A novel and environmentally friendly route to directly prepare metallic vanadium from NaV03 by molten salt electrolysis is proposed. The feasibility about the direct electro-reduction of NaV03 to metallic vanadi- um i...A novel and environmentally friendly route to directly prepare metallic vanadium from NaV03 by molten salt electrolysis is proposed. The feasibility about the direct electro-reduction of NaV03 to metallic vanadi- um is analyzed based on the thermodynamic calculations and experimental verifications. The theoretical decomposition voltage of NaV03 to metallic vanadium is only 0.47 V at 800 ℃ and much lower than that of the alkali and alkali earth metal chloride salts. The value is slightly higher than that of low-valence vanadium oxides such as V203, V305 and VO. However, the low-valence vanadium oxides can he further electro-reduced to metallic vanadium thermodynamically. The thermodynamic analysis is verified by the experimental results. The direct preparation of metallic vanadium from NaV03 by molten salt electrolysis is feasible.展开更多
A detailed mathematical model of a direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell(DIR-SOFC) incorporating with simulation of chemical and physical processes in the fuel cell is presented. The model is developed based...A detailed mathematical model of a direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell(DIR-SOFC) incorporating with simulation of chemical and physical processes in the fuel cell is presented. The model is developed based on the reforming and electrochemical reaction mechanisms,mass and energy conservation,and heat transfer. A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method is used for solving the complicated multiple partial differential equations(PDEs) to obtain the numerical approximations. The resulting distributions of chemical species concentrations,temperature and current density in a cross-flow DIR-SOFC are given and analyzed in detail. Further,the influence between distributions of chemical species concentrations,temperature and current density during the simulation is illustrated and discussed. The heat and mass transfer,and the kinetics of reforming and electrochemical reactions have significant effects on the parameter distributions within the cell. The results show the particular characteristics of the DIR-SOFC among fuel cells,and can aid in stack design and control.展开更多
This paper presents a novel LMI criterion for electric power system stability with multiple time-delays.Initially,the linear time-invariant model of the power system with multiple delays is constructed,subsequently,th...This paper presents a novel LMI criterion for electric power system stability with multiple time-delays.Initially,the linear time-invariant model of the power system with multiple delays is constructed,subsequently,the former criteria and the novel criterion of this paper are demonstrated in this paper,and the novel criterion is fully proved according to Lyapunov direct method.Specifically,the proposed criterion utilizes a properly simplified Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional,and no free-weighting matrix is introduced in the formation of new criterion,as a consequence,the calculation efficiency is remarkably enhanced.A typical second-order delay system,a single-generator-infinite-bus system and the WSCC 3-generator-9-bus delay system are taken to validate the effectiveness and efficiency enhancement of the proposed criterion.The numerical results indicate that the criterion of this paper can generate the same stability margin with the former ones.Further,the numerical results also verify that the proposed criterion’s efficiency is substantially boosted and calculation time is greatly curtailed.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB632606)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51474200)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion AssociationCAS(2015036)
文摘A novel and environmentally friendly route to directly prepare metallic vanadium from NaV03 by molten salt electrolysis is proposed. The feasibility about the direct electro-reduction of NaV03 to metallic vanadi- um is analyzed based on the thermodynamic calculations and experimental verifications. The theoretical decomposition voltage of NaV03 to metallic vanadium is only 0.47 V at 800 ℃ and much lower than that of the alkali and alkali earth metal chloride salts. The value is slightly higher than that of low-valence vanadium oxides such as V203, V305 and VO. However, the low-valence vanadium oxides can he further electro-reduced to metallic vanadium thermodynamically. The thermodynamic analysis is verified by the experimental results. The direct preparation of metallic vanadium from NaV03 by molten salt electrolysis is feasible.
基金Project (No. 2006AA05Z148) supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China
文摘A detailed mathematical model of a direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cell(DIR-SOFC) incorporating with simulation of chemical and physical processes in the fuel cell is presented. The model is developed based on the reforming and electrochemical reaction mechanisms,mass and energy conservation,and heat transfer. A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method is used for solving the complicated multiple partial differential equations(PDEs) to obtain the numerical approximations. The resulting distributions of chemical species concentrations,temperature and current density in a cross-flow DIR-SOFC are given and analyzed in detail. Further,the influence between distributions of chemical species concentrations,temperature and current density during the simulation is illustrated and discussed. The heat and mass transfer,and the kinetics of reforming and electrochemical reactions have significant effects on the parameter distributions within the cell. The results show the particular characteristics of the DIR-SOFC among fuel cells,and can aid in stack design and control.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51277128,51377117)China Southern Power Grid Science and Technology Projects(Grant No.K-ZD2012-006)
文摘This paper presents a novel LMI criterion for electric power system stability with multiple time-delays.Initially,the linear time-invariant model of the power system with multiple delays is constructed,subsequently,the former criteria and the novel criterion of this paper are demonstrated in this paper,and the novel criterion is fully proved according to Lyapunov direct method.Specifically,the proposed criterion utilizes a properly simplified Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional,and no free-weighting matrix is introduced in the formation of new criterion,as a consequence,the calculation efficiency is remarkably enhanced.A typical second-order delay system,a single-generator-infinite-bus system and the WSCC 3-generator-9-bus delay system are taken to validate the effectiveness and efficiency enhancement of the proposed criterion.The numerical results indicate that the criterion of this paper can generate the same stability margin with the former ones.Further,the numerical results also verify that the proposed criterion’s efficiency is substantially boosted and calculation time is greatly curtailed.
