轮南低凸起原油中金刚烷类化合物的相分馏响应

相分馏作用是我国海相碳酸盐岩油气藏调整与改造(破坏)的一种重要形式。目前,国内外对于相分馏作用的识别标志主要局限于C7系列化合物(甲基环己烷、正庚烷、甲苯)的分异比。由于轻烃组分(C5—C8)稳定性较差,水洗作用、氧化降解作用、温压条件的改变、油气运移,甚至在分析测试的过程中,均会导致轻烃类组分发生不同程度的消耗与变化,从而导致利用C7系列化合物来判识相分馏过程存在一定的不准确性,而金刚烷类化合物具较强抗热解和生物降解能力。对塔里木盆地典型的气洗相分馏作用区(轮南低凸起地区)原油金刚烷系列进行系统分析认为,经气洗改造后的原油具有1-甲基金刚烷富集,1,3-二甲基金刚烷、1,4-二甲基金刚烷(顺)、1,4-二甲基金刚烷(反)、3-甲基-1-乙基金刚烷贫化的特征。因此,金刚烷类化合物可以作为有效示踪相分馏作用的识别标志。

生活垃圾生物炭源溶解性有机质分馏和络合重金属的作用

为揭示生活垃圾衍生的溶解性有机质的成分及其与重金属的相互作用机制,利用固相萃取与分馏技术,将生活垃圾衍生的溶解性有机质进行分馏,并采用荧光猝灭滴定与光谱分析探究各馏分与Cu的络合作用.结果表明,分馏共得到4种组分,分别为疏水酸性组分、疏水中性组分、疏水碱性组分和亲水性组分,按C含量分别占5.64%、64.37%和11.66%和18.33%.在这4个组分的三维荧光光谱中观察到5个荧光峰:A(Ex/Em=240/425 nm,类富里酸物质)、C1和C2(Ex/Em=270/425 nm和Ex/Em=315/412 nm,类腐殖酸物质)、T1(Ex/Em=240/354 nm,类色氨酸物质)和T2(Ex/Em=275/358 nm,微生物代谢产物);其中在疏水中性组分中观察到3个荧光峰A、C1和C2.Cu对疏水中性组分的络合顺序为:405—450 nm>383 nm>397 nm>323—340 nm;Ryan-Weber模型拟合表明络合稳定常数(lgK):C2(4.10)>A(3.97)>C1(3.91);这表明与Cu络合时类腐殖酸物质优先于类富里酸物质.总体来说,生活垃圾衍生的溶解性有机质的主要成分为疏水中性组分,与Cu络合可以改变疏水中性组分的分子微环境,从而改变Cu的形态和归趋,影响其生物有效性和生态毒性.

库车坳陷牙哈地区次生凝析气藏的成因差异

牙哈地区位于塔里木盆地北部海相含油气系统与陆相含油气系统过渡带,多期油气充注过程导致区内凝析气藏广泛发育。地球化学研究表明,牙哈地区凝析油的折算Ro在0.7%附近(远低于原生凝析油Ro=1.3%的热力学门限),反映出次生凝析气藏的特征;同时,牙哈地区原油轻质组分相对损失的特征,表明其发育典型的相分馏效应,即相分馏作用控制了其凝析气藏的形成。流体相态特征表明,牙哈地区凝析气藏分为两类:一类为饱和型凝析气藏,此类凝析气藏的地露压差较小,具油环,主要分布于YH7井;另一类为不饱和凝析气藏,此类凝析气藏的地露压差较大,在地下为纯气态,不具油环,主要分布于YH3以及YH6井区。其成藏过程受控于差异充注过程,即早期少量原油仅对于YH1、YH5等井区发生了充注,原油充注并未达到YH3井区;晚期大量干气对YH1、YH7井区的油藏发生持续侵入,而承载了大量轻质组分的天然气运移至较浅的YH3井区发生聚集,由于温压降低,转变为不饱和凝析气藏。

Separation of α-Tocopherol with a Two-Feed Simulated Moving Bed

A two-feed simulated moving bed（SMB） was proposed to utilize the stationary phase more effectively.Zone I is disconnected with zone Ⅱ and zone Ⅲ is disconnected with zone IV.Two feeds are added to zones I and Ⅲ,while two desorbents are added to zones Ⅱ and IV separately.The investigation on the movement of concentra-tion bands indicated that the tail of the strong retained solute and the front of the weak retained solute were eluted from zones I and Ⅲ orderly,so the streams from zones I and Ⅲ could be cut into different fractions to give the products with high purity.The two-feed SMB was used to separate α-tocopherol from its homologue mixture suc-cessfully,and could double the productivity if both feeds were identical to the feed in the conventional four-zone SMB.The solvent consumption could be reduced by reusing the middle fraction without solutes.

