空肠和回肠直动脉及器官表面动脉的观测

目的 通过对空、回肠直动脉分支类型的观察、测量不同类型直动脉管径、间距以及器官表面动脉吻合网面密度 ,探讨空、回肠血供形态的异同 ,为临床空、回肠疾病手术、器官移植、介入治疗提供形态学依据。方法 选取 15具成人及 2～ 6岁小儿 10具进行股动脉插管、乳胶灌注后解剖剥离直动脉 ,将空回肠均分 5段观测相关指标。结果 成人空肠 (1、2段 )及回肠 (3～ 5段 )直动脉起始处外管径 (mm)分别为 0 6 8± 0 18、0 72± 0 0 1、0 6 1± 0 0 2、0 5 3± 0 0 3和 0 5 1± 0 0 1,相邻分支间距 (mm)分别为 2 89± 1 72、2 79± 2 0 6、2 2 1± 1 6 4、2 17± 1 17及 2 85± 0 4 6 ;空、回肠直动脉长、短干型分支供血能力不同 ;空肠器官表面动脉吻合网面密度大于回肠。结论 直动脉分支类型、管径、间距及器官表面动脉吻合网面密度对空、回肠血供影响较大。

空肠直动脉及器官表面动脉的形态观测

目的 :通过对空肠直动脉动脉弓级数、分支类型、长度、管径、间距以及器官表面动脉吻合网眼密度 (吻合网眼数 /统计肠总面积个 /m2 )的观测 ,研究直动脉对空肠血供的影响。方法 :选取成人及 2～ 6岁小儿尸体进行股动脉插管、乳胶灌注后解剖剥离观察其分支类型并测量其管径、间距。结果 :空肠各段直动脉长度、管径、间距均有所不同。直动脉分支各段以 3支型为主 ,占 5 2 .19± 8.0 4 %、4 2 .80± 6 .0 7% ,其长度为 2 2 .32± 0 .31mm、 2 5 .0 0± 0 .37m m ,管径平均为 0 .6 8± 0 .18m m、0 .72± 0 .0 1mm ,间距为 2 .89± 1.72 m m、2 .79± 2 .0 6 mm。结论 :空肠两段中直动脉长度、管径。

回肠直动脉及器官表面动脉的形态观测

目的 :通过对回肠直动脉分支类型、管径、间距以及器官表面动脉吻合网眼密度 (吻合网眼数 /统计肠总面积 )的观测 ,研究回肠直动脉对血供的影响。方法 :选取成人及 2～ 6岁小儿尸体进行股动脉插管、乳胶灌注后解剖剥离 ,观察分支类型并测量其管径、间距以及单位面积吻合网眼密度。结果 :回肠各段直动脉、管径、间距均有所不同 ,其管径平均为 (0 .6 1± 0 .0 2 )mm、(0 .5 3± 0 .0 3) mm、(0 .5 1± 0 .0 1) mm ,间距为 (2 .2 1± 1.6 4 ) m m、(2 .17± 1.17) m m、 (2 .85± 0 .4 6 ) m m ,分支以 2支型为主 ,占 4 0 .2 3%、4 3.4 2 %和 4 3.5 2 %。结论 :回肠各段直动脉管径、间距有所不同。

判别空回、肠直动脉供血功能的形态学logistic回归方程

目的:建立判别评价空回、肠直动脉供血能力的形态学方程,为临床空回肠手术提供血供参考。方法:采用乳胶血管铸型法,对15例正常成人空回肠标本的直动脉各形态因素进行观测,并依据每支直动脉所分布的肠管血供对其供血能力给予量化分级。得到1500组,共计7500个数据。在此基础上进行逐步log istic回归,筛选、确定影响直动脉供血能力的重要形态因素。结果:明确了影响直动脉供血能力的主要形态因素为:血管管径(外径),长度及发出该直动脉的动脉弓级数,由此三因素为自变量,建立起判别评价空回肠直动脉供血能力的形态学log istic回归方程。结论:从形态学角度对正常人体空回肠直动脉供血能力给出判别评价,对直视下空回肠手术中血供的判别有一定指导意义。

动脉直穿血液透析的几点体会

建立可靠、快速的血管通路是急、慢性肾功能衰竭、急性药物及毒物中毒等患者及时进行血液透析治疗和血液灌流的根本保障。对于一些急性肾衰，内瘘尚未成熟前，患者病情突然加重急需血透以及内瘘因故闭塞，而新的内瘘又未建立时往往需要建立临时性血管通路。

空回肠长度及肠动脉的观测

本文对空回肠的长度与肠动脉的支数、直径及长度等作了调查,特别注意了空回肠与肠动脉弓级数的关系。每1/4段肠系膜内动脉弓的级数,从空肠始端至回肠末端的排列,在41例中,出现17种类型。其中以2—3—3—2、2—3—3—3及2—2—3—2型较常见,2—3—3—2型为主型,这与一般教科书所载极不一致。空回肠交界处的肠动脉序数以第6、7者为多,可以此作为手术中区分空回肠的标志之一。

