立体定向适形放射治疗直肠癌(附42例疗效分析)

目的 评价立体定向适形放射治疗对直肠癌病人的局部控制率。方法 42例直肠癌病人均采用立体定向适形放射治疗 ,先行大野治疗 40Gy ,每次 1 8～ 2 0Gy ,每天 1次 ;后缩野加量 2 4～ 2 7Gy ,每次 3 0～4 0Gy ,隔日 1次 ,累积剂量 6 4～ 6 7Gy。 结果 2年生存率 6 4 3% ,局部复发率 1 1 9%。结论 立体定向适形放射治疗提高了病人生存率 ,改善了直肠癌病人生存质量。

直肠腺癌根治术后放射治疗的疗效分析

目的分析局部晚期直肠癌术后放射治疗疗效。方法回顾性分析行直肠癌根治术后、无远处转移的Ⅱ、Ⅲ期直肠腺癌180例。手术加术后放射治疗138例,照射剂量40Gy-60Gy,中位剂量50cGy;单纯手术42例。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法及Logrank法检验。结果全组5年总生存率为56.8%,无瘤生存率为53.9%。术后接受放射治疗组和单纯手术组5年总生存率分别为60.9%和56.7%。5年无瘤生存率分别为63.5%和54.6%,其生存率差异均无显著性意义(P=0.581,P=0.378)。但术后放射治疗使局部复发率明显降低,其与单纯手术组的5年累积局部区域复发率分别为16.6%和29.6%(P=0.047)。结论Ⅱ、Ⅲ期直肠腺癌术后放疗可提高局部控制率,但不能使生存期延长。

Adjuvant therapies for colorectal cancer

The management of colon and rectal cancer has changed dramatically over the last 25 years. The use of adjuvant therapies has become standard practice in locally advanced （stage M and selected stage 11） colorectal cancer. Improved surgical techniques, chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy are resulting in higher cure rates and the development of agents targeting proliferative and angiogenic pathways offer further promise. Here we explore risk factors for local and distant recurrence after resection of colon and rectal cancer, and the role of adjuvant treatments. Discussion will focus on the evidence base for adjuvant therapies utilised in colorectal cancer, and the treatment of sub-groups such as the elderly and stage 11 disease. The role of adjuvant radiotherapy in rectal cancer in reduction of recurrence will be explored and the role and optimal methods for surveillance post-curative resection with or without adjuvant therapy will also be addressed.

Usefulness of two independent hist classifications of tumor regression iUsefulness of two independent histopathological classifications of tumor regression in patients with rectal cancer submitted to hyperfractionated pre-operative radiotherapy

AIM： To assess the usefulness of two independent histopathological classifications of rectal cancer regression following neo-adjuvant therapy. METHODS： Forty patients at the initial stage cT3NxM0 submitted to preoperative radiotherapy （42 Gy during 18 d） and then to radical surgical treatment. The relationship between ＂T-downstaging＂ versus regressive changes expressed by tumor regression grade （TRG 1-5） and Nasierowska-Guttmejer classification （NG 1-3） was studied as well as the relationship between TRG and NG versus local tumor stage ypT and lymph nodes status, ypN. RESULTS： Complete regression （ypT0, TRG 1） was found in one patient. ＂T-downstaging＂ was observed in 11 （27.5%） patients. There was a weak statistical significance of the relationship between ＂T-downstaging＂ and TRG staging and NG stage. Patients with ypT1 were diagnosed as TRG 2-3 while those with ypT3 as TRGS. No lymph node metastases were found in patients with TRG 1-2. None of the patients without lymph node metastases were diagnosed as TRG 5. Patients in the ypT1 stage were NG 1-2. No lymph node metastases were found in NG 1. There was a significant correlation between TRG and NG. CONCLUSION： Histopathological classifications may be useful in the monitoring of the effects of hyperfractionated preoperative radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer at the stage of cT3NxM0. There is no unequivocal relationship between ＂Todownstaging＂ and TRG and NG. There is some concordance in the assessment of lymph node status with ypT, TRG and NG. TRG and NG are of limited value for the risk assessment of the lymph node involvement.

Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy for Rectal Cancer and the Changes in Cancer Multi-biomarkers

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy （3D-CRT） for locally advanced or postoperatively relapsed rectal cancer, and to examine the changes in cancer multi-biomarkers. METHODS Sixty patients with locally advanced or postoperatively relapsed rectal cancer were randomly divided into two groups after 40 Gy external radiation, namely a late-course 3D-CRT group and a conventional radiotherapy group that served as the control. There were 30 patients in each group. For patients in the 3D-CRT group, multi-biomarkers were measured before and after radiotherapy and after relapse. RESULTS Response rates in the 3D-CRT and the control groups were 86.7% （26/30） and 70% （21/30） respectively, without a significant difference （P〉0.05）. The 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 80%, 53.3% and 36.7% in the 3D-CRT group; in the control group the rates were 56.7%, 40% and 13.3% respectively, with a significant difference （P=0.0213）. CEA, CA19-9, CA242 and FER decreased after radiotherapy in the 3D-CRT group, P〈0.01, indicating a significant difference. The values after relapse were higher than those without relapse, P〈0.01, indicating a significant difference. CONCLUSION Conventional radiotherapy with a 3D-CRT boost gives better therapeutic effect to patients with locally advanced or postoperatively locally relapsed rectal cancer. A multi-biomarker protein chip diagnosis system can be utilized as an effective tool to determine the therapeutic effect and prognosis.

Rectal cancer treatment: improving the picture

Multidisciplinary approach for rectal cancer treatment is currently well defined. Nevertheless, new and promising advances are enriching the portrait. Since the US NIH Consensus in the early 90's some new characters have been added. A bird's-eye view along the last decade shows the main milestones in the development of rectal cancer treatment protocols. New drugs, in combination with radiotherapy are being tested to increase response and tumor control outcomes. However, therapeutic intensity is often associated with toxicity. Thus, innovative strategies are needed to create a better-balanced therapeutic ratio. Molecular targeted therapies and improved technology for delivering radiotherapy respond to the need for accuracy and precision in rectal cancer treatment.