大口径射电望远镜相位阵馈源关键技术研究

馈源作为射电天文望远镜的关键部件,其性能至关重要。面向新疆奇台QTT 110 m射电望远镜和上海天马65 m射电望远镜相位阵馈源设计需求,本研究团队开展了抗射频干扰的高温超导滤波器、宽带Vivaldi天线阵列和低噪声GaAs MMIC芯片电路的研究工作。这些新型馈源技术、方案可为我国大口径射电望远镜的设计提供有效的理论与实验基础。

全制冷相位阵馈源杜瓦设计和传热分析

相位阵馈源是射电天文的新型馈源技术之一。采用相位阵馈源能有效提高射电望远镜的巡天速度。通过制冷可以降低系统噪声温度,进一步提高望远镜的整体性能。针对即将应用于500m口径球面射电望远镜的相位阵馈源进行大尺度真空制冷杜瓦设计研究。根据相位阵馈源馈电单元阵列形状,设计真空窗和支承结构,并通过理论计算和有限元仿真来分析杜瓦内热负载情况,完成制冷机的冷头选择,以满足相位阵馈源馈电单元温度为70K和低噪声放大器温度为20K的制冷温度要求。该杜瓦设计与传热分析方法可为未来全制冷相位阵馈源的研制积累经验和实验数据。

耦合锁相环阵列相位模型

耦合锁相环(CPLLA)阵列被提出可用于实现新型的相位阵。对耦合PLL阵列的相位非线性微分方程组进行了研究,分析了其稳态解。为了深入研究阵列的动力学行为,提出了一种简化的阵列相位连续模型并通过傅立叶级数法求得了解。通过对该模型研究表明通过调节阵列边界振荡器单元自由谐振频率,可在振荡器之间形成线性的相位分布和多波束的形成,实现无移相器的波束扫描。文中还给出了两单元耦合锁相环阵的实验电路。

相位共轭天线阵研究

基于广义相位共轭条件,研究了相位共轭天线阵实现方向回溯功能的原理,详细分析了射频混频和中频混频两种实现方式的工作方式并讨论了各自的优缺点。理论推导了相位共轭天线阵的远场表达式,提出了射频泄漏系数的概念,仿真研究了射频泄漏系数对方向回溯场的影响,为方向回溯天线阵的进一步研究奠定了基础。

一种基于质量因子的多波束测深声呐多子阵相位检测方法

由于子阵划分方式不同和海洋环境噪声影响,多波束测深声呐在边缘波束难以获取高质量相位差曲线,导致过零点检测产生较大误差。针对上述问题本文提出一种基于质量因子的多子阵相位检测方法。首先,通过理论推导分析了子阵阵元重叠会导致相位差估计量在低信噪比时出现偏差,为避免该偏差本文采用子阵之间无阵元重叠的多子阵划分方式。其次,根据最大化最小准则优化子阵间距,利用多个子阵实现相位差曲线解模糊。再次,推导二阶多项式拟合相位差曲线时质量因子的表达式,并以质量因子为评价准则对相位差曲线上的数据进行选取。最后,设计基于递推最小二乘的相位差序列提取算法以提高计算效率。仿真结果表明,本文所提子阵划分方式能够实现相位差曲线的无偏估计,利用多子阵提高了解模糊稳健性,在边缘波束获得了比方位偏差指示法和分裂波束法更小的测深误差。实验数据进一步验证了本文所提方法具有较好的工程实用性。

阵元间互耦和幅度/相位失配参数的联合估计

针对阵列信号处理中存在的阵元间互耦和阵元幅度/相位失配的问题,提出了一种适用于任意阵列结构的估计算法。该算法使用一个辅助信号源,从不同方向分时发射信号,发射方向的个数决定于阵列中的阵元个数。算法能够利用信号子空间与噪声子空间的正交特性同时求解阵元间互耦系数和阵元幅度/相位失配参数。计算机仿真实验结果证明了该算法的正确性和有效性。

多波束测深系统多子阵检测法的改进及其性能分析

多波束测深系统中,相位检测法是实现超宽覆盖测量的关键技术之一。分析了分裂子阵相位检测法和多子阵检测法,并基于对子阵结构的分析,改进了多子阵检测法,给出了多子阵检测法输出信噪比的表达式,讨论了子阵结构对输出信噪比的影响,在理论分析基础上选择了三种子阵结构对海上试验数据进行了处理,验证了分析结果。处理结果表明,在优化参数基础上,多子阵检测法不但可实现多波束测深系统的超宽覆盖,而且可改善系统对海底的检测性能。

