Tongue image feature correlation analysis in benign lung nodules and lung cancer

Objective To analyze the differences in the correlation of tongue image indicators among patients with benign lung nodules and lung cancer.Methods From July 1;2020 to March 31;2022;clinical information of lung cancer patients and benign lung nodules patients was collected at the Oncology Department of Longhua Hos-pital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Physical Ex-amination Center of Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chi-nese Medicine;respectively.We obtained tongue images from patients with benign lung nod-ules and lung cancer using the TFDA-1 digital tongue diagnosis instrument;and analyzed these images with the TDAS V2.0 software.The extracted indicators included color space pa-rameters in the Lab system for both the tongue body(TB)and tongue coating(TC)(TB/TC-L;TB/TC-a;and TB/TC-b);textural parameters[TB/TC-contrast(CON);TB/TC-angular second moment(ASM);TB/TC-entropy(ENT);and TB/TC-MEAN];as well as TC parameters(perAll and perPart).The bivariate correlation of TB and TC features was analyzed using Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlation analysis;and the overall correlation was analyzed using canonical correlation analysis(CCA).Results Samples from 307 patients with benign lung nodules and 276 lung cancer patients were included after excluding outliers and extreme values.Simple correlation analysis indi-cated that the correlation of TB-L with TC-L;TB-b with TC-b;and TB-b with perAll in lung cancer group was higher than that in benign nodules group.Moreover;the correlation of TB-a with TC-a;TB-a with perAll;and the texture parameters of the TB(TB-CON;TB-ASM;TB-ENT;and TB-MEAN)with the texture parameters of the TC(TC-CON;TC-ASM;TC-ENT;and TC-MEAN)in benign nodules group was higher than lung cancer group.CCA further demon-strated a strong correlation between the TB and TC parameters in lung cancer group;with the first and second pairs of typical variables in benign nodules and lung cancer groups indicat-ing correlation coefficients of 0.918 and 0.817(P<0.05);and 0.940 and 0.822(P<0.05);re-spectively.Conclusion Benign lung nodules and lung cancer patients exhibited differences in correla-tion in the L;a;and b values of the TB and TC;as well as the perAll value of the TC;and the texture parameters(TB/TC-CON;TB/TC-ASM;TB/TC-ENT;and TB/TC-MEAN)between the TB and TC.Additionally;there were differences in the overall correlation of the TB and TC be-tween the two groups.Objective tongue diagnosis indicators can effectively assist in the diag-nosis of benign lung nodules and lung cancer;thereby providing a scientific basis for the ear-ly detection;diagnosis;and treatment of lung cancer.

祁连山自然保护区植被对气候变化的响应

基于2001-2019年MODIS数据与1985-2019年祁连山自然保护区内部及毗邻区41个气象站点逐日数据判断保护区归一化植被指数(NDVI)与气温、降水的变化,应用Pearson相关分析法探讨不同时间尺度植被对气候变化的响应.结果表明, 35 a来祁连山自然保护区年、季平均气温及降水量均不同程度上升,保护区呈暖湿化发展;19 a来保护区年、季尺度的NDVI皆呈升高趋势,植被改善区占保护区面积的61.9%,主要分布于保护区北部.年、季尺度NDVI与气温均呈正相关关系,与降水量之间有正相关与负相关的区域差异,说明NDVI对气温变化更敏感,气温是保护区植被变化的主导因素. NDVI对气候要素的响应的区域差异表现为:年尺度上,保护区85.5%与68.8%的区域NDVI分别与气温及降水量呈正相关,其中59.8%的区域重合,说明该区域的NDVI发展受气温和降水共同驱动;季尺度上,保护区春、夏、秋季分别有80.6%、77.3%、83.8%区域的NDVI与同季气温呈正相关,分别有71%、72.7%和59.2%区域的NDVI与同季降水量呈正相关,其中重合区域占保护区比例分别为57.8%、56.4%和58.8%,说明保护区有50%的区域植被发展受气温和降水的共同影响.

Correlation Analysis of SPAD Value with Chlorophyll Content and Economic Yield Traits of Brassica napus L.

[Objective] The aim was to compare differences of SPAD value, chloro- phyll content, agronomic characters, economic characters and yield traits to analyze correlation of SPAD value with other indices and establish regression functions. [Method] Based on 34 Brassica napus L. varieties, SPAD value, chlorophyll content, agronomic characters, economic characters and yield traits were measured and re- gression functions were established according to correlations. [Result] SPAD value, chlorophyll content, agronomic and economic characters and yield traits all achieved significant level in differences among 34 varieties. Specifically, SPAD value was of extremely significant correlation with chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid, and the correlation from high to low was chl-b〉chl-z〉chl-a〉chl-x. SPAD value was of significantly positive correlation with total pod number per plant, plant height, seed number per pod, yield per plant and harvest yield, and of insignificant correlation with branch point height, effective branch number, pod density of main stem, and pod length. [Conclusion] It is simple and rapid to predict chlorophyll con- tent, economic characters and yields of Brassica napus L. with SPAD value and re- gression functions.

