水稻杂交后代表观直链淀粉质量分数与蜡质基因(CT)n微卫星多态性的相关性

以来自２ 个水稻杂交组合的后代遗传群体为材料，研究了蜡质基因（ Ｗｘ） 微卫星标记（ＣＴ）ｎ 多态性与稻米表观直链淀粉质量分数（ ｗ（ＡＡ）） 之间的相关性． 第１ 个群体是浙农８０１０ 与嘉育２９３ 的杂交Ｆ６ 代育种品系，双亲均为籼稻，ｗ（ＡＡ） 分别为８ ．７％ 和２５．６ ％ ，Ｗｘ 基因型为分别为（ＣＴ）１８（ＣＴ）１８ 和（ＣＴ）１１（ＣＴ）１１ ．另一群体为ＣＭ１０１ 与ＩＧＲＡ４０９ 杂交Ｆ５ 家系，亲本ＣＭ１０１ 为一个粳型糯稻，Ｗｘ 基因型为（ＣＴ）１８（ＣＴ）１８ ；ＩＧＲＡ４０９ 为籼稻，ｗ（ＡＡ） ＝ ２７．５％ ，Ｗｘ 基因型为（ＣＴ）１１（ＣＴ）１１ ．结果发现，在２ 个杂交组合的后代群体中，高ｗ（ＡＡ） 材料Ｗｘ 基因型均为（ＣＴ）１１（ＣＴ）１１ ，低ｗ（ＡＡ） 及糯稻的均为（ＣＴ）１８（ＣＴ）１８ ，中等ｗ（ＡＡ） 材料的则为（ＣＴ）１８（ＣＴ）１１ 的杂合体．统计分析表明，Ｗｘ 基因型与ｗ（ＡＡ）之间存在显著的相关性，在浙农８０１０×嘉育２９３ 和ＣＭ１０１ ×ＩＧＲＡ４０９ 两个群体中相关系数分别达０ ．９５０９ 和０．９７０４．

玉米单籽粒及单穗籽粒直链淀粉质量分数NIRS模型的建立与验证

籽粒直链淀粉质量分数的快速、无损伤测定是高直链淀粉玉米育种的关键环节。以196份高直链单籽粒和360份高直链单穗玉米籽粒为样本,分别利用碘染色法和一阶导数+标准正态变量变换(SNV)的光谱预处理法,构建单籽粒和单穗籽粒直链淀粉质量分数的NIRS分析模型,并通过分割建模样品化学值变异范围的方法建立2个单穗籽粒的NIRS子模型,以期提高对单穗籽粒样品的预测准确度。结果表明,所建立的4个模型的交叉验证标准偏差(RMSECV)分别为1.805、3.370、2.394、2.408,预测标准偏差(RMSEP)分别为2.017、3.205、2.369、2.596,各项决定系数(R2cal、R2cv、R2val)为0.626 1~0.897 0。表明,所建玉米单籽粒NIRS模型的预测准确度较高,可用于早代玉米单籽粒直链淀粉质量分数的鉴定;单穗NIRS子模型能够在一定程度上弥补单穗NIRS模型在预测准确度上的不足,将总模型与子模型配合使用能提高预测准确度。

糊化条件对检测高直链淀粉中直链淀粉含量的影响

采用以比色法为基础的直链淀粉快速检测方法,研究了淀粉溶液的糊化条件对测定高直链淀粉样品中直链淀粉含量的影响。实验结果表明:在淀粉溶液糊化温度较高时,直链淀粉的单链状聚合物容易被剪切为聚合度较小的分子而部分地失去碘蓝特性,按照GB/T 15683—2008国标方法检测的结果偏低。经过对糊化条件的正交实验和与国标方法的结果比对,得到称样量0.05 g、糊化温度70℃、水浴时间10 min的较优条件。以较优的糊化条件检测了6份高直链淀粉样品的直链淀粉质量分数,相对标准偏差RSD=0.169;在显著水平α=0.05的情况下,其中两个样品的χ^(2)值为2.41和1.88,均小于χ^(20.95(5))=11.070 5,实验的重复性和再现性良好;线性回归及相关性系数R^(2)≥0.999 6。直链淀粉快速检测方法经优化糊化条件后可检测高直链淀粉样品的直链淀粉质量分数,结果更为准确可靠。

Correlation of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Variants in the Leader Sequence of the waxy Gene with Amylose Content of the Grain in Rice

Variation of two simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in the leader region of the waxy gene was analyzed in a sample of 74 accessions, including Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica, japonica and wild rice (O.rufipogon) representing a wide distribution range of amylose content (AC) in cultivated rice. Eight alleles were detected in the (CT) n motif and two alleles were resolved in the (AATT) n motif. The distribution of the alleles of the two SSRs was quite uneven as detected by the (CT) n motif. The repeat numbers of the two SSR motifs, (CT) n and (AATT) n, appeared to be inversely related such that the total length of this region was maintained. AC of the varieties was highly correlated with the length of SSRs. Differences in AC among the various SSR genotypes were statistically highly significant as analyzed using genotypes of both SSR motifs. Although the SSR variation did not seem to have obvious function in the synthesis of the starch synthase encoded by the waxy gene, the almost perfect correlation between the two SSRs and AC level could be used for quality improvement in rice breeding programs.

