In the present study, the effect of pollen grain sources on volatile com- pounds in bagged apple fruit of Yan Fuji 3, grown at two experiment sites and pol- linated by pollens of other five cultivars was evaluated, to...In the present study, the effect of pollen grain sources on volatile com- pounds in bagged apple fruit of Yan Fuji 3, grown at two experiment sites and pol- linated by pollens of other five cultivars was evaluated, to select appropriate poll- enizer cultivars for Fuji, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the flavor and aroma of bagged apple fruit of Fuji. The results proved the significant metaxe- nia effect of the five pollenizer cultivars on volatile compounds of bagged apple fruit of Fuji. The numbers of both volatile compounds and characteristic aroma com- pounds in bagged apple fruit pollinated by Golden Delicious were larger and those of the fruit pollinated by Gala were smaller at both experiment sites. However, there were differences in the numbers of volatile compounds and characteristic aroma compounds among the fruits pollinated by Starkrimson, Jinxiuhaitang and Ruby at both experimental sites. The differences were caused by 12 compounds that only existed at a low level in certain samples. All of them were not the aroma contribu- tors except ethyl 2-methylbutyrate. The content of alcohols in bagged Fuji fruit was largely increased by Starkrimson and Ruby pollination; the content of aldehydes was obviously increased by Golden Delicious, Starkrimson and Gala pollination; the con- tents of esters and terpenes were significantly increased by Golden Delicious, Starkrimson and Ruby pollination. Jinxiuhaitang pollination showed no significant ef- fects for improving the content of four categories of volatile compounds. The metax- enia of the pollenizer cultivars on volatile compounds in bagged Fuji fruit was stable at the two experimental sites.展开更多
AIM： TO assess the gender preferences, specifically the gender of the nursing staff （endoscopy assistants） and the impact on acceptance for screening colonoscopy （SC）. METHODS： Patients or relatives attending th...AIM： TO assess the gender preferences, specifically the gender of the nursing staff （endoscopy assistants） and the impact on acceptance for screening colonoscopy （SC）. METHODS： Patients or relatives attending the clinics or health care workers working in a tertiary center were invited to participate in this questionnaire study. The questionnaire enquired on the general demographics （1） age, gender, ethnicity, education level, and employ- ment status, previous history of colonoscopy, family or personal history of colonic pathologies, personal and family history of any cancers; （2） subjects were asked if they would go for an SC if they had appropriate indi- cations （age over 50 years, family history of colorectal cancer （CRC）, fecal occult blood positive, anemia espe- cially iron deficiency anemia, bleeding per rectum with or without loss of appetite, weight loss and abdominal pain） with and without symptoms attributable to CRC; and （3） preferences for the gender of the endoscopists and assistants and whether they would still undergo SC even if their preferences were not met. RESULTS： Eighty-four point seven percent （470/550） completed questionnaire were analysed. More female subjects expressed gender preferences for the endos- copists [overall 70%; female （67.7%） and male （2.3%）] compared to male subjects [overall 62.8%; male （56%） and female （6.8%）, P = 0.102]. Similarly, more female subjects expressed gender preferences for the assis- tants [overall 74.5%; female （73.4%） and male （1.1%）] compared to male subjects [overall 58%, male （49.3%） and female （8.7%）, P 〈 0.001]. Overall, a third would decline an SC, despite having appropriate indications, if their preferences were not met. On univariate analysis, male gender, non-Malay ethnicity （Chinese and others） and previous colonoscopy experience were more likely to undergo an SC, even if their preferences were not met （all P 〈 0.05）. Gender and previous experience fodds ratio （OR） 1.68, 95% confidence interval （CI） 1.00-2.82, P 〈 0.05] with colonoscopy （OR 4.70, 95% CI 1.41-15.66, P 〈 0.05） remained significant on multi variate analysis. CONCLUSION： Genders preference for the endoscopy nurses/assistants is more common than for the endos- copist among women and has implications for the suc cess of a screening colonoscopy program.展开更多