Cardiac remodeling as a consequence of atrial fibrillation： An anatomical study of perfusion-fixed human heart specimens

Background Atrial fibrillation （AF） causes a continuum of atrial anatomical remodeling. Methods Using a library of perfusion-fixed human hearts, specimens with AF were compared to controls. During this preliminary assessment study, direct measurements were taken of atrial volume, pulmonary vein （PV） circumference, and left atrial （LA） wall thicknesses. Results Hearts with AF typically had larger atrial volumes, as well as a much larger variation in volume compared to controls （range of 59.6-227.1 mL in AF hearts compared to 65.1-115.9 mL in controls）. For all hearts, right PVs were larger than left PVs （mean： 171.4 ± 84.6 mm^2 for right and 1182 ± 50.1 mm^2 for left, P 〈 0.005）. LA wall thicknesses ranged from 0.7 mm to 3.1 mm for both AF and control hearts. Conclusions Hearts with AF had a large range of sizes which is consistent with the progression of atrial remodeling during AF. The large range of thicknesses will influence the amount of energy needed to create transmural lesions during ablation procedures.

Arterial-phase contrast-enhanced ultrasonography for evaluating anti-angiogenesis treatment: A pilot study

AIM:To verify whether arterial-phase contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) of tumor parenchymal tissue is useful for evaluation of anti-angiogenesis agents.METHODS:Rabbits with liver tumor were subjected to CEUS,and images of the nodular maximal diameter in vascular phase were recorded.Image analysis was performed to plot the time intensity curve(TIC) at the tumor parenchyma,which set the diameter of the region of interest of intensity measurement.The TIC was calculated to obtain the time to peak intensity(TPI) and the magnitude of PI.Rabbits were randomly assigned to a treatment group with sorafenib and a control group.Two weeks later,the same ultrasound examination was repeated followed by pathological testing to assess the effect of sorafenib on the liver tumor.RESULTS:In four rabbits in the treatment group,the rate of change of tumor size was decreased comparedwith that of the control(the rate 2.3 vs 7.9,P = 0.02).The TPI of the treatment group elongated significantly(the rate 3.1 vs 1.1,P = 0.07 for SonoVue,2.0 vs 0.88,P = 0.09 for Sonazoid).The magnitude of PI showed no significant changes.In pathological examination,capillary diameters in the treatment group were significantly smaller than those in the control group(26.4 vs 42.8 μm,P = 0.013).CONCLUSION:Analysis of the TIC in the arterial phase of tumor tissue could evaluate the efficacy of antiangiogenesis drug treatment in liver tumor.

Positive expression and correlation of chemokine receptor CXCR4 with nodal metastasis and prognosis in colorectal cancer

Objective: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths, with recurrence and metasta- sis as the primary reasons for mortality. New evidence has implicated chemokines as the likely cause. We studied the positive expression of CXCR4 chemokine receptors in colorectal carcinoma and investigated its correlations to clinicpathological char- acteristics and prognosis. Methods: Tumor tissue specimens of patients with colorectal carcinoma (n = 67) who underwent surgery from January 2003 to December 2004 at the Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital were collected. CXCR4 expres- sion levels and tumor microvessel density were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Specimens were immunostained using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. The correlation between the CXCR4 expression and clinicopathological factors was evaluated. Results: In 67 cancer tissue specimens, CXCR4 was positively expressed in 38 cases, positive rate being 56.7%. Positive expression of CXCR4 is associated with an increasing incidence of nodal involvement, higher clinic stage, higher tumor microvessel density and a lower 3-year disease free survival rate as compared to those with negative CXCR4 expression (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Positive CXCR4 expression and high tumor microvessel density are associated with poor prognosis and could be a potential predictive factor for recurrence or metastasis of colorectal cancer patients. So CXCR4 may be a potential target for specific therapeutic interventions in the future.

Linear Track Estimation Using Double Pulse Sources for Near-Field Underwater Moving Target

The double pulse sources （DPS） method is presented for linear track estimation in this work. In the field of noise identification of underwater moving target, the Doppler will distort the frequency and amplitude of the radiated noise. To eliminate this, the track estimation is necessary. In the DPS method, we first estimate bearings of two sinusoidal pulse sources installed in the moving target through baseline positioning method. Meanwhile, the emitted and recorded time of each pulse are also acquired. Then the linear track parameters will be achieved based on the geometry pattern with the help of double sources spacing. The simulated results confirm that the DPS improves the performance of the previous double source spacing method. The simulated experiments were carried out using a moving battery car to further evaluate its performance. When the target is 40-60m away, the experiment results show that biases of track azimuth and abeam distance of DPS are under 0.6° and 3.4m, respectively. And the average deviation of estimated velocity is around 0.25m/s.

