医疗保险总额控制的实践与思考

总额控制是实施医保支付制度改革的基础。本文讨论了实施总额控制的重要意义,总结分析了实施总额控制的地方实践,并由此提出进一步推进以总额控制为基础的支付制度改革的基本思路和政策建议。

A New Adaptive Image Segmentation Method

Aim Researching the optimal thieshold of image segmentation. M^ethods An adaptiveimages segmentation method based on the entropy of histogram of gray-level picture and genetic. algorithm (GA) was presental. Results In our approach, the segmentation problem was formulated as an optimization problem and the fitness of GA which can efficiently search the segmentation parameter space was regarded as the quality criterion. Conclusion The methodcan be adapted for optimal behold segmentation.

The Mechanism of Eliminating Harmonic Resonance with Controllers and Application to the Power Systems

The phenomenon of anti-symmetrical bifurcation of periodic solutionsoccurring near an integral manifold is the intrinsic cause resulting in harmonic resonanceover-voltage in power systems. Due to this discovery, the principle of eliminating resonance byusing anti-bifurcation technique is presented, which makes that the theoretical bases of verymeasure to eliminate resonance are unified firstly from a point of view of basic theory. Ourdiscussion models depend on a class of nonlinear control model. Using the direct Lyapunov method, acomplete theoretical proof is given in accordance with the measure of eliminating resonance byconnecting nonlinear resistor in series to the neutral point of P. T., and the feedback control lawbeing applied. It comprises the action of parameters of resistor to eliminate resonance and theactual process of eliminating resonance, i.e., to go against bifurcation process which forces thebig harmonic solutions to retreat to the integral manifold gradually and disappear eventually, whichby using the nonlinear controllers. This makes it sure that the intrinsic cause of resonance iseliminated thoroughly. The obtained theory results and computing results are better than thepresented results.

Direct computing methods for turn flows in traffic assignment

Two methods based on a slight modification of the regular traffic assignmentalgorithms are proposed to directly compute turn flows instead of estimating them from link flows orobtaining them by expanding the networks. The first one is designed on the path-turn incidencerelationship, and it is similar to the computational procedure of link flows. It applies to thetraffic assignment algorithms that can provide detailed path structures. The second utilizes thelink-turn incidence relationship and the conservation of flow on links, a law deriving from thisrelationship. It is actually an improved version of Dial's logit assignment algorithm. The proposedapproaches can avoid the shortcomings both of the estimation methods, e. g. Furness's model andFrator's model, and of the network-expanding method in precision, stability and computation scale.Finally, they are validated by numerical examples.

Analysis of the Conditional Correlations from Different Genetic Systems Between the Protein Content and the Appearance Quality Traits of Indica Rice

A factorial mating design in two environments was conducted using 7 cytoplasmic male sterile lines （A） and 5 restorer lines （R） along with their F1 （A × R） and F2 populations. The unconditional and conditional analyses of genetic models and the corresponding statistic methods, including endospermic, cytoplasmic, and maternal plant genetic systems, were used to analyze the genetic relationships between protein content （PC） and the appearance quality traits of indica rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The results from unconditional analysis indicated that PC was significantly correlated with the appearance quality traits of rice, except for the brown rice thickness （BRT）. Only the genetic covariance between PC and the brown rice width （BRW） was positively correlative, whereas all the other pairwise traits were negatively correlative. The results from conditional analysis revealed that the weight of brown rice （WBR） or the amylose content （AC） could significantly affect the relationships between PC and the appearance quality traits of indica rice. The conditional analysis showed that WBR might negatively affect the relationships between PC and the brown rice length （BRL）, BRW, or BRT through the geuotype x environmental （GE） interaction effects, but positively affected the relationships between PC and the ratio of brown rice length to width （RLW） or the ratio of brown rice length to thickness （RLT）. The amylase content could positively affect the relationships between PC and BRL, RLW, RLT through the cytoplasmic effects and maternal additive effects, but negatively affected the relationships between PC and BRW.

Outage Performance of Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Based Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Satellite Networks

With rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs), more and more UAVs access satellite networks for data transmission. To improve the spectral efficiency, non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) is adopted to integrate UAVs into the satellite network, where multiple satellites cooperatively serve the UAVs and mobile terminal using the Ku-band and above. Taking into account the rain fading and the fading correlation, the outage performance is first analytically obtained for fixed power allocation and then efficiently calculated by the proposed power allocation algorithm to guarantee the user fairness. Simulation results verify the outage performance analysis and show the performance improvement of the proposed power allocation scheme.

Clarkson-Kruskal Direct Similarity Approach for Differential-Difference Equations

In this letter, the Clarkson-Kruskal direct method is extended to similarity reduce some differentialdifference equations. As examples, the differential-difference KZ equation and KP equation are considered.

