相变壁材微球对固井水泥浆性能影响与调控机制

【目的】当前在含水合物地层固井用相变微球低热水泥浆设计时,未充分考虑相变微球粒径及质量分数对水泥浆性能的影响,导致水泥浆性能降低和成本增加,从而引发一系列固井质量问题,因此,分析相变微球对固井水泥浆性能影响及调控机制尤为关键。【方法】为排除相变芯材储热效应的干扰,以自制的多级粒径相变壁材微球为研究对象,研究壁材微球粒径和质量分数对水泥浆性能的影响,建立了不同水化龄期水泥浆的Dinger-Funk方程(DFE)模型,揭示了壁材微球对固井水泥浆性能的调控机理。【结果和结论】结果表明:(1)相较于质量分数,微球粒径对固井水泥浆流动性能和力学性能影响更大,在进行相变微球低热固井水泥浆设计时,需重视微球粒径对固井水泥浆性能的影响。(2)微球质量分数增大对水泥浆体系存在2种不同的效应,一方面是堆积密度增大导致的水泥石力学强度提升以及水泥浆流动性能减弱效应,另一方面是微球引入本身强度缺陷导致的水泥石强度下降效应,这2种效应的主导地位取决于微球的质量分数和粒径,其中质量分数对两种效应起决定性作用,当质量分数较小时,堆积密度上升效应占主导,当质量分数超过4%时,强度缺陷效应占主导,2种效应共同作用下,水泥石单轴抗压强度呈现先上升后下降的趋势。(3)最紧密堆积DFE模型与水泥浆流动性能和力学性能有较强的相关性,当固井水泥浆DFE模型处于较优状态时,通常意味着该体系具有较好的流动性和力学性能。研究结果为热敏地层低热相变微球固井水泥浆设计提供有益参考。

相变高分子微球增效高强度聚焦超声消融裸鼠骨肉瘤

目的制备相变高分子微球,观察其增效高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)消融裸鼠骨肉瘤模型的效果。方法制备包裹液态氟碳的高分子微球,检测其形态、结构、粒径电位及相变条件;建立裸鼠骨肉瘤模型,随机分为空白组(不予处理)、对照组(注射生理盐水)和实验组1、2、3(注射稀释倍数分别为5、10、20倍的Pct-MP溶液),处理后立即用海级星对肿瘤进行辐照。于辐照后即刻和72h提取标本并观察坏死面积、行HE染色,并对72h提取的标本的坏死周边组织进行细胞增殖和凋亡测定。结果成功制备相变高分子微球;HIFU辐照后即刻提取的标本,实验组1、2的坏死面积与对照组差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05),但与实验组3的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);72h后提取的标本,实验组1、2的坏死面积进一步扩大、与辐照后即刻提取的标本的差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。HIFU辐照72h后,实验组1、2、3与对照组间坏死周边组织的凋亡和增殖指数差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论在骨肉瘤裸鼠模型中,自制相变高分子微球能够增强HIFU对于骨肉瘤的消融效果,增强作用与微球浓度有关。

Effect of thermal treatment and ball milling on microstructure and phase transformation of Ni-Mn-Ga-Nb alloys

To clarify phase transformation evolution of Nb-doped Ni-Mn-Ga bulk alloys after aging and ball milling, the microstructure and phase transformation of the aged and ball-milled dual-phase Nb-doped Ni-Mn-Ga alloys were investigated by SEM, EDS, XRD, DSC and susceptibility measurements. The as-cast alloys were mainly composed of the second phase with layer-shape and presented a reduced martensitic transformation with increasing the second phase content. The second phase transformed from layer-shape to dense bar-shape and the martensitic transformation was enhanced after being quenched at 1173 K. After aging at 673 and 873 K, the 3% Nb alloy with less second phase exhibited a single-step phase transformation, whereas the 6% Nb and 9% Nb alloys with more second phase exhibited a two-step martensitic transformation and Curie transition. The martensitic transformation and Curie transition of the as-milled dual-phase particles disappeared and were retrieved after annealing at 1073 K due to the recovery of high ordered structure of the matrix.