促进和完善社会保险体制——以构建互联网相互保发展模式为出发点的研究

随着民众对保险保障的需求日益上涨,基本社会保障的完善成为了社会逐步关注的焦点,在此基础上本文构建互联网相互保发展模式,以健康保险为突破口,为民众提供覆盖面广、规范合理的保险保障。本文综合运用文献研究法、实例分析法、SWOT分析法等,立足于我国互联网相互保险发展的现实状况,分析互联网相互保的运营模式,根据实例分析出互联网相互保险的实践存在监管难度大、信息披露不充分、成本收益难以平衡等问题,从而构建互联网相互保险的发展模式并提出“区块链+保险”的愿景。

从“相互保”更名事件看保险科技的创新发展及监管问题

文章从"相互保"更名事件分析了保险科技的创新发展及监管问题,指出保险科技对保险产品创新、保险营销和保险公司内部管理等方面带来积极意义的同时,也存有风险更为复杂多维、消费者权益损害升级、数据安全及隐私保护力度不够等风险衍生,最后提出了传统保险行业转型升级发展、运用监管科技防范金融风险等政策建议。

“相互保”:保险新衣下的网络互助

2018年10月,支付宝推出“相互保”重疾保险产品,一时风靡各大社交网络平台。作为一款创新型重疾险产品,除了让人眼睛一亮的保费缴纳机制,“相互保”为了实现预期的商业效果还融入了“相互保险”和“团体保险”等复杂保险架构,让人难以洞察其本质。但仔细分析之后可以发现,“相互保”虽名为保险但实为披着保险外衣的网络互助,在产品架构、监管合规、偿付能力等保险产品核心问题上存在诸多硬伤,隐含着较大的风险和不确定性,参保者的利益难以得到有效保障。“相互保”潜在的参保者应投入更多的理性和谨慎,保险监管机构也应给予足够的重视。

“相互保”商业模式问题分析

支付宝的创新型重疾保险产品“相互保”,一经退出便迅速引爆各大社交网络平台,短短一个月便有数千万用户加入。“相互保”虽名为保险但实为披着保险外衣的网络互助,其产品设计粗糙,保费机制不公平、不合理。为片面追求商业效果,“相互保”在定价问题上涉嫌误导性宣传,其野蛮的商业模式和粗糙的、违背风险管理本质要求的保险定价模式,导致产品整体隐含较大的风险和不确定性,在监管合规、保险实质、商业模式等方面存在诸多硬伤。因此,“相互保”参保者的利益实际难以得到有效保障,潜在的参保者应保持理性和谨慎,保险监管机构也应给予充分重视。

Optimization and coordination model of information system security investment for interdependent risk

The impact of risk correlation on firm＇s investments in information system security is studied by using quantification models combining the ideas of the risk management theory and the game theory. The equilibrium levels of self-protection and insurance coverage under the non- cooperative condition are compared with socially optimal solutions, and the associated coordination mechanisms are proposed. The results show that self-protection investment increases in response to an increase in potential loss when the interdependent risk is small; the interdependent risk of security investments often induce firms to underinvest in security relative to the socially efficient level by ignoring marginal external costs or benefits conferred on others. A subsidy on self-protection investment from the government can help coordinate a firm＇s risk management decision and, thereby, improve individual security level and overall social welfare.

从相互“保”到相互“宝”看我国保险产品创新及监管

随着保险科技的进步和发展,保险业正在被新兴技术重新塑造,保险创新产品也随之增加。相互保便是在互联网背景下对于相互保险的创新。本文通过对相互保事件进行梳理,同时将其与相互保险与重疾险进行对比,分析我国保险产品创新现状及存在的问题,针对不同主体提出建议。

Interactions between γ-TiAl melt and Y_2O_3 ceramic material during directional solidification process

