黄妙应与《博山篇》

黄妙应即妙应禅师,是唐末福建高僧,他入佛门却重视研究相地法,剃发而不受足戒,平生为人相地并留谶语,是福建本土著名堪舆家。通过对黄妙应生平事迹以及相地法著作《博山篇》的研究,探讨黄妙应的生平事迹和《博山篇》的相地法则,对黄妙应是否是《博山篇》的作者提出疑问和看法。

HPLC Determination of Harpagoside and Cinnamic Acid in Radix Scrophulariae

A gradient HPLC method was established for the determination of harpagoside and cinnamic acid in Radix Scrophulariae (Xuanshen) and a proposition was put forward for the lowest content of the characteristic and active constituent (harpagoside) for qualified Radix Scrophulariae. The experimental conditions were as follows: Ultrasphere ODS column (250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 mm), mobile phase: acetonitrile-water (containing 1.0% acetic acid) (20:8050:50) (20 min), flow-rate 1 mLmin-1, room temperature, detection wavelength 278 nm. Twenty-eight samples of Xuan-shen (Radix Scrophulariae) from different districts of China were analyzed and the contents of harpagoside and cinnamic acid in Xuan-shen were 0.041~0.244% and 0.012~0.068% respectively. The recoveries (RSD)% were 97.13(0.80)% for harpagoside and 99.38(0.51)% for cinnamic acid. The method is simple and accurate. It can be used for the quality control of Radix Scrophulariae. We propose that the content of harpagoside in qualified Radix Scrophularia should be no less than 0.05%.

Determination of Naftopidil in Dog Plasma by High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Study on Its Pharmacokinetics

建立HPLC方法测定犬血浆中的萘哌地尔浓度，研究萘哌地尔胶囊在犬体内的药物动力学。单剂量给予5只健康犬萘哌地尔胶囊200mg,血浆样品碱化后，经乙醚提取以乙腈：磷酸盐缓冲液（0．05mol·L^-1的磷酸二氢钾溶液，以0．1mol·L^-1的NaOH调节pH至6．5）＝60：40（v/v)为流动相，由ODS C18分析柱分离测定，紫外230nm为检测波长，维拉帕米为内标。线性范围为10ng·L^-1;方法回收率为：100．23±3．00％；检测限：8ng·mL^-1;日间RSD≤5.56%,日内RSD≤3．30％。本法简便，回收率和灵敏度高，可用于萘哌地尔制剂的药动学研究。单剂量给予犬萘哌地尔胶囊200mg后血药浓度随时间变化规律符合一级吸收一室模型，T1／2Ke为3．19±1．27h,Tmax为1.15±0.59h,Cmax为697.48±94.22ng·mL^-1.

Temporal-spatial cross-correlation analysis of non-stationary near-surface wind speed time series

Temporal-spatial cross-correlation analysis of non-stationary wind speed time series plays a crucial role in wind field reconstruction as well as in wind pattern recognition.Firstly,the near-surface wind speed time series recorded at different locations are studied using the detrended fluctuation analysis(DFA),and the corresponding scaling exponents are larger than 1.This indicates that all these wind speed time series have non-stationary characteristics.Secondly,concerning this special feature( i.e.,non-stationarity)of wind signals,a cross-correlation analysis method,namely detrended cross-correlation analysis(DCCA) coefficient,is employed to evaluate the temporal-spatial cross-correlations between non-stationary time series of different anemometer pairs.Finally,experiments on ten wind speed data synchronously collected by the ten anemometers with equidistant arrangement illustrate that the method of DCCA cross-correlation coefficient can accurately analyze full-scale temporal-spatial cross-correlation between non-stationary time series and also can easily identify the seasonal component,while three traditional cross-correlation techniques(i.e.,Pearson coefficient,cross-correlation function,and DCCA method) cannot give us these information directly.

Application of Integration of Spatial Statistical Analysis with GIS to Regional Economic Analysis

This paper summarizes a few spatial statistical analysis methods for to measuring spatial autocorrelation and spatial association, discusses the criteria for the identification of spatial association by the use of global Moran Coefficient, Local Moran and Local Geary. Furthermore, a user-friendly statistical module, combining spatial statistical analysis methods with GIS visual techniques, is developed in Arcview using Avenue. An example is also given to show the usefulness of this module in identifying and quantifying the underlying spatial association patterns between economic units.

