推广“双向细目表”在初中语文教学中的意义——以《背影》为考查文本的测评分析

“双向细目表”作为一种教学考查目标与内容的列联表,由测量内容和行为技能所构成,是测评学业成就的效能工具性表格,也是从教者应当掌握并熟练使用的专业性测评工具。本文以初中语文名篇《背影》为例,试抛砖引玉,论证“双向细目表”在初中语文教学中使用与推广的深远意义,亦期待有更多的教师能运用此表来辅助日常的教学与命题工作。

New immune multiobjective optimization algorithm and its application in boiler combustion optimization

In order to meet the requirements of combustion optimization for saving energy and reducing pollutant emission simultaneously,an immune cell subsets based multiobjective optimization algorithm（ICSMOA）is proposed.In the ICSMOA,the subset division operator and the immunological tolerance operation are defined.Preference can be easily addressed by using the subset division operator,and the distribution of the solutions can be guaranteed by the immunological tolerance operation.Using the ICSMOA,a group of Pareto optimal solutions can be obtained.However,by the traditional weighting method（WM）,only one solution can be obtained and it cannot be judged as Pareto optimal or not.In contrast to the solutions obtained by the repeatedly performed WM,the simulation results show that most solutions obtained by the ICSMOA are better than the solutions obtained by the WM.In addition,the Pareto front obtained by the ICSMOA is not as uniform as most classical multiobjective optimization algorithms.More optimal solutions which meet the preference set by the decision-maker can be obtained and they are very useful for industrial application.

浅谈如何构建县区级电网价值创造体系

南网公司中长期发展战略的提出,对企业转型升级和管理创新具有重大的指导意义和强大的推动作用。而县区级电网作为企业中长期发展战略实施的桥头堡,是战略目标细化及执行的最前沿阵地,是战略落地的先锋官。构建好灵活、高效、低成本运营、责权清晰的县区级电网价值创造体系,对完成企业使命、提升企业核心价值观。

Rab23 is a potential biological target for treating hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM： To elucidate the role of Rab23 in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） by assessing the expression of Rab23 in HCC tissue and in HCC cell lines. METHODS： Primary tumors （n = 100） were stained with Rab23 antibodies using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in tissue microarrays. Relationships between gene expression and pathology parameters were analysed. The biological significance of Rab23 in Hep-3B cells was examined by knocking down Rab23 gene expression. We designed a pair of doublestranded RNAs against human rab23 and transfected siRNA into Hep-3B cells. Rab23 expression in these cells was examined using RT-PCR and Western blots. We investigated cell growth by MTT assays and fluorescenceactivated cell sorting. RESULTS： High cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of Rab23 was found in 38 of 71 （53.5%） and in 49 of 68 HCC patients （72%） respectively, which correlated with tumor size. HCC cell lines expressed Rab23. In Hep3B cells, siRNA for Rab23 decreased Rab23 mRNA by 4.5-fold and protein expression by 2-fold. Survival rates at 24 and 48 h for Hep-3B cells tTansfected with siRNA were lower and about 30% Hep-3B cells were apoptotic. Knocking down rab23 suppressed Hep3B cell growth, suggesting that rab23 could play an important role in Hep3B cell growth. CONCLUSION： Rab23 is overexpressed and/or activatedin HCC. Rab23 may be both a HCC predictor and a target for treating HCC.

Hepatitis B virus envelope as a targeting gene transfer vector for hepatic cancer cells

Objective： The aim of the study was to observe the transfection efficacy of hepatitis B virus envelope （HBVE） and evaluate its ability as a gene transfer vector for liver cancer cells. Methods： To obtain HBVE, the supematant fluid of HepG 2.2.15 cells was mixed with a PEG8000 solution for concentration and was inactivated by β-propiolactone. The acquired HBVE was used to pack plRES2-EGFP to test its package ability. Then, we examined its quantity and quality with ELISA, PCR, SDS-PAGE and electron microscopy. The plRES2-EGFP was packed with HBVE and obtained the product HBVE-GFP. The plRES2-EGFP was packed with liposome and obtained the product liposome-GFP. HBVE-GFP and liposome-GFP were used to transfer HepG 2 cells to study the transfection efficiency. HBVE-GFP was used to transfer HepG 2, A549, HeLa and FB cells to study the targeting ability. The green fluorescent protein （GFP） expression was observed under a fluorescent microscope. The rate of GFP positive cells was determined by flow cytometry. Results： 1. The acquired HBVE could retain the surface protein HBsAg ＋ pre S1 ＋ pre S2 and had no virus DNA. It had good package ability for plRES2-EGFP. 2. Transfection efficiency： The GFP could be observed in both the liposome group and HBVE group under the fluorescent microscope. But the HBVE group had a higher fluorescent intensity than liposome group. The transfection rate of liposome group was 49.97% ＋ 2.37% while the HBVE group was 70.65% ＋ 3.15% and the fluorescent intensity of the HBVE group was 3-4 times （P = 0.000） for liposome group with the determination of flow cytometry. 3. Targeting ability： The GFP could be observed in the four groups under the fluorescent microscope. The HepG 2 group had the highest fluorescent intensity among the four groups. The transfection rate of HepG 2 group was 71.35% ＋ 0.03% which was highly expressed than other groups （P = 0.000） and the fluorescent intensity of the HepG 2 group was 2-3 times （P = 0.000） for the other 3 groups with the determination of flow cytometry. Conclusion： HBVE can be constructed successfully with the methods of PEG8000 and β-propiolactone from the supernatant fluid of HepG 22.15 cells. The HBVE can be a candidate gene transfer vector for liver cancer cells.