Analysis on the Main Botanical Characters of 41 Cucurbita moschata Varieties

In order to scientifically evaluate the values of Cucurbita moschata cultivars, main botanical characters including the initial flowering date, the first fruiting node, fruit length, fruit stem length, stem diameter, internode length, the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the largest leaf, single fruit weight, flesh thickness and soluble solid content of 41 cultivars were measured for conducting diversity, correlation and cluster analysis. The results revealed that the pumpkin cultivars showed large variations in fruit stem length, single fruit weight, fruit length and flesh thickness, but small variations in initial flowering date. Significant, even highly significant correlations were found among the tested traits. Cluster analysis demonstrated that the 41 old Cucurbita moschata cultivars were divided into three groups, of which multiple traits of Group 1 were better than those in the other two groups. High similarities existed in three groups and the cultivars in each group. This research provided basis for selecting excellent traits and parents for the breeding of hybrids.

Analysis of Correlation between Yield and Quality Traits of Quality Hybrid Rapeseed

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the correlation between yield and quality traits of rape. [Method] Taking ＂Sanbei 98＂ and ＂Youyan 599＂ as ex- periment materials, correlation between yield and quality traits of Brassica napus L. cultivars was explored by orthogonal rotation method. [Result] The results showed that： 1 In both the two varieties-Sanbei98 and Youyan599, erucic acid content had the largest coefficient of variation, but its average content was lower than 2% in both the two varieties （0.90% in Sanbei98 and 1.24% in Youyan599）, and the palmitic acid content had the smallest coefficient of variation. 2 In terms of the dif- ferences in quality traits at different yield levels, only the mean of eicosenoic acid content revealed significant difference in Sanbei98, and only the mean of seed-pro- tein content revealed significant difference in Youyan599, and there was no signifi- cant difference in any combined quality traits in both the two varieties. 3 The yield was negatively correlated with the erucic acid content or oil content, and posi- tively correlated with the content of seed-protein, linoleic acid, or linolenic acid, and the coefficient of correlation between the yield and either of the contents of glucosi- nolates, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and eicosenoic acid was smaller. ~, when the yield of a variety increased considerably, there was a certain decreasing trend in erucic acid content, oil content, the total amount of erucic chain fatty acids （El ＆ Er）, while there was an increasing trend in seed-protein content, linoleic acid content, linolenic acid content, saturated fatty acids （SFA）, the total amount of fat and protein （P ＆ F）, unsaturation index （IUFA）, unsaturated fatty acids （UFA）, the total amount of 18 carbon fatty acids （18-C FA）, unsaturated fatty acids [UFA/（Ei ＆ Er） ], and the sum of oleic acid and linoleic acid （OI ＆ Li）. 5 When the seed-pro- tein content is increased, the quality of rape oil cake is also improved; when the unsaturated index is increased, the oil stability is decreased. The increase in the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid and linoleic acid helps to increase in the total amount of fatty acids absorbed by human bodies. [Conclusion] This study provides a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of high-yielding and top- quality hybrid rape cultivars.

Correlation and path analysis of morphological and weight traits in marine gastropod Glossaulax reiniana

Using correlation and path analysis, the genetic correlation between weight traits and morphological traits was determined in the marine gastropod Glossaulax reiniana. A total of 100 G. reiniana individuals from a wild population were used. Shell width （X1）, shell height （X2）, umbo-callus height （X3）, body width （X4）, operculum length （X5）, operculum width （X6）, body weight （Y1） and soft-tissue weight （Y2） were measured, and the correlation coefficient matrix calculated. Morphological traits were used as independent variables and weight traits as dependent variables for path coefficient analysis. Path coefficients, correlation indices and determination coefficients were also determined. Results indicate that the correlation coefficients associated with each morphological and weight trait were all highly significant （P〈0.01）. After deleting redundant independent variables, the following optimum multiple regression equations were obtained using stepwise multiple regression analysis： Y1=-29.317＋0.362X2＋0.349X4＋ 1.190）（5 for body weight; and Y2=-17.292＋0.166X1＋0.171X2＋0.703X5, for soft-tissue weight. Operculum height had the highest positive direct correlation with both body weight and soft-tissue weight, which was in accordance with the test results obtained from determinate coefficient analysis. The indication of high genetic correlations between weight traits and morphological traits will provide valuable information for G. reiniana breeding programs.