Analysis of the Conditional Correlations from Different Genetic Systems Between the Protein Content and the Appearance Quality Traits of Indica Rice

A factorial mating design in two environments was conducted using 7 cytoplasmic male sterile lines （A） and 5 restorer lines （R） along with their F1 （A × R） and F2 populations. The unconditional and conditional analyses of genetic models and the corresponding statistic methods, including endospermic, cytoplasmic, and maternal plant genetic systems, were used to analyze the genetic relationships between protein content （PC） and the appearance quality traits of indica rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The results from unconditional analysis indicated that PC was significantly correlated with the appearance quality traits of rice, except for the brown rice thickness （BRT）. Only the genetic covariance between PC and the brown rice width （BRW） was positively correlative, whereas all the other pairwise traits were negatively correlative. The results from conditional analysis revealed that the weight of brown rice （WBR） or the amylose content （AC） could significantly affect the relationships between PC and the appearance quality traits of indica rice. The conditional analysis showed that WBR might negatively affect the relationships between PC and the brown rice length （BRL）, BRW, or BRT through the geuotype x environmental （GE） interaction effects, but positively affected the relationships between PC and the ratio of brown rice length to width （RLW） or the ratio of brown rice length to thickness （RLT）. The amylase content could positively affect the relationships between PC and BRL, RLW, RLT through the cytoplasmic effects and maternal additive effects, but negatively affected the relationships between PC and BRW.

Correlation analysis between major nutritional components and resistant starch content in wheat

With 94 spring wheat cultivars as experimental materials, the correlations between the content of resistant starch （RS） in uncooked flour and cooked flour, and the apparent amylose content （AAC）, protein, lipid were investigated. The results showed that RS contents in both the uncooked flour and cooked flour assumed significantly positive correlation with AAC, and significantly negative cor- relation with protein content; and they were proved to be not significantly correlated with lipid content. RS content in uncooked flour was significantly correlated with that in cooked flour. These results provided references for the genetic improvement of wheat cultivars.

The Differences of Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Northern Japonica Rice in Different Nitrogen Application Patterns

The research performed analysis on differences of physiological property and yield of Tiejing No. 11 by different nitrogen fertilization patterns. The results indicated that while the nitrogen of basal: tillering: panicle was 6 ∶3∶1, the higher amount of nitrogen improved the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic capacity, effective panicle, grain weight and yield; the medium nitrogen level had advantage under the ratio 4:3:3; nitrogen application at lategrowth stage was suitable for low or medium nitrogen level,which could increase photosynthetic capacity and optimize the yield components and increase yield; under the same ratio for basic tiller and ear fertilizer, the increase of nitrogen could improve total nitrogen uptake and protein content, decrease nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and tasting, but nitrogen recovery and harvest index changes had difference; as application at late growth stage in same nitrogen rate, total nitrogen uptake and protein content increased, nitrogen physiological efficiency and milled rice and amylose content and tasting decreased, nitrogen recovery and harvest index increased under low or medium nitrogen level and decreased under high nitrogen level. Nitrogen application 210 kg/hm^2 and the ratio 4 ∶3 ∶3 of basal:tillering: panicle made the yield increase by 2.8%-11.3%, and this is the optimal mode of nitrogen fertilizer application.

Cooking Quality Parameters of Rice Cultivars Grown in Spain

The quality office is complex and made up of many components such as nutritional quality, appearance, cooking quality and eating quality. The cultivar is one of the main factors that could affect to the grain quality office. The aim of this work was to analyze and compare the cooking quality parameters of six different japonica varieties of rice grown in Spain （Senia, Gleva, Bahia, Maratelli, Guadiamar and Bomba）. This work focused on the study of the cooking quality of rice, because it is one of the most important factors related to grain quality in Spain. It was evaluated using five characteristics： amylose content, gel consistency, degree of spreading, gelatinization temperature and pasting parameters. The amylose content ranged from 11.60% to 21.46%, with the Gleva cultivar having the lowest amylose content and with Bomba having the highest. The gel consistency varied between 5.44 cm and 9.81 cm. Regarding the alkali test, the Maratelli cultivar had the highest dispersion and transparency. Maratelli had the lowest gelatinization temperature （61.67±0.08 ℃）, and Senia had the highest gelatinization temperature （67.05±0.02 ℃）. Finally, the pasting parameters showed significant differences among cultivars with different viscosities.