圆阵测向Butler矩阵网络和电路设计

文中给出了宽频带线性相位多模圆阵测向技术中天线馈电网络(Butler矩阵)的网络扩阵设计方法和实际矩阵电路研制中应注意的一些技术细节。提出了单向矩阵扩阵设计方法,使扩阵设计过程简单明了,给出的高阶圆阵测向矩阵所含微波微分移相器数量、种类及相移量较传统方法显著减少,有利于提高实际矩阵的幅相精度,降低矩阵的插入损耗。文中也介绍了提高矩阵部件耦合带状线正交电桥、功分器、微分移相器等微波元器件性能的一些方法以及实际矩阵电路设计装配调试方面应注意的一些问题。

“SKA建设准备阶段关键问题研究”项目立项报告

该报告在SKA科学目标预研究、天线研究、宽频带大视场接收机系统研究等方面,设立相应研究,针对性地开展相关的射电天文前沿科学和高技术研究。在SKA科学目标与研究方面,主要围绕宇宙再电离、暗能量与暗物质本质、河外射电源、SKA核心数据处理技术等课题开展预研究,同时组织国内射电天文界的相关力量,逐步凝练并形成中国SKA早期科学目标,并在此过程中,逐步发展国内的SKA科学研究团队。同时,将实施中国SKA人才培养计划,为我国未来SKA科学研究进行人才储备建设。在天线阵列研究方面,开展高频段口径15 m天线的天线理论、机械结构、馈电系统,以及大批量、低成本、高可靠性的天线研制技术研究。在宽频带大视场接收机技术方面,开展SKA先进仪器计划中的宽频带单波束接收机和相位阵技术研究,为SKA和国内大口径射电望远镜做相应技术储备。该项目拟基于大学、研究所和工业界现有研究队伍,以产学研合作的方式,培养、发展和壮大我国参与SKA未来建设和科学运行团队。

“反射面天线与焦面场分析”一般性科技报告

SKA的反射面天线覆盖约300 MHz^20 GHz频率范围,宽带单波束馈源和大视场相位阵馈源的使用将有可能对SKA天线的技术方案和综合性能的提高起到重要的作用。该研究拟研究用于SKA反射面天线的宽带单波束馈源和相位阵馈源。SKA的宽带单波束馈源(WBSPF)分两个波段,低频段覆盖约300 MHz^2 GHz,高频段覆盖1.6~10 GHz。课题组目前负责牵头研究宽带单波束馈源中的低频段馈源的研制工作。该课题将研究基于Eleven Feed和Quad-Ridged Flared Horn两种技术的宽带馈源,低噪声放大器和制冷技术方案。宽带单波束馈源技术也可应用于大口径射电望远镜。该研究还将研究用于大口径射电望远镜的相位阵馈源技术,用于提升大口径望远镜的总体性能,如提高巡天效率和单波束增益,开展电指向观测等灵活的观察模式试验。该技术报告主要介绍几类反射面天线的焦面场的仿真分析,和馈源设计中的焦面场共轭匹配的设计原则。这些焦面场的分析为馈源设计提供了重要的技术输入。

Design,Fabrication,and Testing of Single-Side Alignment of 16×0.8nm Arrayed-Waveguide Grating

A novel design of 100GHz-spaced 16channel arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) based on silica-on-silicon chip is reported.AWG is achieved by adding a Y-branch to the AWG and arranging the input/output channel in a neat row,so the whole configuration can be aligned and packaged using only one fiber-array.This configuration can decrease the device’s size,enlarge the minimum radius of curvature,save time on polishing and alignment,and reduce the chip’s fabrication cost.

方向回溯天线理论研究

从天线阵的一般模型出发，理论研究了方向回溯天线的实现条件，提出了广义相位共轭条件，统一分析了VanAtta阵和相位共轭阵（PON阵）两种典型方向回溯天线阵的工作原理，比较了两种天线阵列的优缺点。理论推导并给出方向回溯天线阵的单站和双站雷达散射截面的表达式，为方向回溯天线阵的进一步研究奠定了基础。

Joint DOA Estimation and Phase Calibration for Synchronous CDMA with Decorrelator

A joint direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and phase calibration for synchronous CDMA system with decorrelator are presented. Through decorrelating processing DOAs of the desired users can be estimated independently and all other resolved signal interferences are eliminated. Emphasis is directed to applications in which sensor phases may be in error. It is shown that accurate phase calibration in conjunction with their use in high resolution DOA estimation can be achieved for the decoupled signals.

Phase aberration correction in ultrasonic phased array non-destructive testing systems

Phase aberration correction for medical ultrasound systems has attracted a great deal of attention. Since phased array techniques are now widely employed for industrial non-destructive testing （NDT） applications in various fields, the problem of phase aberrations in the process of NDT testing is considered. The technique of cross-covariance for phase aberration correction is presented. The performance of the technique for phase aberration correction is tested by means of echo signals obtained in practical non-destructive testing experiment. The results show that the technique has the better accuracy of phase correction.