Analysis of phenotypic and genetic parameters for growth-related traits in the half smooth tongue sole,Cynoglossus semilaevis

Phenotypic and genetic parameters for growth-related traits in the half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis, were estimated in 22 full-sib families produced by normal and neo-male breeding stocks. As phenotypic males with female genotypes, neo-males are harmful in C. semilaevis aquaculture because they reduce overall production. The present study evaluated the difference in the growth-related traits： total length （TL）, body weight （BW） and square root of body weight （SQ_BW） at the age of 570 days between normal and neo-male offspring （neo-males used as male parents）. The difference in the proportion of females between normal and neo-male offspring was also assessed. Based on the linear mixed model, restricted maximum likelihood （REML） and best linear unbiased prediction （BLUP） were used to estimate various （co）variance components and estimated breeding values （EBVs） of growth-related traits. As a result, all the mean values of the three studied traits were significantly larger in normal offspring than in neo-male offspring. Additionally, the female proportion was significantly larger in normal offspring than in neo-male offspring. Heritability was 0.128＋0.066 2 for TL, 0.128-4-0.065 5 for BW and 0.132~0.062 9 for SQBW, all of which were low level heritabilities. The correlation coefficients of EBVs and phenotypic values of the target traits were 0.516 for TL, 0.524 for BW and 0.506 for SQ_BW, all of which were highly significant （P〈0.01）. Genetic correlations among TL, BW and SQ_BW were positive high （0.921-0.969） and higher than those of phenotype （0.711-0.748）, both of which had low standard errors （0.063-0.123 for genotype, and 0.010-0.018 for phenotype）. Compared with normal offspring, neo-male offspring have lower breeding values for each studied trait through EBVs comparison. Therefore, neo-male offspring should not be used as broodstock in a C. semilaevis breeding programs.

Adsorption of volatile organic compounds on three activated carbon samples:Effect of pore structure

To investigate the influence of the activated carbon pore structure on the adsorption of volatile organic compounds （VOCs）, three commercial activated carbon samples were chosen. The fixed-bed thermostatic adsorption experiments were conducted under certain conditions, where toluene, acetone, and 1, 2-dichloroethane acted as adsorbents. Then, the incidence relation between the experimental results and the activated carbon pore structure was analyzed. After that, the results of the correlation analysis were verified in accordance with fractal theory and adsorption characteristic curve analysis. The results show that the pore diameter gradient is helpful for strengthening the intemal diffusion. Under the same condition, the adsorption of organic gases tends to be selective, and the positions of toluene, acetone and 1, 2-dichloroethane adsorbed on the activated carbon are mainly in the ranges of 1.27-1.49 nm, 0.67-0.84 nm and 1.39-1.75 nm, respectively. The relationship between adsorption capacity and activated carbon pore volume can accurately explain the spreading process of the adsorbents in the activated carbon.

The Regression Analysis of Stock Returns at MSE

The linear regression and correlation analysis of daily returns of several stocks and stock-exchange index at Macedonian Stock Exchange （MSE） provide evidence for statistical significance of the stocks＇ daily returns at MSE. Statistical analysis was focused to determine the character of relationship between the 10 most liquid stocks at MSE using ten-year time-series of daily stocks＇ closing price and for the Macedonian Stock Exchange Index （MBI-IO）. The analysis of daily stock returns provided R2 values and confirmed that the proportion of the total correlation in the dependent variable （one stock price） can be explained by the independent variable （other stock price） as well as that accurate forecasting of one stock price movements enables reliable prediction of other stock future price at MSE. Some implications for stock valuation are drawn.

Variability and correlation analysis of physical and mechanical indexes of loess in western Liaoning

Based on the method of probability and statistics, the authors analyzed the physical and mechanical properties of loess in specified area, and discussed its main indexes, the coefficient of variation, and the corre- lation among the physical and mechanical indexes. Regression equations are built among those indexes, the re- suits show that the variability of mechanical indexes is higher than that of the physical indexes, and the physical indexes have better correlation than the relation between physical and mechanical indexes. The conclusions of this study would contribute to further research about loess in western Liaoning.