A γ-TiAl alloy with nominal composition of Ti-47%Al（molar fraction） was directionally solidified in an alumina mould with an Y2O3 protective coating.The effects of processing parameters（melting temperature and interaction time） on the metal-coating interface,microstructure and chemical composition of the alloy were evaluated.The result shows that the Y2O3 protective coating exhibits an effective barrier capability to avoid direct contact between the mould base material and the TiAl melt,although the Y2O3 coating is found to suffer some erosion and be slightly dissolved by the molten TiAl due to the coating-metal interactions.The directionally solidified alloys were contaminated with Y and O,and Y2O3 inclusions were dispersed in the metal matrix.The reason for this metal contamination is the Y2O3 coating dissolution by the TiAl melt.One mode of the interaction between Y2O3 and the TiAl melt is dissolution of yttrium and atomic oxygen in the melt by reaction Y2O3（s）=2Y（in TiAl melt）＋3O（in TiAl melt）.Both the extent of alloy contamination and the volume fractions of Y2O3 inclusions depend on the melting temperature and the interaction time.

Effects of soil and water conservation and its interactions with soil properties on soil productivity

The effects of soil and water conservation （SWC） on soil properties are well documented. However, definitive and quantitative information of SWC and its interactions with soil properties on soil productivity is lacking for hilly red soil region of southern China. Experiments were conducted in the hilly red soil region of southern China for seven years in three rtmoffplots, each of which represented different SWC forest-grass measures. Principal component analysis and multiple regression techniques were used to relate the aboveground biomass （representing soil productivity） to soil properties. Based on the final regression equations, soil organic carbon content （Sot） is significantly correlated with soil productivity under the condition of forest-grass measures, whereas pH value and cation exchange capacity （Cee） are the main factors for soil productivity without SWC. Therefore, SWC plays an important role in sequestering Soc and improving soil productivity.

Entanglement and Fidelity of a Spin Ladder with Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya Interaction

The spin ladder with Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction is investigated by using the quantum renormalization-group method.The entanglement and fidelity are periodic functions of the time and oscillate between zero and one.The oscillation period decreases with either the interaction in the spin ladder or the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction increasing.When the system relates to the environment,both entanglement and fidelity oscillate with a damping rate related to intrinsic decoherence rate,the interaction in the spin ladder,and the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction.

Wave Interaction with a Partially Reflecting Vertical Wall Protected by a Submerged Porous Bar

This study gives an analytical solution for wave interaction with a partially reflecting vertical wall protected by a submerged porous bar based on linear potential theory. The whole study domain is divided into multiple sub-regions in relation to the structures. The velocity potential in each sub-region is written as a series solution by the separation of variables. A partially reflecting boundary condition is used to describe the partial reflection of a vertical wall. Unknown expansion coefficients in the series solutions are determined by matching velocity potentials among different sub-regions. The analytical solution is verified by an independently developed multi-domain boundary element method(BEM) solution and experimental data. The wave run-up and wave force on the partially reflecting vertical wall are estimated and examined, which can be effectively reduced by the submerged porous bar. The horizontal space between the vertical wall and the submerged porous bar is a key factor, which affects the sheltering function of the porous bar. The wave resonance between the porous bar and the vertical wall may disappear when the vertical wall has a low reflection coefficient. The present analytical solution may be used to determine the optimum parameters of structures at a preliminary engineering design stage.

Atomistic simulation of dynamical and defect properties of multiferroic hexagonal YMnO_3

Atomistic simulation has been performed to investigate the dynamical and defect properties of multiferroic hexagonal YMnO3 with newly developed interaction potentials. Dynamical calculation reveals that phonon vibrations of hexagonal YMnO3 are quite different from those of orthorhombic YMnO3. Defect calculation finds that O Frenkel is the most probable intrinsic disorder, and Mn antisite defect is favorable to exist, especially for Mn ions entering the Y2 sites. It is also found that holes prefer to localize at O2sites rather than at Mn3+ sites, while the electron can be localized at the Mn3+ site. The disproportionation of Mn3+ ions is unlikely to occur in hexagonal YMnO3.