Determination of contents of eight alkaloids in fruits of Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. from different habitats and antioxidant activities of extracts

A reliable ultrasound-assisted extraction （UAE） method combined with HPLC-UV for quantification of eight active alkaloids in fruits of Macleaya cordata （Willd） R. Br. was developed. The optimization conditions of UAE were obtained by using Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology. Chromatography was carried out using a Kromasil C18 column by gradient elution with 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution for HPLC-UV. All calibration curves showed good linear correlation coefficients （R^2〉0.999 6） and recoveries （from 97.3% to 104.9%） were acceptable. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH） method was employed to test the antioxidant activity of the extract from the samples. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantifying eight components in nine samples of M.cordata, and significant variations of alkaloid contents and antioxidant aetivity of the samples from different habitats were demonstrated. It presents a powerful proof for the selection of the best sources to extract eight kinds of alkaloids.

Applications of texture attribute analysis to seismic interpretation

The first generation coherence algorithm(namely C1 algorithm) is based on the statistical cross-correlation theory, which calculates the coherency of seismic data along both in-line and cross-line. The work, based on texture technique, makes full use of seismic information in different directions and the difference of multi-traces, and proposes a novel methodology named the texture coherence algorithm for seismic reservoir characterization, for short TEC algorithm. Besides, in-line and cross-line directions, it also calculates seismic coherency in 45° and 135° directions deviating from in-line. First, we clearly propose an optimization method and a criterion which structure graylevel co-occurrence matrix parameters in TEC algorithm. Furthermore, the matrix to measure the difference between multi-traces is constructed by texture technique, resulting in horizontal constraints of texture coherence attribute. Compared with the C1 algorithm, the TEC algorithm based on graylevel matrix is of the feature that is multi-direction information fusion and keeps the simplicity and high speed, even it is of multi-trace horizontal constraint, leading to significantly improved resolution. The practical application of the TEC algorithm shows that the TEC attribute is superior to both the C1 attribute and amplitude attribute in identifying faults and channels, and it is as successful as the third generation coherence.

Factors controlling the latent and sensible heat FLuxes over Erhai Lake under different atmospheric surface layer stability conditions

The stratification of the atmospheric surface layer(ASL)plays an important role in regulating the water vapor and heat exchange across the lake–air interface.Based on one year of data measured by the eddy covariance technique over Erhai Lake in 2015,the ASL stability(ζ)was divided into six ranges,including unstable(-1ζ<-0:1),weakly unstable(-0:1ζ<-0:01),near-neutral1(-0:01ζ<0),near-neutral2(0ζ<0:01),weakly stable(0:01ζ<0:1),and stable(0:1ζ<1).The characteristics of ASL stability conditions and factors controlling the latent(LE)and sensible heat(H)fluxes under different stability conditions were analyzed in this study.The stability conditions of Erhai Lake have noticeably seasonal and diurnal variation,with the nearneutral and(weakly)stable stratification usually occurring before July,with frequencies of 51.7%and 23.3%,respectively,but most of the(weakly)unstable stratification was observed after July,with a frequency of 59.8%.Large evaporation occurred even in stable atmospheric conditions,due to the coupled effects of the relatively larger lake–air vapor pressure difference and wind speed.The relative controls of LE and H by different atmospheric variables are largely dependent on the stability conditions.In stable and unstable ranges,LE is closely correlated with the vapor pressure difference,whereas in weakly unstable to weakly stable ranges,it is primarily controlled by wind speed.H is related to wind speed and the lake–air temperature difference under stable conditions,but shows no obvious relationship under unstable conditions.

Discretization Approach in Integrated Hydrologic Model for Surface and Groundwater Interaction

The commonly used discretization approaches for distributed hydrological models can be broadly categorized into four types,based on the nature of the discrete components:Regular Mesh,Triangular Irregular Networks(TINs),Representative Elementary Watershed(REWs) and Hydrologic Response Units(HRUs).In this paper,a new discretization approach for landforms that have similar hydrologic properties is developed and discussed here for the Integrated Hydrologic Model(IHM),a combining simulation of surface and groundwater processes,accounting for the interaction between the systems.The approach used in the IHM is to disaggregate basin parameters into discrete landforms that have similar hydrologic properties.These landforms may be impervious areas,related areas,areas with high or low clay or organic fractions,areas with significantly different depths-to-water-table,and areas with different types of land cover or different land uses.Incorporating discrete landforms within basins allows significant distributed parameter analysis,but requires an efficient computational structure.The IHM integration represents a new approach interpreting fluxes across the model interface and storages near the interface for transfer to the appropriate model component,accounting for the disparate discretization while rigidly maintaining mass conservation.The discretization approaches employed in IHM will provide some ideas and insights which are helpful to those researchers who have been working on the integrated models for surface-groundwater interaction.