Boundary Control of Coupled Nonlinear Three Dimensional Marine Risers

This paper presents a design of boundary controllers implemented at the top end for global stabilization of a marine riser in a three dimensional space under environmental loadings. Based on the energy approach, nonlinear partial differential equations of motion, including bending-bending and longitudinal-bending couplings for the risers are derived. The couplings cause mutual effects between the three independent directions in the riser＇s motions, and make it difficult to minimize its vibrations. The Lyapunov direct method is employed to design the boundary controller. It is shown that the proposed boundary controllers can effectively reduce the riser＇s vibration. Stability analysis of the closed-loop system is performed using the Lyapunov direct method. Numerical simulations illustrate the results.

Challenges and opportunities in the treatment of ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis(UC) is an inflammatory destructive disease of the large intestine occurred usually in the rectum and lower part of the colon as well as the entire colon. Drug therapy is not the only choice for UC treatment and medical management should be as a comprehensive whole. Many synthetic drugs are available for the treatment of UC like 5-aminosalicylic acid, oral or systemic corticosteroids, immunomodulator, etc. but these drugs are associated with many serious side effects after long term use or have certain disadvantage or not suitable for the use in some patients. In short synthetic drugs have many disadvantages and for this reason effective and safe alternative drug treatment for the UC is the challenge. Herbal drugs are found to be very promising results of the treatment of UC and enzymatic level. Researchers explored many herbal drugs for the treatment and even many more may found effective in the treatment of UC. At this point we feel herbal medicine is the better alternative for the treatment of UC.

Free Energy Level Correction by Monte Carlo Resampling with Weighted Histogram Analysis Method

Free energy calculations may provide vital information for studying various chemical and biological processes.Quantum mechanical methods are required to accurately describe interaction energies,but their computations are often too demanding for conformational sampling.As a remedy,level correction schemes that allow calculating high level free energies based on conformations from lower level simulations have been developed.Here,we present a variation of a Monte Carlo(MC)resampling approach in relation to the weighted histogram analysis method(WHAM).We show that our scheme can generate free energy surfaces that can practically converge to the exact one with sufficient sampling,and that it treats cases with insufficient sampling in a more stable manner than the conventional WHAM-based level correction scheme.It can also provide a guide for checking the uncertainty of the levelcorrected surface and a well-defined criterion for deciding the extent of smoothing on the free energy surface for its visual improvement.We demonstrate these aspects by obtaining the free energy maps associated with the alanine dipeptide and proton transfer network of the KillerRed protein in explicit water,and exemplify that the MC resampled WHAM scheme can be a practical tool for producing free energy surfaces of realistic systems.

A high order single step-βmethod for nonlinear structural dynamic analysis

A high order single step β algorithm, a new direct integration algorithm is proposed for solution of equations of motion. Whenβ=0.5, the accuracy of displacement, velocity and acceleration is of forth order (a truncation error of Δ t 5), and the algorithm is unconditionally stable and has no arithmetic damping and no overshooting. When >0.5, and an arithmetic damping is adopted, the algorithm is again unconditionally stable with a third order accuracy (a truncation error of Δ t 4). The analyses run with typical examples show that the algorithm proposed has higher speed, higher precision and better properties than other direct integration methods, such as Wilson θ method and Newmark β method in analysing linear elastic responses and nonlinear earthquake responses.

A Rapid Extraction Procedure for the Determination of Strontium-90 in Water Samples

A beta spectrometric method for the rapid determination of strontium-90 （90Sr） in water samples was developed and tested. 90Sr is extracted directly from the water samples by means of a scintillator cocktail, containing the crown ether dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 as an extracting agent （STRONEX）. Minimal clean-up is necessary when other beta nuclides are present, such as barium-140. These nuclides are eliminated by a barium chromate scavenge, prior to the extraction step. The method presented here allows for the investigation of at least 12 water samples a day and is therefore a suitable tool for emergency analysis.

Improved modal truncation error in the directly analytical method for damage identification of frame structures

The damage identification is made by the numerical simulation analysis of a five-storey-and-two-span RC frame structure, using improved and unimproved direct analytical method respectively; and the fundamental equations were solved by the minimal least square method （viz. general inverse method）. It demonstrates that the feasibility and the accuracy of the present approach were impoved significantly, compared with the result of unimproved damage identification.

A Fast Underwater Optical Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on a Histogram Weighted Fuzzy C-means Improved by PSO

The S/N of an underwater image is low and has a fuzzy edge.If using traditional methods to process it directly,the result is not satisfying.Though the traditional fuzzy C-means algorithm can sometimes divide the image into object and background,its time-consuming computation is often an obstacle.The mission of the vision system of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is to rapidly and exactly deal with the information about the object in a complex environment for the AUV to use the obtained result to execute the next task.So,by using the statistical characteristics of the gray image histogram,a fast and effective fuzzy C-means underwater image segmentation algorithm was presented.With the weighted histogram modifying the fuzzy membership,the above algorithm can not only cut down on a large amount of data processing and storage during the computation process compared with the traditional algorithm,so as to speed up the efficiency of the segmentation,but also improve the quality of underwater image segmentation.Finally,particle swarm optimization (PSO) described by the sine function was introduced to the algorithm mentioned above.It made up for the shortcomings that the FCM algorithm can not get the global optimal solution.Thus,on the one hand,it considers the global impact and achieves the local optimal solution,and on the other hand,further greatly increases the computing speed.Experimental results indicate that the novel algorithm can reach a better segmentation quality and the processing time of each image is reduced.They enhance efficiency and satisfy the requirements of a highly effective,real-time AUV.