New digital drive phase control for improving bias stability of silicon MEMS gyroscope

In order to improve the bias stability of the micro-electro mechanical system（MEMS） gyroscope and reduce the impact on the bias from environmental temperature,a digital signal processing method is described for improving the accuracy of the drive phase in the gyroscope drive mode.Through the principle of bias signal generation,it can be concluded that the deviation of the drive phase is the main factor affecting the bias stability.To fulfill the purpose of precise drive phase control,a digital signal processing circuit based on the field-programmable gate array（FPGA） with the phase-lock closed-loop control method is described and a demodulation method for phase error suppression is given.Compared with the analog circuit,the bias drift is largely reduced in the new digital circuit and the bias stability is improved from 60 to 19 °/h.The new digital control method can greatly increase the drive phase accuracy,and thus improve the bias stability.

Azimuthal cement evaluation with an acoustic phased-arc array transmitter:numerical simulations and field tests

We developed a novel cement evaluation logging tool,named the azimuthally acoustic bond tool（AABT）,which uses a phased-arc array transmitter with azimuthal detection capability.We combined numerical simulations and field tests to verify the AABT tool.The numerical simulation results showed that the radiation direction of the subarray corresponding to the maximum amplitude of the first arrival matches the azimuth of the channeling when it is behind the casing.With larger channeling size in the circumferential direction,the amplitude difference of the casing wave at different azimuths becomes more evident.The test results showed that the AABT can accurately locate the casing collars and evaluate the cement bond quality with azimuthal resolution at the casing-cement interface,and can visualize the size,depth,and azimuth of channeling.In the case of good casingcement bonding,the AABT can further evaluate the cement bond quality at the cementformation interface with azimuthal resolution by using the amplitude map and the velocity of the formation wave.

拖船噪声信号重构及抵消方法中的经验模态分解算法

拖曳线列阵声呐性能受到多种因素的影响,其中最主要的是拖船辐射噪声和海洋环境噪声。其中,拖线阵声呐受拖船辐射噪声影响最明显,已经到了必须要解决的地步,不然其无法发挥其检测通过尾流自导方式接近的威胁的作用。本文将着重研究影响连续单频信号的1/4波长,以及分裂阵互谱相位差的特性,并据此提出基于矩阵元素的解决方法。

Design of a 4.224GHz Quadrature LC-VCO

A 4. 224GHz quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator （QVCO） applied in MB-OFDM UWB synthesizers is implemented in 0.18μm RF-CMOS technology. An improved structure of the QVCO is presented for better phase noise. A novel configuration of a MOS varactor is designed for good linearity of K as well as a new digital capacitor controlled array topology with lower parasitic capacitance and lower Ron. Measurement results show a phase noise of - 90.4dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset and - 116.7dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from a carrier close to 4. 224GHz. The power dissipation is 10. 55mW from a 1.8V supply.

Sensor array calibration for uniform rectangular array in presence of mutual coupling and sensor gain-and-phase errors

The sensor array calibration methods tailored to uniform rectangular array(URA)in the presence of mutual coupling and sensor gain-and-phase errors were addressed.First,the mutual coupling model of the URA was studied,and then a set of steering vectors corresponding to distinct locations were numerically computed with the help of several time-disjoint auxiliary sources with known directions.Then,the optimization modeling with respect to the array error matrix(defined by the product of mutual coupling matrix and sensor gain-and-phase errors matrix)was constructed.Two preferable algorithms(called algorithm I and algorithm II)were developed to minimize the cost function.In algorithm I,the array error matrix was regarded as a whole parameter to be estimated,and the exact solution was available.Compared to some existing algorithms with the similar computation framework,algorithm I can make full use of the potentially linear characteristics of URA's error matrix,thus,the calibration precision was obviously enhanced.In algorithm II,the array error matrix was decomposed into two matrix parameters to be optimized.Compared to algorithm I,it can further decrease the number of unknowns and,thereby,yield better estimation accuracy.However,algorithm II was incapable of producing the closed-form solution and the iteration operation was unavoidable.Simulation results validate the excellent performances of the two novel algorithms compared to some existing calibration algorithms.

Phase Transitions of a Dilute O（n） Model

We investigate tricritical behavior of the O(n) model in two dimensions by means of transfer-matrix and finite-size scaling methods. For this purpose we consider an O(n) symmetric spin model on the honeycomb lattice with vacancies; the tricritical behavior is associated with the percolation threshold of the vacancies. The vacancies are represented by face variables on the elementary hexagons of thelattice. We apply a mapping of the spin degrees of freedom model on a non-intersecting-loop model, in which the number n of spin components assumes the role of a continuously variable parameter. This loop model serves as a suitable basis for the construction of the transfer matrix.Our results reveal the existence of a tricritical line, parametrized by n, which connects the known universality classes of the tricritical Ising model and the theta point describing the collapse of a polymer. On the other side of theIsing point,the tricritical line extends to the n = 2 point describing a tricritical O(2) model.