基金Supported by Major Applied Technology Innovation Program of Agriculture in Shandong Province(2014)Special Scientific Research Fund for Taishan Scholars([2013]123)Earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China(CARS-28)~~
文摘In the present study, the effect of pollen grain sources on volatile com- pounds in bagged apple fruit of Yan Fuji 3, grown at two experiment sites and pol- linated by pollens of other five cultivars was evaluated, to select appropriate poll- enizer cultivars for Fuji, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the flavor and aroma of bagged apple fruit of Fuji. The results proved the significant metaxe- nia effect of the five pollenizer cultivars on volatile compounds of bagged apple fruit of Fuji. The numbers of both volatile compounds and characteristic aroma com- pounds in bagged apple fruit pollinated by Golden Delicious were larger and those of the fruit pollinated by Gala were smaller at both experiment sites. However, there were differences in the numbers of volatile compounds and characteristic aroma compounds among the fruits pollinated by Starkrimson, Jinxiuhaitang and Ruby at both experimental sites. The differences were caused by 12 compounds that only existed at a low level in certain samples. All of them were not the aroma contribu- tors except ethyl 2-methylbutyrate. The content of alcohols in bagged Fuji fruit was largely increased by Starkrimson and Ruby pollination; the content of aldehydes was obviously increased by Golden Delicious, Starkrimson and Gala pollination; the con- tents of esters and terpenes were significantly increased by Golden Delicious, Starkrimson and Ruby pollination. Jinxiuhaitang pollination showed no significant ef- fects for improving the content of four categories of volatile compounds. The metax- enia of the pollenizer cultivars on volatile compounds in bagged Fuji fruit was stable at the two experimental sites.
文摘AIM： TO assess the gender preferences, specifically the gender of the nursing staff （endoscopy assistants） and the impact on acceptance for screening colonoscopy （SC）. METHODS： Patients or relatives attending the clinics or health care workers working in a tertiary center were invited to participate in this questionnaire study. The questionnaire enquired on the general demographics （1） age, gender, ethnicity, education level, and employ- ment status, previous history of colonoscopy, family or personal history of colonic pathologies, personal and family history of any cancers; （2） subjects were asked if they would go for an SC if they had appropriate indi- cations （age over 50 years, family history of colorectal cancer （CRC）, fecal occult blood positive, anemia espe- cially iron deficiency anemia, bleeding per rectum with or without loss of appetite, weight loss and abdominal pain） with and without symptoms attributable to CRC; and （3） preferences for the gender of the endoscopists and assistants and whether they would still undergo SC even if their preferences were not met. RESULTS： Eighty-four point seven percent （470/550） completed questionnaire were analysed. More female subjects expressed gender preferences for the endos- copists [overall 70%; female （67.7%） and male （2.3%）] compared to male subjects [overall 62.8%; male （56%） and female （6.8%）, P = 0.102]. Similarly, more female subjects expressed gender preferences for the assis- tants [overall 74.5%; female （73.4%） and male （1.1%）] compared to male subjects [overall 58%, male （49.3%） and female （8.7%）, P 〈 0.001]. Overall, a third would decline an SC, despite having appropriate indications, if their preferences were not met. On univariate analysis, male gender, non-Malay ethnicity （Chinese and others） and previous colonoscopy experience were more likely to undergo an SC, even if their preferences were not met （all P 〈 0.05）. Gender and previous experience fodds ratio （OR） 1.68, 95% confidence interval （CI） 1.00-2.82, P 〈 0.05] with colonoscopy （OR 4.70, 95% CI 1.41-15.66, P 〈 0.05） remained significant on multi variate analysis. CONCLUSION： Genders preference for the endoscopy nurses/assistants is more common than for the endos- copist among women and has implications for the suc cess of a screening colonoscopy program.