Application of DC component to select fault branch in arc suppression coil grounding system

When single phase earth fault occurs in the arc suppression coil grounding system, the amplitude of the transient capacitance current is high and decays fast, but the attenuation of the transient inductance current is much slower. This paper analyses the DC component of fault branch, and has found it is much bigger than that of the normal branches in transient state. All the simulation results obtained from three compensation types, different fault time and different wave cycles show that the DC component of fault branch is much higher than that of those normal branches. These results verify the effectiveness of taking the DC component as the method of fault line selection in the arc suppression coil grounding system.

Single-phase earth fault current distribution between optical fiber composite overhead ground wire and ordinary ground wire in transmission system

It is important for the safety of transmission system to accurately calculate single-phase earth fault current distribution.Features of double sided elimination method were illustrated.Quantitative calculation of single-phase earth fault current distribution and case verification were accomplished by using the loop method.Influences of some factors,such as single-phase earth fault location and ground resistance of poles,on short-circuit current distribution were discussed.Results show that:1) results of the loop method conform to those of double sided elimination method;2) the fault location hardly influences macro-distribution of short-circuit current.However,current near fault location is evidently influenced;and 3) the short-circuit current distribution is not so sensitive to the ground resistance of poles.

Sedimentary microfacies of the H8 member in the Su14 3D seismic test area

The distribution of sedimentary microfacies in the eighth member of the Shihezi formation（the H8 member） in the Sul4 3D seismic test area was investigated.A Support Vector Machine（SVM） model was introduced for the first time as a way of predicting sandstone thickness in the study area.The model was constructed by analysis and optimization of measured seismic attributes.The distribution of the sedimentary microfacies in the study area was determined from predicted sandstone thickness and an analysis of sedimentary characteristics of the area.The results indicate that sandstone thickness predictions in the study area using an SVM method are good.The distribution of the sedimentary microfacies in the study area has been depicted at a fine scale.

Information Technology in Environmental Monitoring for Territorial System Ecological Assessment

The environmental monitoring dataset of Rivne region territory （Ukraine） was analyzed using remote sensing technology and statistical analysis. The article reveals approaches to anthropogenic impact specificity assessment based on methods of correlation analysis. The information technology to assess soil quality based on satellite images decoding was created.

Geochemistry and tectonic significance of volcanic rocks from Qushenla Formation in Gerze area of northern Tibetan Plateau

By using petrological,isotope chronological,and geochemical methods,the authors studied the volcanic rocks in the studied area,mainly including dacites and trachytes. The results show that they formed during the late Early Cretaceous. Geochemically,the volcanic rocks are relatively enriched in large-ion lithophile elements( Rb,K,and Th) and depleted in high field strength elements( Nb,Ta,and Ti),and rich in light rare earth elements,and depleted in heavy rare earth elements. The fact indicates that the main body of the volcanic rocks in the Qushenla Formation was derived from the partial melting of lower crust. The lithological assemblages are characterized by continental high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic series,suggesting that the southward-subducting oceanic slab in southern Bangong Lake had break off and that the Bangong Lake-Nujiang Ocean had closed before 107 Ma. The main dynamic mechanisms for the genesis of this set of intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks were upwelling of the asthenosphere and partial melting of the lower crust caused by slab break-off.

Development of a chiral HPLC method for the analysis of naftopidil enantiomers

We developed a chiral HPLC method for the separation and analysis ofnaftopidil enantiomers. The two enantiomers of naflopidil were separated using a Chiralpak AD-H （250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm） column and monitored at the wavelength of 283 nm. The isocratic mobile phase consisting of hexane-isopropanol-diethylamine （85：15：0.1, v/v/v） was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Under these chromatographic conditions, R-naflopidil and S-naftopidil were well separated and had good linearity in the ranges of 0.78-50 μg/mL （r = 0.9999） and 0.84-54 μg/mL （r = 0.9998）, respectively. The relative standard deviations （RSD） of intra- and inter-day assays were no more than 0.5% and 0.7%, respectively. This improved method for the separation and quantitative determination of naflopidil enantiomers can be used for the quality control of synthesized naflopidil product.

Geomorphological inheritance for loess landform evolution in a severe soil erosion region of Loess Plateau of China based on digital elevation models

The influence of pre-quaternary underlying terrain on the formation of loess landforms, i.e., the geomorphological inheritance issue, is a focus in studies of loess landforms. On the basis of multi-source information, we used GIS spatial analysis methods to construct a simulated digital elevation model of a pre-quaternary paleotopographic surface in a severe soil erosion area of the Loess Plateau. To reveal the spatial relationship between underlying paleotopography and modern terrain, an XY scatter diagram, hypsometric curve, gradient and concavity of terrain profiles are used in the experiments. The experiments show that the altitude, gradient and concavity results have significant linear positive correlation between both terrains, which shows a relatively strong landform inheritance relationship, particularly in the intact and complete loess deposit areas. Despite the current surface appearing somewhat changed from the original shape of the underlying terrain under different erosion forces, we reveal that the modern terrain generally smoothes the topographic relief of underlying terrain in the loess deposition process. Our results deepen understanding of the characteristics of geomorphological inheritance in the formation and evolution of loess landforms.

