In order to research engineering geological properties of the soil in Zhenlai of western Jilin, especially the dispersivity of soil, the authors carried out the basic physicocbemical test and dispersivity identificati...In order to research engineering geological properties of the soil in Zhenlai of western Jilin, especially the dispersivity of soil, the authors carried out the basic physicocbemical test and dispersivity identification test. The results show that the dispersivity of the soil increases with the increase of depth within 0-30 cm （surface soil） ; it decreases as the depth increases within in 30-100 cm. Furthermore, the statistical analysis of the dispersivity indexes and physicochemical propertity indexes show that the DP is positively linear correlated with total soluble salt content, sodium ion content, ESP, pH and organic matter content. Meanwhile, it is negatively linear correlated with clay content, and the linear relationship is better. Through the study of the dispersion mechanism of soil samples, it can be concluded that sodium montmorillonite, higher percentage of exchangeable sodium and high pH are the main reasons for the dispersion of soils in western Jilin.展开更多
AIM:To explore the anti-inflammatory potential of adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of Tregitope 167 in an experimental colitis model.METHODS:The trinitrobenzene sulfonate(TNBS) model of induced colitis was use...AIM:To explore the anti-inflammatory potential of adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of Tregitope 167 in an experimental colitis model.METHODS:The trinitrobenzene sulfonate(TNBS) model of induced colitis was used in Balb/c mice.Subsequently after intravenous adeno-associated virusmediated regulatory T-cell epitopes(Tregitope) delivery,acute colitis was initiated by intra-rectal administration of 1.5 mg TNBS in 40% ethanol followed by a second treatment with TNBS(0.75 mg in 20% ethanol) 8 d later.Control groups included mice not treated with TNBS(healthy control group) and mice treated by TNBS only(diseased group).At the time of sacrifice colon weight,the disease activity index and histology damage score were determined.Immunohistochemical staining of the colonic tissues was performed to asses the cellular infiltrate and the presence of transcription factor forkhead Box-P3(Foxp3).Thymus,mesenteric lymph nodes,liver and spleen tissue were collected and the corresponding lymphocyte populations were further assessed by flow cytometry analysis for the expression of CD4+ T cell and regulatory T cell associated markers.RESULTS:The Tregitope 167 treated mice gained an average of 4% over their initial body weight at the time of sacrifice.In contrast,the mice treated with TNBS alone(no Tregitope) developed colitis,and lost 4% of their initial body weight at the time of sacrifice(P < 0.01).The body weight increase that had been observed in the mice pre-treated with Tregitope 167 was substantiated by a lower disease activity index and a decreased colon weight as compared to the diseased control group(P < 0.01 and P < 0.001,respectively).Immunohistochemical staining of the colonic tissues for CD4+ showed that inflammatory cell infiltrates were present in TNBS treated mice with or without administration with tregitope 167 and that these cellular infiltrates consisted mainly of CD4+ cells.For both TNBS treated groups CD4+ T cell infiltrates were observed in the sub-epithelial layer and the lamina propria.CD4+ T cell infiltrates were also present in the muscularis mucosa layer of the diseased control mice,but were absent in the Tregitope 167 treated group.Numerous Foxp3 positive cells were detected in the lamina propria and sub-epithelium of the colon sections from mice treated with Tregitope 167.Furthermore,the Foxp3 and glycoprotein A repetitions predominant markers were significantly increased in the CD4+ T lymphocyte population in the thymus of the mice pre-treated with adeno-associated virus serotype 5(cytomegalovirus promoter-Tregitope 167),as cytomegalovirus promoter compared to lymphocyte populations in the thymus of diseased and the healthy control mice(P < 0.05 and P < 0.001,respectively).CONCLUSION:This study identifies adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of regulatory T-cell epitope 167 as a novel anti-inflammatory approach with the capacity to decrease intestinal inflammation and induce longterm remission in inflammatory bowel disease.展开更多
Spiral waves have been observed in the biological experiments on rat cortex perfused with drugs which can block inhibitory synapse and switch neuron excitability from type II to type I. To simulate the spiral waves ob...Spiral waves have been observed in the biological experiments on rat cortex perfused with drugs which can block inhibitory synapse and switch neuron excitability from type II to type I. To simulate the spiral waves observed in the experiment, the spatiotemporal patterns are investigated in a network composed of neurons with type I and II excitabilities and excitatory coupling. Spiral waves emerge when the percentage(p) of neurons with type I excitability in the network is at middle levels, which is dependent on the coupling strength. Compared with other spatial patterns which appear at different p values, spiral waves exhibit optimal spatial correlation at a certain spatial frequency, implying the occurrence of spatial coherence resonance-like phenomenon. Some dynamical characteristics of the network such as mean firing frequency and synchronous degree can be well interpreted with distinct properties between type I excitability and type II excitability. The results not only identify dynamics of spiral waves in neuronal networks composed of neurons with different excitabilities, but also are helpful to understanding the emergence of spiral waves observed in the biological experiment.展开更多
基金Project supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40672180)The Open Fund of Geological Disaster Prevention and Geology Environmental Protection of National Professional Laboratory of Chengdu University of Technology.(No. GZ2004 -08)International Cooperation Project of NSFC(No.40911120044)
文摘In order to research engineering geological properties of the soil in Zhenlai of western Jilin, especially the dispersivity of soil, the authors carried out the basic physicocbemical test and dispersivity identification test. The results show that the dispersivity of the soil increases with the increase of depth within 0-30 cm （surface soil） ; it decreases as the depth increases within in 30-100 cm. Furthermore, the statistical analysis of the dispersivity indexes and physicochemical propertity indexes show that the DP is positively linear correlated with total soluble salt content, sodium ion content, ESP, pH and organic matter content. Meanwhile, it is negatively linear correlated with clay content, and the linear relationship is better. Through the study of the dispersion mechanism of soil samples, it can be concluded that sodium montmorillonite, higher percentage of exchangeable sodium and high pH are the main reasons for the dispersion of soils in western Jilin.