Studies of Selective Arterial Perfusion plus Chemoembolization on Hepatic Metastasis from Rectal Cancer

OBJECTIVE To develop an effectual method for treating hepatic metas-tasis from rectal cancer. METHODS A randomized control study of celiac artery perfusion plus transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) (observation group) and intravenous chemotherapy (control group) for 99 cases with hepatic me-tastasis from rectal cancer was performed. The perfusion was repeated once at 4 weeks after the first treatment of 52 cases in the observation group, and it was subsequently repeated at an interval of 2 or 3 months. Using intrave-nous administration, the perfusion was repeated once every 3 weeks with 47 cases in the control group. RESULTS Three months after treatment, the patients in the observation group who showed a relief or elimination of a former superior abdominal pain amounted to 70.6%, and those with a diminution of their intrahepatic mass reached 55.8%. In the control group, the patients with a relief or disappear-ance of hepatalgia reached 20%, and those with a diminution of their intrahe-patic mass reached 10.6%. The 1, 2 and 3-year survival rates were 80.8%, 46.2% and 25.0% in the cases of the observation group and 61.7%, 19.1% and 4.3% in the control group, respectively. CONCLUSION For the patients who failed to receive a surgical opera-tion on their hepatic metastasis from rectal cancer, celiac artery perfusion plus TACE is a more effective regimen for improvement of the clinical symp-toms and extension of the survival time, compared to intravenous chemo-therapy, and is a better choice for palliative therapy.

Surgery for rare aneurysm associated with colorectal cancer

The occurrence of concomitant aortic aneurysm and colorectal cancer is a rare medical entity,and con-troversy surrounds its optimal treatment.We report a case of rectal cancer and concomitant aneurysm from the ascending aorta to the common iliac artery.As with DeBakey typeⅠaortic dissecting aneurysm,our patient was treated by rectal cancer resection,with preservation of the anus(Dixon operation)under controlled hypo-tension.Blood pressure was maintained at 80-90/50-60 mmHg and the pulse at 70-90 beats/min.The pathological examination of the surgical specimen showed a poorly differentiated T3N0 tumor.The patient had an uneventful recovery without aneurysm rupture,and was discharged from hospital on postoperative day 15 after 3 d adjuvant chemotherapy with oxaliplatin combined with calcium folinate and fluorouracil.The patient was given six courses of adjuvant chemotherapy in 6 mo,without recurrence or metastasis,and the aneurysm was still stable after 2 years follow-up.

The research of the staggered lamination linear pulse launcher

This paper proposes a new type of pulse launcher that applies the principle of linear motors. The stator, viz. gun barrel, of the launcher has a new structure of one segment of iron core consisting of 3 staggered laminations. This structure is helpful in advancing the thrust force per volume. Based on introducing the structure and the working principles, this paper resolves the electromagnetic thrusting force and performs mechanical analysis and experiments on the sample launcher. The research shows that this launcher is simple and brushless structure with brief controlling.

Residence Time Distribution at Laminar Pulsatile Flow in a Straight Pipe

This paper deals with the problem of theoretical identification of the residence time distribution （RTD） characteristics of a straight pipe at laminar pulsatile flow, if tracer diffusion can be neglected. This situation is typical for micro-apparatuses （e.g. fluidic element） and also for flow in large arteries. Residence time distribution based on velocity profiles at pulsatile flow of a Newtonian liquid in a rigid pipe will be derived theoretically and compared with the well known results for a constant flow rate E（τ） = τ-^2/2τ^3 at τ 〉 τ^-/2, where E （τ） is differential distribution, x is residence time and τ^- is the mean residence time. The following part of the paper deals stimulus response experimental techniques using tracers. The principal problem related to laminar and convection dominated pulsatile flows is discussed： Can the impulse response also be identified with the actual residence time distribution in the case of variable flow？ The general answer is no, and differences between RTD and impulse responses are evaluated as a function of the frequency and amplitude of pulsatile flows.

Advance in research of several types of streaming of pulse tube refrigerators

The pulse tube refrigerator （PTR） is a promising small-scale cryocooler. This paper first briefly introduces the history of the pulse tube refrigerator. It has pointed out that technology improvements and theoretical developments of the pulse tube refrig- erator closely relate with the internal streaming effects. Then the discovering history and classification of the streaming or DC （direct current） flow effect are summarized. It proposes for the first time that the physical significance of the streaming con- tains the driving mechanisms and the transport mechanisms. It demonstrates that the driving mechanisms are the asymmetry of fluid flow and temperature while the transport mechanisms are a loop or vorticity, which transmits nonlinear dissipations. The important advancements have been made over the past two decades all over the world in research of streaming of the pulse tube refrigerator including Gedeon DC flow, Rayleigb streaming, the third type of DC flow and the regenerator circulation. With regard to Gedeon DC flow, theoretical and experimental analyses have been made and different suppression methods are summarized. In the aspect of Rayleigh streaming, it mainly focuses on the analytical solution of the second-order mass flow and the research of tapered pulse tubes. In particular, limited research on the third type of DC flow and regenerator circulation is presented. The experimental measurement techniques of streaming also are summarized. Finally, this paper briefly discusses the key scientific and technical issues of the current research, and foretells the future development trends of streaming research in PTR.