Effectiveness of farmland transfer in alleviating farmland abandonment in mountain regions

Farmland abandonment is a type of land use change in the mountain region,and this change is under rapid development. Whether farmland transfer can prevent this process and promote the effective allocation of land resources or not is a question worth studying and discussion. With the help of the previous research findings,the objective of this paper was to find out the role of farmland transfer on preventing farmland abandonment,by using the methods of multiple view with two factors,and single factor correlation analysis. The results showed that:(1) At village level,a significant negative correlation between farmland transfer and farmland abandonment existed in the study site,with R2 = 0.7584. This correlation of farmland with high grade farming conditions presented more outstandingly. The fitted curve for the farmland at Level I had the largest R2 at 0.288,while that for the farmland at Level IV had the smallest R2 at 0.103. Which indicated that farmland transfer could prevent the abandonment of farmland with high grade farming conditions?(2) At plot level,the abandonment rate of farmland with high grade farming conditions was significantly lower than that of farmland with poor grade farming conditions. It was the lowest at 10.49% for the farmland with Level I farming conditions,whereas the farmland with Level I farming conditions was 26.21%. Abandoned farmland was mainly contributed by farmland with Level IV farming conditions in the study site.(3) At village level,the role of farming conditions on farmland abandonment was insignificant. The univariate correlation analysis revealed that the abandonment ratio was negatively correlated with the proportions of farmland at Levels I and II and their accumulated proportion; however,their R2 were small at 0.194,0.258,and 0.275,respectively. The abandonment of farmland with high farming conditions still existed. The abandonment ratios of farmland at Levels I and II were high at 9.96% and 10.60%,respectively. This presented that farmland transfer on behalf of the land rental market was still not developed.(4) However,the village possessed the high rate of farmland transfer,and its rate of farmland abandonment with high grade farming conditions was all lower. When the transfer ratios of farmland were over 20%,the abandonment ratios of farmland at Levels I and II were 6.47% and 6.92%,respectively. Farmland abandonment was still controlled by the improvement of land rental market. And the functions of land rental market optimizing the utilization of farmland resources have been presented to a certain degree.(5) To further improve the marketing degree of land rental,the probability of farmland abandonment could be reduced. Especially,their function to farmland with high grade farming conditions was very obvious,and could avoid the waste of farmland resources with high grade farming conditions.

Decision support for integrated river basin management—Scientific research challenges

Integrated River Basin Management(IRBM)has been a long discussed way to sustainably manage water and land resources;yet,very few examples of effective IRBM are found because there is a lack of sufficient scientific support,as well as institutional accommodation,to successfully implement it.This paper overviews the major challenges with IRBM,the promising scientific approaches for the implementation of IRBM,and the areas of needed research,with considerable issues and experiences from China.It is expected that novel research will draw together disparate disciplines into an integrated scientific framework,upon which better modeling tools,stakeholder involvement,and decision-making support can be built.Cutting-edge new technologies will bring ideas of IRBM forward to theory and finally to practice.The paper will prompt scientists to undertake research to fill in the gaps in the current IRBM knowledge base and provide practitioners guidance on how to incorporate scientifically based information within the IRBM decision process.

A displacement-relay videometric method for surface subsidence surveillance in unstable areas

When measuring the surface subsidence of unstable areas such as railroad beds and large construction fields, it is not practical to always find stable positions to install measurement instruments. Yet installing those instruments in unstable positions will cause measurement errors or even the complete failure of long-term subsidence surveillance. In this paper, the innovative concept and its method of "displacement-relay videometrics" are proposed. With the method, a double-headed camera is designed, and two constraints, the "fixation constraint" and the "homologous constraint", are established to construct the displacement-relay measurement equations, which can concurrently give the subsidence of the points to be measured and the positions where the cameras are fixed. The method and its measurement system are thus capable of automatically measuring the surface subsidence under the condition that the cameras are mounted on unstable locations over long durations. Therefore, the method has the broad prospect of undertaking automatic, long-term and continuous measurement for surface subsidence in engineering projects such as railroad beds, bridges and the ground beds of tall buildings. The proposed method opens a new area that cameras can be mounted on unstable platform to make high accuracy measurements, which is of great significance for applications.