基金Supported by Grant from the Broad Medical Research Program of The Broad Foundation,No. IBD-029 5R
文摘AIM:To explore the anti-inflammatory potential of adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of Tregitope 167 in an experimental colitis model.METHODS:The trinitrobenzene sulfonate(TNBS) model of induced colitis was used in Balb/c mice.Subsequently after intravenous adeno-associated virusmediated regulatory T-cell epitopes(Tregitope) delivery,acute colitis was initiated by intra-rectal administration of 1.5 mg TNBS in 40% ethanol followed by a second treatment with TNBS(0.75 mg in 20% ethanol) 8 d later.Control groups included mice not treated with TNBS(healthy control group) and mice treated by TNBS only(diseased group).At the time of sacrifice colon weight,the disease activity index and histology damage score were determined.Immunohistochemical staining of the colonic tissues was performed to asses the cellular infiltrate and the presence of transcription factor forkhead Box-P3(Foxp3).Thymus,mesenteric lymph nodes,liver and spleen tissue were collected and the corresponding lymphocyte populations were further assessed by flow cytometry analysis for the expression of CD4+ T cell and regulatory T cell associated markers.RESULTS:The Tregitope 167 treated mice gained an average of 4% over their initial body weight at the time of sacrifice.In contrast,the mice treated with TNBS alone(no Tregitope) developed colitis,and lost 4% of their initial body weight at the time of sacrifice(P < 0.01).The body weight increase that had been observed in the mice pre-treated with Tregitope 167 was substantiated by a lower disease activity index and a decreased colon weight as compared to the diseased control group(P < 0.01 and P < 0.001,respectively).Immunohistochemical staining of the colonic tissues for CD4+ showed that inflammatory cell infiltrates were present in TNBS treated mice with or without administration with tregitope 167 and that these cellular infiltrates consisted mainly of CD4+ cells.For both TNBS treated groups CD4+ T cell infiltrates were observed in the sub-epithelial layer and the lamina propria.CD4+ T cell infiltrates were also present in the muscularis mucosa layer of the diseased control mice,but were absent in the Tregitope 167 treated group.Numerous Foxp3 positive cells were detected in the lamina propria and sub-epithelium of the colon sections from mice treated with Tregitope 167.Furthermore,the Foxp3 and glycoprotein A repetitions predominant markers were significantly increased in the CD4+ T lymphocyte population in the thymus of the mice pre-treated with adeno-associated virus serotype 5(cytomegalovirus promoter-Tregitope 167),as cytomegalovirus promoter compared to lymphocyte populations in the thymus of diseased and the healthy control mice(P < 0.05 and P < 0.001,respectively).CONCLUSION:This study identifies adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of regulatory T-cell epitope 167 as a novel anti-inflammatory approach with the capacity to decrease intestinal inflammation and induce longterm remission in inflammatory bowel disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11372224&11572225)
文摘Spiral waves have been observed in the biological experiments on rat cortex perfused with drugs which can block inhibitory synapse and switch neuron excitability from type II to type I. To simulate the spiral waves observed in the experiment, the spatiotemporal patterns are investigated in a network composed of neurons with type I and II excitabilities and excitatory coupling. Spiral waves emerge when the percentage(p) of neurons with type I excitability in the network is at middle levels, which is dependent on the coupling strength. Compared with other spatial patterns which appear at different p values, spiral waves exhibit optimal spatial correlation at a certain spatial frequency, implying the occurrence of spatial coherence resonance-like phenomenon. Some dynamical characteristics of the network such as mean firing frequency and synchronous degree can be well interpreted with distinct properties between type I excitability and type II excitability. The results not only identify dynamics of spiral waves in neuronal networks composed of neurons with different excitabilities, but also are helpful to understanding the emergence of spiral waves observed in the biological experiment.