Cytarabine and paclitaxel exhibit different cell-cycle specificities in different cell growing status

Objective： To investigate the cell-cycle specificities of cytarabine and paclitaxel in different growing status of target cell. Methods： Using flow cytometry, we tested the cell-cycle specificities of cytarabine and paclitaxel on acute lymphocyte leukemia cell line Molt-4 in different growing status and on clinical acute lymphocyte leukemia specimens in vitro as well as in leukemia patients in vivo. Results： Cytarabine induced S phase specific cebcyde blockage and apoptosis in exponentially growing Molt-4, but showed G0/G1 phase specificity in high-density cultured Molt-4 and in clinical specimens. Paclitaxel induced G2/M phase specific cell-cycle blockage and apoptosis in exponential Molt-4, but showed G0/G1 phase specificity in high-density cultured Molt-4 and S phase specificity in clinical specimens. In the first day of clinical chemotherapy, cytarabine induced G0/G1 with a little S phase apoptosis in leukemia cells of acute lymphocyte leukemia patient in vivo. Cytarabine plus paclitaxel together had almost the same effect in the second day. Conclusion： The cell-cycle effects of cytarabine and paditaxel were different in different target cell growing status. It should be noted that the in vivo effect of these agents may be different from people usually anticipated during clinical chemotherapy. So the combined chemotherapeutic regimens may need to be redesigned.

Deregulated c-myc expression in quiescent CHO cellsinduces target gene transcription and subsequent apoptotic phenotype

Human c-myc cDNA was fused with the hormonebinding domain (HBD) cDNA of murine estrogen receptorgene and the chimeric gene was introduced into the CHOcells. The fusion protein, c-MycER, becomes activatedwhen the synthetic steroid, 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (OHT),binds HBD. Activated c-MycER, likely c-Myc, can inducequiescent CHO cells reentry into S phase and subsequentcell death under serum-free condition. In addition, theexpression of some proposed c-myc target genes such asODC, MrDb, cad, rcc1 and rc1 were found to increase uponOHT induction before S, phase entry and apoptosis, indicating that these target genes are involved in cell cycleregulation and/or apoptosis control. However, the mutantD106-143c-MycER protein does not have above activities.

Cellular Anchorage Sensing and Anoikis

Normal epithelial cells that lose the integrindependent anchorage to their extracellular matrix trigger anoikis,while metastatic tumor cells bypass anoikis pathway, which is one of the key events to achieve the metastasis. Physiological role of anoikis is also involved during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, suggesting that anoikis must be strictly regulated at some level. Despite its importance, the molecular pathways involved in the regulation of anoikis and the proximal signals reporting loss of anchorage are poorly understood. Recent studies suggest an adaptor protein p66Shc, localizing at focal adhesions,mediates anoikis through activation of RhoA. However, expression of p66Shc is inadequate in metastatic cancer cells, failing to initiate anoikis and promoting tumor metastasis. Reexpression of proapoptotic protein p66Shc can restore the susceptibility to anoikis.Thus, p66Shc may be a potential target molecule for diagnosis of tumor metastasis and for tumor treatment.

