试说“似的1”和“似的2”及相关语句的辨别

本文在《助词“似的”的语法意义及其来源》(江蓝生,1992)等文章的基础上对“似的1”和“似的2”作了深入分析。文章认为,在“像……似的1”的短语时,“似的1”不但是为了强调,而且具有语法作用。“似的2”不是句末助词,而是句内助词;由“似的2”充当后缀构成的短语可以称之为“测断短语”。文章最后将语义、语法、语用以及语音结合起来,就如何辨别跟两个“似的”有关的比喻句和测断句作了方法上的说明。

俄汉熟语单位语际相关性的对比分析

对两种语言具体熟语的异同进行研究是熟语对比分析中人所共知的、深入详细的一种对比分析方式。本文从俄汉熟语单位的形式相关性、功能一意义相关性及二者之间的相互关系等三个方面,对俄汉两种语言的熟语组成进行了对比,对俄汉两种语言熟语单位的语际相关性进行了分析与探讨。

中介语本质特征相关研究述评

自上个世纪七十年代初美国学者Selinker(1972)提出“In-terlanguage”这个概念起,国外的中介语理论研究至今已有四十多年的历史,国内自鲁健骥(1984)引进中介语理论至今也已有近三十年的发展历程。但国内中介语理论研究成果大多是对国外语言学界的观点、理论的引介,即介绍性、评价性和解释性的文章占据很大比例,基本没有超出国外学者探讨的范围。因此。

晋语寿阳方言中的时制助词“来”

山西寿阳方言(属晋语)中的句末助词“来”可以用于陈述句、疑问句,以及一些特殊句式的句末,主要表示发生在过去的某事或者某物的状态对现在造成了一定的影响,即“来”具有现实相关性。这里的“过去”可以是近过去也可以是很久以前,而且“来”在一些句子中还带有某种预设。

Study on association rules mining based on semantic relativity

An association rules mining method based on semantic relativity is proposed to solve the problem that there are more candidate item sets and higher time complexity in traditional association rules mining.Semantic relativity of ontology concepts is used to describe complicated relationships of domains in the method.Candidate item sets with less semantic relativity are filtered to reduce the number of candidate item sets in association rules mining.An ontology hierarchy relationship is regarded as a directed acyclic graph rather than a hierarchy tree in the semantic relativity computation.Not only direct hierarchy relationships,but also non-direct hierarchy relationships and other typical semantic relationships are taken into account.Experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce the number of candidate item sets effectively and improve the efficiency of association rules mining.

从企业家的辛酸苦辣谈起

最近,我应邀去了西安咸阳,全国劳模来辉武教授让我去给他们职工讲讲经营之道,当我伫立在505楼前,看到楼上镌刻:"辛酸苦辣"四个大字,唯独没有"甜"时,使我感慨、激动,思绪万千。我想,这许是当今我国有事业心责任感的企业家们的心态吧!并且它又是中药四味的相关语。可是,在大楼背面又镌刻着为人类健康努力拼搏的话语,它郑重地告诉我505人的心态和追求。在我和来教授攀谈时,我听到的最多一句话:"太忙了,干企业不容易啊!"他一年到头。

Dependent mechanism of Chinese prepositions processing in the brain:evidence from event-related potentials

Objective To compare the event-related potentials （ERPs） waves of verbs and prepositions in the brain. Methods We recorded ERPs in the brain while participants judged the legality of the collocation for verbs and ＂preposition＂. Results Both verbs and prepositions elicited a negativity at the frontal site in 230-330 ms and 350-500 ms window. No difference was seen in 230-330 ms and 350-500 ms window; In difference waves, a negativity was elicited in the left and fight hemisphere at about 270-400 ms and 470-600 ms window for both open and closed-class words. Conclusion These may demonstrate that prepositions in modem Chinese are probably not a separate class from verbs and that N280 may be not a specific component for only prepositions （or closed-class words）.

Correlation between Chinese learners＇ tolerance of ambiguity and their English achievement

Tolerance of ambiguity, an important emotional factor, imposes vital influence on second language acquisition. In this study, questionnaires are adopted to investigate the correlation between non-English major＇s tolerance of ambiguity and their English achievement. The result shows that students with different degrees of tolerance of ambiguity can be significantly different in their language performance. Based on the analysis, this article proposes some effective measures to improve the degree of tolerance of ambiguity in English teaching.