Uncertainty through Polynomial Chaos： A Sensor Sensitivity and Correlation Analysis in EEG Problems

The author studies the effect of uncertain conductivity on the electroencephalography （EEG） forward problem. A three-layer spherical head model with different and random layer conductivities is considered. Polynomial Chaos （PC） is used to model the randomness. The author performs a sensitivity and correlation analysis of EEG sensors influenced by uncertain conductivity. The author addressed the sensitivity analysis at three stages： dipole location and moment averaged out, only the dipole moment averaged out, and both fixed. On average, the author observes the least influenced electrodes along the great longitudinal fissure. Also, sensors located closer to a dipole source, are of greater influence to a change in conductivity. The highly influenced sensors were on average located temporal. This was also the case in the correlation analysis. Sensors in the temporal parts of the brain are highly correlated. Whereas the sensors in the occipital and lower frontal region, though they are close together, are not so highly correlated as in the temporal regions. This study clearly shows that intrinsic sensor correlation exists, and therefore cannot be discarded, especially in the inverse problem. In the latter it makes it possible not to specify the conductivities. It also offers an easy but rigorous modeling of the stochastic propagation of uncertain conductivity to sensorial potentials （e.g., making it suited for research on optimal placing of these sensors）.

Influence of laser geometric morphology type on Si C surface wettability

To obtain effective surface morphology to control surface wettability, this work investigated the influence of protuberant and concave morphology, which are respectively represented by circle-dimpled and micro-square-convex morphology, on surface wettability. The geometric morphologies were processed on silicon carbide （SIC） surfaces by a laser-marking machine, and surface wettability was monitored by the measurement of contact angles using the sessile drop method. Correlation analysis between contact angles and morphology parameters was conducted to determine the extent of influence. The results showed that the circle-dimpled diameter had a signific^mt influence on surface wettability, whereas grooved width did not. Additionally the depth of dimples and grooves exerted less influence on controlling wetting behaviors. In addition, surface wettability transformed from a superhydrophilic state to a hydrophobic state on micro-square-convex surfaces; contact angles on cir- cle-dimpled surfaces showed a relatively slow transformation, though the surface wettability also underwent the state change.

Generalized Multivariate Gumbel Distributions——Dependence,Aging Properties and Applications

This paper introduces a generalized multivariate Gumbel(GMG) distribution using a survival copula.Various dependence properties of the GMG distribution and some analytical properties of the generators of the GMG distribution are studied.Furthermore,the authors also investigate the dependence behavior of the residual lifetime vector of the GMG distribution.As an illustration,the GMG distribution is applied to fit a real data set.

Using Digital Elevation Model to Improve Soil pH Prediction in an Alpine Doline

Among spatial interpolation techniques,geostatistics is generally preferred because it takes into account the spatial correlation between neighbouring observations in order to predict attribute values at unsampled locations.A doline of approximately 15 000 m 2 at 1 900 m above sea level (North Italy) was selected as the study area to estimate a digital elevation model (DEM) using geostatistics,to provide a realistic distribution of the errors and to demonstrate whether using widely available secondary data provided more accurate estimates of soil pH than those obtained by univariate kriging.Elevation was measured at 467 randomly distributed points that were converted into a regular DEM using ordinary kriging.Further,110 pits were located using spatial simulated annealing (SSA) method.The interpolation techniques were multi-linear regression analysis (MLR),ordinary kriging (OK),regression kriging (RK),kriging with external drift (KED) and multi-collocated ordinary cokriging (CKmc).A cross-validation test was used to assess the prediction performances of the different algorithms and then evaluate which methods performed best.RK and KED yielded better results than the more complex CKmc and OK.The choice of the most appropriate interpolation method accounting for redundant auxiliary information was strongly conditioned by site specific situations.

Correlation Analysis on the SGS Velocity between Phases in an Isotropic Gasparticle Two-phase Flow with FDF Model

Correlation of the SGS (sub-grid scale) velocity between the two phases in an isotropic gas-particle two-phase flow was numerically investigated with FDF model. The results show the SGS gas velocity seen by the particles varies with the relative velocities between particle phase and gas phase. The relative velocity between the two phases produces the effect of the anisotropic turbulence on the particles. The variation of Stokes number influences the magnitude of the interaction between the two phases.

Correlation Analysis of Transient Heat Transfer Characteristics for Air Precooling Aggregate

In dam works, air precooling of aggregate is a common and effective method to avoid temperature cracks in concrete structure. In order to offer a reliable design theory for the air precooling process to avoid unreasonable energy consumption, the transient heat transfer characteristics of the aggregate are intensively analyzed. The combined structure of the aggregate and the interstitial space in the hopper is treated as a porous structure, and the space-average method is used to simulate the transient heat transfer process. Simulation results show that size of the hopper and the average air velocity in the cross section have great influence on the transient heat transfer process of the aggregate, while the porosity in the range of 0.4-0.5 has little influence. Nomograms are abstracted from simulation results, and then correlations of the compared excess temperature are precisely fitted to predict the air precooling transient heat transfer process of the aggregate.