很多事业单位的重要融资渠道。由于借入资金特殊的双重属性及事业单位会计核算的特点,导致实务中事业单位的借款核算存在同笔支出重复记账的逻辑矛盾。虽然,我国事业单位借款核算工作已经取得了进步和发展,但目前,事业单位借款核算方面仍然存在一些亟待解决的问题。 展开更多
关键词 事业单位 借款核算 目标多重性
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Multi-objective planning model for simultaneous reconfiguration of power distribution network and allocation of renewable energy resources and capacitors with considering uncertainties 被引量:9
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作者 Sajad Najafi Ravadanegh Mohammad Reza Jannati Oskuee Masoumeh Karimi 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第8期1837-1849,共13页
This research develops a comprehensive method to solve a combinatorial problem consisting of distribution system reconfiguration, capacitor allocation, and renewable energy resources sizing and siting simultaneously a... This research develops a comprehensive method to solve a combinatorial problem consisting of distribution system reconfiguration, capacitor allocation, and renewable energy resources sizing and siting simultaneously and to improve power system's accountability and system performance parameters. Due to finding solution which is closer to realistic characteristics, load forecasting, market price errors and the uncertainties related to the variable output power of wind based DG units are put in consideration. This work employs NSGA-II accompanied by the fuzzy set theory to solve the aforementioned multi-objective problem. The proposed scheme finally leads to a solution with a minimum voltage deviation, a maximum voltage stability, lower amount of pollutant and lower cost. The cost includes the installation costs of new equipment, reconfiguration costs, power loss cost, reliability cost, cost of energy purchased from power market, upgrade costs of lines and operation and maintenance costs of DGs. Therefore, the proposed methodology improves power quality, reliability and security in lower costs besides its preserve, with the operational indices of power distribution networks in acceptable level. To validate the proposed methodology's usefulness, it was applied on the IEEE 33-bus distribution system then the outcomes were compared with initial configuration. 展开更多
关键词 optimal reconfiguration renewable energy resources sitting and sizing capacitor allocation electric distribution system uncertainty modeling scenario based-stochastic programming multi-objective genetic algorithm
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应对医疗保健行业的管理两难问题
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作者 徐立国 郑娴婧 富萍萍 《清华管理评论》 2020年第1期90-93,共4页
医疗保健行业是关乎民生的重要领域,其有效的发展是人类健康乃至生命质量提升的重要保障和福祉。但是由于医疗保健行业的目标多重性和人的复杂性,导致了管理上的两难性。本文基于悖论管理的视角,从政府、企业或组织、个体三个层面提出... 医疗保健行业是关乎民生的重要领域,其有效的发展是人类健康乃至生命质量提升的重要保障和福祉。但是由于医疗保健行业的目标多重性和人的复杂性,导致了管理上的两难性。本文基于悖论管理的视角,从政府、企业或组织、个体三个层面提出了相应的应对策略。 展开更多
关键词 应对策略 质量提升 两难问题 医疗保健行业 目标多重性 人类健康 复杂性
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