“志哀”与“致哀”

邓小平同志逝世之后,中央各大报都登载了联合国下半旗表示哀悼的消息,但各报用字却不尽相同,《中国胃年报》《人民日报》用的是“志哀”,《光明日报》用的是“致哀”.现摘录两段相关语句于下:

Enabling weakened hedges in linguistic multi-criteria decision making

A semantics-based model is proposed to enable weakened hedges, such as ＂more or less＂ and ＂roughly＂ in the context of linguistic multi-criteria decision making. First, the resemblance relations are defined based on the semantics of terms on the domain. Then, the hedges can be represented after the upper and loose upper approximations of a linguistic term are derived. Accordingly, some compact formulae can be derived for the semantics of linguistic expressions with hedges. Parameters in these formulae are objectively determined according to the semantics of original terms. The proposed model presents a more natural way to express the decision information under uncertainties and its semantics is clear. The proposed model is clarified by solving the problem of evaluation and selection of sustainable innovative energy technologies. Computational results demonstrate that the model can deal with various uncertainties of the problem. Finally, the model is compared with existing techniques and extended to the case when the semantics of terms are represented by trapezoidal fuzzy numbers.

The Teachers＇ Feedback Act Research of College English Classes

The Follow up Move Research has been deepening after it was first defined in 1975 by Sinclair and Coulthard, but it has not been paid attention in China, let alone study its effect in the classroom. In this essay based on the author＇s literature reading, the Follow up move functions and their language features are classified; its pragmatic motivations are researched and some factors which affect its relevance of occurrence are studied. Then with this guide of the frame four teachers classroom follow up moves are studied. Finally, the other scholars＇ findings in this field are commented and then the author＇s own insights are put forward.

Discourses of Chinese ELT Stakeholders on Native Speakerism

This paper reports on part of the findings of a large-scale study exploring the viewpoints of Chinese ELT stakeholders(students,teachers and administrators)on native speakerism in order to find out whether current EFL education in China is still affected by this chauvinistic ideology.The analysis of data via a critical lens reveals that the vast majority of the participants conferred upon NS products(teacher,language,culture and teaching methodology)a status superior to that granted to the NNS counterparts and failed to see linguacultural and epistemological inequalities between the English speaking West and traditional NNS countries,inter alia,China.These findings suggest that the three participant groups as an entirety succumb to native speakerism,and by extension that ELT in China is still haunted to a great degree by this ideology.Given that this study treats each participant group separately,future studies are expected to explore inter-group interactions in ideology.

Video Events Recognition by Scene and Group Context

The ability to recognise video events has become increasingly more popular owing to its extensive practical applications.Most events will occur in certain scene with certain people,and the scene context and group context provide important information for event recognition.In this paper,we present an algorithm to recognise video events in different scenes in which there are multiple agents.First,we recognise events for each agent based on Stochastic Context Sensitive Grammar(SCSG).Then we propose the model of a scene in order to infer the scene in which the events occur,and we use a co-occurrence matrix of events to represent the group context.Finally,the scene and group context are exploited to distinguish events having similar structures.Experimental results show that by adding the scene and group context,the performance of events recognition can be significantly improved.

Age-dependent impact of the SYNTAX-score on longer-term mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention in an all-comer population

Background The Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery （SYNTAX）-score is a validated tool for risk stratification and revascularization strategy selection in patients with complex coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to analyse its age-related prognostic value. Methods SYNTAX-score was calculated in 1331 all-comer patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）： 463 patients ≥ 75 years and 868 patients 〈 75 years. Outcomes of interest were all-cause mortality at one and two years. Results A significant interaction of age and SYNTAX-score for mortality was observed at two-year （Pinteraction= 0.019） but not at one-year follow-up （Pinteraction= 0.594）. In multivariable analysis, SYNTAX-score independently predicted 1-year mortality in both age groups （〈 75 years, hazard ratio （HR）： 1.43, 95% confidence intervals （CI）： 1.03-2.00, P = 0.034; and 〉 75 years, HR： 1.37, 95% CI： 1.01-1.85, P = 0.042）, but only two-year mortality among younger patients （〈 75 years, HR： 1.33, 95% CI： 1.01-1.76, P = 0.041; and ≥ 75 years, HR： 1.11, 95% CI： 0.87-1.41, P = 0.394）. SYNTAX-score tertiles were useful to stratify 1-year mortality in both, patients 〈 75 years （SYNTAX-score 〈 9, 3.8%; 9-20, 5.3%; 〉 20, 10.3%; P = 0.004） and 〉 75 years （SYNTAX-score 〈 11, 5.7%; 11-22.5, 16.1%; 〉 22.5, 18.7%; P = 0.003）, but two-year mortality only among patients 〈 75 years （SYNTAX-score 〈 9, 6.5%; 9-20, 7.6%; ≥ 20, 15%; P 〈 0.001） and not among ≥ 75 years old patients （SYNTAX-score 〈 11, 19.4%; 11-22.5, 26.3%; _〉 22.5, 27.9%; P = 0.138）. Conclusions Age modi- fies the impact of the SYNTAX-score on longer-term mortality after PCI. Among patients 〈 75 years, the SYNTAX-score independently predicts the risk of death at one and two years after PCI, while among patients 〉 75 years its predictive role is limited to the first year after PCI. Further studies are needed to evaluate the value of SYNTAX-score for selecting the most appropriate revascularization strategy among elderly patients.