Regulation of Petunia Pollen Tube Growth by Phytohormones： Identification of Their Potential Targets

It is known that cytoskeleton-dependent trafficking of cell wall and membrane components to apical plasma membrane （PM） coupled with ion transport across pollen PM is crucial for maintaining polar pollen tube growth. To elucidate whether plant hormones are involved in these processes, the effects of exogenous phytohormones, indole-3-acetic acid （IAA）, abscisic acid （ABA）, gibberellin A3 （GA3） and cytokinin （kinetin） on the growth, PM polarization, actin cytoskeleton （AC） organization and cytoplasmic pH （pile） of in vitro 4 h-growing petunia pollen tubes were investigated. IAA, ABA and GA3 displayed the growth-stimulating effects and these were accompanied by orthovanadate-sensitive hyperpolarization of the PM. Fluorescent labeling the enzyme with H＋-ATPase antibodies exhibited IAA- and ABA-induced lateral PM redistribution of it into the subapical zone of pollen tube PM. Pollen cultivation on the medium with latrunculin B, the inhibitor of actin polymerization, resulted in inhibition of pollen tube growth and simultaneously in the drop of endogenous IAA content. The IAA-growth stimulating effect was correlated with increased content of actin filaments （AF） in both apical and subapical zones of tubes, while ABA and GA3 exerted the same effect but it was accompanied by redistributing F-actin only to apical zone. In contrast, kinetin decreased the total F-actin content and inhibited pollen tube growth. It has been shown that the pHe of growing pollen tubes is sensitive to the plant hormones. In the case of male gametophyte growing for 1, 2 and 4 h, IAA induced alkalinization of the cytosol, while ABA and GA3 exerted qualitatively similar effect only after its growth for 1 h and 4 h, respectively. Kinetin, in contrast, resulted in acidification of the cytosol. All these results, taken together, indicate, for the first time, potential targets of the phytohormone action in pollen tubes.

Automatic cell object extraction of red tide algae in microscopic images

Extracting the cell objects of red tide algae is the most important step in the construction of an automatic microscopic image recognition system for harmful algal blooms.This paper describes a set of composite methods for the automatic segmentation of cells of red tide algae from microscopic images.Depending on the existence of setae,we classify the common marine red tide algae into non-setae algae species and Chaetoceros,and design segmentation strategies for these two categories according to their morphological characteristics.In view of the varied forms and fuzzy edges of non-setae algae,we propose a new multi-scale detection algorithm for algal cell regions based on border-correlation,and further combine this with morphological operations and an improved GrabCut algorithm to segment single-cell and multicell objects.In this process,similarity detection is introduced to eliminate the pseudo cellular regions.For Chaetoceros,owing to the weak grayscale information of their setae and the low contrast between the setae and background,we propose a cell extraction method based on a gray surface orientation angle model.This method constructs a gray surface vector model,and executes the gray mapping of the orientation angles.The obtained gray values are then reconstructed and linearly stretched.Finally,appropriate morphological processing is conducted to preserve the orientation information and tiny features of the setae.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methods can effectively remove noise and accurately extract both categories of algae cell objects possessing a complete shape,regular contour,and clear edge.Compared with other advanced segmentation techniques,our methods are more robust when considering images with different appearances and achieve more satisfactory segmentation effects.

The diagnostic and prognostic value of CCTs in human hepatocellular carcinoma: a study based on integrated bioinformatics

Chaperonin-containing tailless complex polypeptide 1(CCT) is a group of genes involved in protein folding. It has been reported to be associated with the genesis and development of multiple tumors. However, the expression levels and functions of distinct CCTs involved in carcinogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) have not been systematically analyzed. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression and mutation patterns, diagnostic and prognostic value, and functional enrichment of CCTs in HCC using ONCOMINE, GEPIA, the Human Protein Atlas, cBioPortal, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, and R language. The transcriptional and translational levels of all CCT family members were remarkably higher in HCC patients and related to the tumor stage. All CCT family members, especially CCT2 and CCT8, might serve as promising diagnostic, prognostic markers as well as therapeutic targets for HCC.

INFER OBJECTIVE FUNCTION OF GLYCEROL METABOLISM IN KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE BASING ON BILEVEL PROGRAMMING

Mathematical modelling of cellular metabolism plays an important role in understandingbiological functions and providing identification of targets for biotechnological modification.This paperproposes a nonlinear bilevel programming(NBP)model to infer the objective function of anaerobicglycerol metabolism in Klebsiella Pneumoniae(K.Pneumoniae)for 1,3-propanediol(1,3-PD)production.Based on the Kuhn-Tucker optimality condition of the lower level problem,NBP is transformedinto a nonlinear programming with complementary and slackness conditions.The authors give the existencetheorem of solutions to NBP.An efficient algorithm is proposed to solve NBP and its convergenceis also simply analyzed.Numerical results reveal some interesting conclusions,e.g.,biomass productionis the main force to drive glycerol metabolism,and the objective functions,which are obtained in termof several different groups of flux distributions,are similar.