The Application of the Bursa Model to the Integration of GPS Time Series

In this paper the method of combining the Bursa model to integrate several regional time series to derive a unified global time series is introduced in detail. Then,an example taken from CMONOC( Crustal Movement Observation Network of China) is used to test if the combination method is feasible. The precision of the integrated time series with the combination method is below 2mm( North),3mm( East),that is same as the results from the direct integration of the time series and the precision of the baseline is below 6mm,which proves that the combination method can be used to integrate several regional time series to derive a unified global time series.

Thermodynamic analysis on the direct preparation of metallic vanadium from NaVO_3 by molten salt electrolysis

A novel and environmentally friendly route to directly prepare metallic vanadium from NaV03 by molten salt electrolysis is proposed. The feasibility about the direct electro-reduction of NaV03 to metallic vanadi- um is analyzed based on the thermodynamic calculations and experimental verifications. The theoretical decomposition voltage of NaV03 to metallic vanadium is only 0.47 V at 800 ℃ and much lower than that of the alkali and alkali earth metal chloride salts. The value is slightly higher than that of low-valence vanadium oxides such as V203, V305 and VO. However, the low-valence vanadium oxides can he further electro-reduced to metallic vanadium thermodynamically. The thermodynamic analysis is verified by the experimental results. The direct preparation of metallic vanadium from NaV03 by molten salt electrolysis is feasible.

A New Proposal to Adjust a Straight Line to a Normal Q-Q Plot

In this paper a new proposal of a straight line, the ＂modified Tukey＇s line＂, for fitting to a normal quantile-quantile Plot, or normal Q-Q plot, is presented. This probability plot allows us to determine whether a set of sample observations is distributed according to a normal distribution. For this, the sample quantiles are represented against the quantiles of a theoretical probability model, which in this case is the normal distribution. If the data set follows the above mentioned distribution, the plotted points will have a rectilinear configuration. To verify this, there are different alternatives for fitting a straight line to the plotted points. Among the straight lines which can be fitted to a Q-Q plot, in this paper, besides the proposed straight line, the following straight lines are considered： straight line that passes through the first and third quartiles, straight line that passes through the 10th and 90th percentiles, straight line fitted by the method of least squares, straight line with slope s and constant the average of the data set, Theil＇s line and Tukey＇s line. In addition, an example, in which there are represented the different straight lines considered and the proposed straight line on a normal Q-Q plot obtained for the same set of observations, is developed. In this example the existing differences among the straight lines are observed.

Approximate Similarity Reduction for Perturbed Kaup-Kupershmidt Equation via Lie Symmetry Method and Direct Method

The perturbed Kaup-Kupershmidt equation is investigated in terms of the approximate symmetry perturbationmethod and the approximate direct method.The similarity reduction solutions of different orders are obtainedfor both methods, series reduction solutions are consequently derived.Higher order similarity reduction equations arelinear variable coefficients ordinary differential equations.By comparison, it is find that the results generated from theapproximate direct method are more general than the results generated from the approximate symmetry perturbationmethod.

Similarity Reductions of Nonisospectral BKP Equation

Basing on the direct method developed by Clarkson and Kruskal,the nonisospectral BKP equation can bereduced to three types of(1+1)-dimensional variable coefficients partial differential equations(PDEs).Furthermore,onthe basis of the idea of the symmetry group direct method by Lou et al.,three types of reduction PDEs are all reducedto the related constant coefficients PDEs by some transformations.

Multi-physics analysis of permanent magnet tubular linear motors under severe volumetric and thermal constraints

Permanent magnet tubular linear motors(TLMs) arranged in multiple rows and multiple columns used for a radiotherapy machine were studied. Due to severe volumetric and thermal constraints, the TLMs were at high risk of overheating. To predict the performance of the TLMs accurately, a multi-physics analysis approach was proposed. Specifically, it considered the coupling effects amongst the electromagnetic and the thermal models of the TLMs, as well as the fluid model of the surrounding air. To reduce computation cost, both the electromagnetic and the thermal models were based on lumped-parameter methods. Only a minimum set of numerical computation(computational fluid dynamics, CFD) was performed to model the complex fluid behavior. With the proposed approach, both steady state and transient state temperature distributions, thermal rating and permissible load can be predicted. The validity of this approach is verified through the experiment.