To promote the modeling standardization process of the integrated circuits, an improved electrical simulation model for a direct power injection （DPI） setup which was used to measure the conducted immunity of a 16-b...To promote the modeling standardization process of the integrated circuits, an improved electrical simulation model for a direct power injection （DPI） setup which was used to measure the conducted immunity of a 16-bit microcontroller to radio frequency aggression was investigated. Based on the existing model of the same microcontroller, the PDN module was modified by adding the core, PLL and MD network models, which could reflect the actual electric distribution situation within the microcontroller more accurately. By comparing the simulation results with the measurement results, the effectiveness of the modified model can be improved to 500 MHz, and its uncertainty is within ＋1.8 dB （＋2 dB is acceptable）. Then, to improve the simulation accuracy of the complete model in the high frequency range, the I/O model which contained the dynamic and nonlinear characteristics reflecting the variation of the internal impedance of the microcontroller with increasing the frequency of the external noise was introduced. By comparing the simulation results with the measurement results, the effectiveness of the second modified model can be improved up to 1.4 GHz with the uncertainty of ~1.8 dB. Thus, a conclusion can be reached that the proposed model can be applied to a much wider frequency range with a smaller uncertainty than the latest model of the similar type. Furthermore, associated with the electromagnetic emission testing platform model, the PDN module can also be used to predict the electromagnetic conducted and radiated emission characteristics. This modeling method can also be applied to other integrated circuits, which is very helpful to the standardization of the IC electromagnetic compatibility （EMC） modeling process.展开更多
The sustaining trade surplus in China has arrested more and more attentions and concerns. The industrial structure upgrading and wage rise should have kept down the trend of comparative advantage and surplus growth, b...The sustaining trade surplus in China has arrested more and more attentions and concerns. The industrial structure upgrading and wage rise should have kept down the trend of comparative advantage and surplus growth, but unfortunately in vain. This paper presents a theoretical framework, which is explaining the reason from SBTC induced along by FDI. In the short run, taking some outsourcing linkage home will increase the skill demand, while in the long term, skill supply will increase since the wage rise will incentive the edge skill labour, and therefore, the skill premium increase will be suppressed, comparative advantage and trade surplus sustained.展开更多
Many papers exploiting the various MPPT （maximum power point tracking） techniques in PV （photovoltaic） applications, from the simple to the most complicated, can be found in literature. However, these techniques m...Many papers exploiting the various MPPT （maximum power point tracking） techniques in PV （photovoltaic） applications, from the simple to the most complicated, can be found in literature. However, these techniques may not always be easy to implement in industrial applications. The main challenge of this paper is to model and implement the P ＆ O （perturb and observe） algorithm in a low-cost PV-powered pumping system. To that end, a comparative investigation of the performance characteristics of the most popular MPPT methods, such as FOCV （fractional open circuit voltage）, FSCC （fractional short circuit current）, FLC （fuzzy logic control）, ANN （artificial neural network） and INC （incremental conductance） is presented. This analysis is helpful to highlight the relevance of the P ＆ O technique taking better account of complexity, difficulty of implementation and cost considerations in water pumping applications. The targeted PV-powered pumping system is based on a single-phase induction motor supplied by a three-phase inverter controlled by the DTC （direct torque control） technique. This stand-alone PV system is dedicated to water pumping, especially in rural areas that have no access to national grids but have sufficient amount of solar radiation. Simulation modeling （Matlab/Simulink） and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the relevance of the system.展开更多
基金Project(2007dfa71250) supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperative Program of ChinaProject(20062250) supported by the Doctor Fund of North China Electric Power University, China
文摘To promote the modeling standardization process of the integrated circuits, an improved electrical simulation model for a direct power injection （DPI） setup which was used to measure the conducted immunity of a 16-bit microcontroller to radio frequency aggression was investigated. Based on the existing model of the same microcontroller, the PDN module was modified by adding the core, PLL and MD network models, which could reflect the actual electric distribution situation within the microcontroller more accurately. By comparing the simulation results with the measurement results, the effectiveness of the modified model can be improved to 500 MHz, and its uncertainty is within ＋1.8 dB （＋2 dB is acceptable）. Then, to improve the simulation accuracy of the complete model in the high frequency range, the I/O model which contained the dynamic and nonlinear characteristics reflecting the variation of the internal impedance of the microcontroller with increasing the frequency of the external noise was introduced. By comparing the simulation results with the measurement results, the effectiveness of the second modified model can be improved up to 1.4 GHz with the uncertainty of ~1.8 dB. Thus, a conclusion can be reached that the proposed model can be applied to a much wider frequency range with a smaller uncertainty than the latest model of the similar type. Furthermore, associated with the electromagnetic emission testing platform model, the PDN module can also be used to predict the electromagnetic conducted and radiated emission characteristics. This modeling method can also be applied to other integrated circuits, which is very helpful to the standardization of the IC electromagnetic compatibility （EMC） modeling process.
文摘The sustaining trade surplus in China has arrested more and more attentions and concerns. The industrial structure upgrading and wage rise should have kept down the trend of comparative advantage and surplus growth, but unfortunately in vain. This paper presents a theoretical framework, which is explaining the reason from SBTC induced along by FDI. In the short run, taking some outsourcing linkage home will increase the skill demand, while in the long term, skill supply will increase since the wage rise will incentive the edge skill labour, and therefore, the skill premium increase will be suppressed, comparative advantage and trade surplus sustained.
文摘Many papers exploiting the various MPPT （maximum power point tracking） techniques in PV （photovoltaic） applications, from the simple to the most complicated, can be found in literature. However, these techniques may not always be easy to implement in industrial applications. The main challenge of this paper is to model and implement the P ＆ O （perturb and observe） algorithm in a low-cost PV-powered pumping system. To that end, a comparative investigation of the performance characteristics of the most popular MPPT methods, such as FOCV （fractional open circuit voltage）, FSCC （fractional short circuit current）, FLC （fuzzy logic control）, ANN （artificial neural network） and INC （incremental conductance） is presented. This analysis is helpful to highlight the relevance of the P ＆ O technique taking better account of complexity, difficulty of implementation and cost considerations in water pumping applications. The targeted PV-powered pumping system is based on a single-phase induction motor supplied by a three-phase inverter controlled by the DTC （direct torque control） technique. This stand-alone PV system is dedicated to water pumping, especially in rural areas that have no access to national grids but have sufficient amount of solar radiation. Simulation modeling （Matlab/Simulink） and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the relevance of the system.