Separation Efficiency of Thin-film Evaporators

The recovery of contaminants and useful substances from liquid wastes, thepurification of production effluents and the separation of thermally instable mixtures are some ofthe multivarious applications of thin-film distillers in many processes of the chemical and alliedindustries and of the food industries. In a study carried out in pilot plants with distillation testsystems there was found a good agreement between the experimental separation results and thoseobtained by computing with a theorectical model; the latter is based on the assumption of phaseequilibrium between the vapour formed on an infinitely small element of area in a liquid film of anygiven concentric periphery of the vertically arranged evaporator. These tests were perfomed undervarious phase loads.

轮南低凸起油气输导体系格架及输导样式

多源多灶的生烃背景导致轮南地区的油气成藏过程高度复杂化.基于油气成藏动力学理论,综合运用钻井、地震以及地球化学等资料对轮南低凸起关键时期油气输导体系格架及典型油气藏输导样式的研究表明,由于志留系沥青砂盆地级的分布特征有力地证实了加里东晚期奥陶系岩溶缝洞体尚未形成,因此志留系砂体是加里东晚期源自寒武系烃源岩的烃类向轮南低凸起横向输导的主要通道;其次,海西早期的强烈抬升及长时间的暴露剥蚀导致表生岩溶作用深度改善了轮南地区碳酸盐岩层系的储集效能,而潜山风化壳之下的奥陶系岩溶缝洞储集体是这一时期源自满加尔坳陷内奥陶系烃源岩烃类的横向运载层;喜山期油气成藏的实质为海西晚期奥陶系整装油气藏形成后的调整改造过程,包括过量干气的气洗改造以及不同尺度断裂的垂向调整.轮南油田、桑塔木油田以及解放渠东油田三叠系油气藏的形成均受控于深大断裂的垂向输导.同时,上覆盖层的强制性封闭将喜山期干气的横向输导路径束缚于奥陶系内部,奥陶系油藏经气洗相分馏改造转变为次生的饱和凝析气藏.而由于桑塔木断垒带地区连接奥陶系与石炭系的层间断裂以及轮古东地区奥陶系层内断裂活动所诱发的泄压相分馏改造,不仅在石炭系圈闭形成了纯气相的不饱和凝析气藏,还直接控制了轮古东油田凝析气藏及其流体性质的分布.

Fluid/melt in continental deep subduction zones: Compositions and related geochemical fractionations

Plate subduction is the most magnificent process in the Earth. Subduction zones are important sites for proceeding matter- and energy- transports between the Earth's surface and the interior, continental crust growth, and crust-mantle interactions. Besides, a number of geological processes in subduction zones are closely related to human beings' daily life, such as volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, formation of mineral deposits. Subduction process thus has long been the centric topic of Earth sciences. The finding in 1980 s that continental crust could be subducted to mantle depths is a revolutionary progress in plate tectonic theory. Compared to oceanic crust, continental crust is colder, drier, lighter, and much more geochemically/isotopically heterogeneous. Hence, continental subduction process would affect the structure, compositions and evolutions of the overlying mantle wedge even more. During continental subduction and subsequent exhumation, fluids and melts can be generated in the(de)hydration process and partial melting process, respectively. These melts/fluids play important roles in crust-mantle interactions, elemental migrations, isotopic fractionations, and mantle metasomatism. By summarizing recent research works on subduction zones in this paper, we present a review on the types, physicochemical conditions and compositions of fluids/melts, as well as the migration behaviors of fluid-related characteristic elements(Nb-Ta-V) and the fractionation behaviors of non-traditional stable isotopes(Li-Mg) in subduction zones. The aim of this paper is to provide the readers an update comprehensive overview of the melt/fluid activities in subduction zones and of Li-Mg isotope systematics in subduction-related rocks and minerals.