Word Search and Its Results in Oral Speech of Elderly People

The author studies the markers of searching for a word in spontaneous oral speech of Russian-speaking elderly women. The paper puts a question about age-related features of searching strategies of elderly people. While searching the informants, as a rule, recollect the only word （a noun, including their own name）, they do not choose the most suitable nominations from the available options. They often refuse to search and realize an alternative speech strategy.

On Improving Students＇ Listening Proficiency From Correlation Analysis Between English Listening and Other English Skills

Researches have proved that in human beings＇ actual languange communication, listening is the most important part. However, in English learning, listening seems always to be a weakness for many Chinese students. English learning is a systematic process, during which, English listening proficience is influeced by many factors. Therefore, from the systematicness and inner relations in English learning and based on qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis between English listening and other English skills in English listening, this paper tries to give the correlation analysis and accordingly give some suggestions to improve listening proficiency for ESL （English as a second language） learners

Foreign Language Teacher Recruitment： Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Findings

In some contexts such as private language schools of Iran language teachers are recruited mainly on the basis of their speaking fluency and in other EFL contexts they are recruited simply because they are native speakers. Moreover, previous studies mainly focus on comparing the effectiveness of native and non-native language teachers by exploring learners＇ and teachers＇ perceptions of native and non-native language teachers. Since recruitment criteria are theoretically unjustified and the results of previous studies are subjective and inconclusive, this study aims at making a case in the opposite direction. That is, the researchers argue that there should be： （1） a shift away from recruiting language teachers on the basis of their speaking fluency and native language background towards hiring language teachers on the basis of their professional performance in the language classroom; （2） a shift away from exploring learners＇ and teachers＇ perceptions of native and non-native teachers towards studying the effect of teachers＇ native language on learners＇ proficiency, accuracy, fluency, and achievement. To pave the way for these shifts, this study first reviews the theoretical perspectives and empirical findings concerning effective language teachers and then draws conclusions and implications which help interested stakeholders, i.e., supervisors, make informed decisions when they recruit language teachers.

Effects of Xin Mai Tong Capsule on Vasoregulatory Peptides in the Patients of Coronary Heart Disease

In order to inquire into the therapeutic effects of Xin Mai Tong Capsule (心脉通胶囊) on coronary heart disease with myocardial ischemia, 40 patients were randomly divided into two groups (Xin Mai Tong group and the control group). The plasma endothelin (ET) levels in the two groups of patients were markedly higher than that of the healthy people (P<0.001), and the calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) was similar to that of the healthy people (P>0.05). After treatment, ET and symptomatic scores in the two groups decreased markedly (P<0.01), and their S-T segments were elevated obviously (P<0.01). But the decrease of ET and symptomatic scores and elevation of S-T segment in Xin Mai Tong group were superior to those of the control group (P<0.05～0.01). The CGRP level in the control group did not vary obviously post-treatment, but it increased markedly (P<0.01) with the addition of Xin Mai Tong Capsule in Xin Mai Tong group.

What Motivate Sudanese Students to Leam English as a Foreign Language？

While there are several research studies that planned to discover what drives students＇ motivation to learn English as a foreign/second language, to our knowledge there have been no pragmatic studies in the field of EFL that examined Sudanese college-level students learning motivation. This study, therefore, intends to investigate Sudanese college-level students＇ motivation and its correlation to student＇s achievement. With strong emphasis on motivation, this study is, also examining the relationship between students＇ motivation and achievement when learning English as foreign language. The participants in this study were college-level students in Sudan. The data was collected from 60 college level students. This quantitative study employed both Pearson Correlation methods of analysis as well as ANOVA Regression analysis. The results of this study revealed that there is strong correlation between students＇ motivation and students＇ achievement.