实孔法深层三向相对应力测量

深地层注浆固化核废料场地的地应力变化趋势是评估其安全性的重要参考之一。作者介绍了为某深地层注浆固化处置中放核废液工程而进行的实孔法深层三向相对应力测量的有关情况。分析了封井介质与周围岩体介质性质差异对应力测量数据的影响。从分析的结果看,要得到比较真实的应力信息,考虑介质性质差异对测量数据的修正是非常必要的。

桥梁结构绝对应力与相对应力测试方法分析

钢筋混凝土结构的内力通常根据荷载、材料的标准值及其它设定参数，使用简化分析模型和多种假定由计算确定，然后根据计算内力求出构件控制截面的计算应力，但这些结果仅能近似反映特定工况的情况，而不能准确反映桥梁的应力状况。本文通过对绝对应力及相对应力测试方法的比较分析，总结出现有技术条件下测试桥梁结构绝对应力的必要条件。

相对地应力测量设备现状及发展趋势

地应力变化使工程结构发生失稳、变形甚至破坏,是大多数工程灾害的直接原因。相对地应力监测是探究开采过程地应力时空演化规律的重要手段,因此,相对地应力监测在隧道施工、资源开采、水利交通工程建设中是重点内容。本文对当前采用的相对应力监测设备的组成结构、工作原理、使用步骤、注意事项、应用现状、适用条件和优缺点进行了详细阐述和分析,为相对地应力监测的设备选型和工程应用提供了借鉴。最后,基于当前5G通讯技术和智能物联网快速发展现状,提出基于5G+物联网的相对应力智能监测的发展方向,设计了相对地应力智能实时监测的研究思路和系统框架,为相对应力的监测进一步发展提供展望。

地应力测量方法综述

通过回顾地应力测量的起源及发展历程,对地应力测量方法进行了归类分析,明确了各种方法的基本原理、优缺点及应用范围;同时,对地应力测量的最新发展趋势以及目前我国在地应力测量方面面临的问题与挑战进行了剖析.研究成果对于采用较好的地应力测量方法以提高地应力测量精度无疑具有重要的指导意义.

关于钻孔应力计初始应力值与围岩应力变化的试验研究

本文针对在实际生产及测量过程中存在的问题,为提高钻孔应力计监测精度,对钻孔应力计初始应力值设定与围岩应力变化关系进行试验研究。采用液压钻孔应力计模拟不同初始应力值的情况下的相对应力值,并对数据进行分析,得出当初始应力值设置越大,对应围岩应力数值越大,“围岩应力”与钻孔应力两者压力差值虽然成正态递增,但两者压力差值与线性比值都逐渐增大,系数范围参考值在1.15~1.4之间,初期系数较小,后期系数变大。通过采取试验研究,能够有效的提高围岩相对应力的监测精度。

长轴类花键挤压成形极限研究

建立了长轴类花键无约束正挤压的力学条件 ,采用等挤压比流动模型对矩形花键挤压进行了上限分析 ,讨论了变形程度、凹模型腔尺寸、齿形参数、摩擦因子等对无约束正挤压挤压相对应力及成形极限的影响 ,给出了花键挤压相对应力的经验公式 。

井震联合非均质储层改造规模的非线性表征方法

朝阳沟油田Ⅲ类区块井网经过两次加密调整和重复压裂,部分储层仍无法建立有效驱动体系,油水井措施效果差,剩余油采出程度低。考虑到对压裂缝扩展条件及非均质储层改造程度认识不足的实际情况,通过测井与地震联合的手段开展油藏三维地应力场建模,以弹性理论为基本依据,预测非对称压裂缝全缝长扩展情况,提出"相对应力"和"改造因子"概念,给出相对应力‐改造因子非线性经验关系式,划定形成填砂裂缝的相对应力值范围,并据此判断储层压裂后改造规模情况。研究结果对油田开发中后期开发层系的选定,提高油田最终采收程度将起到较重要的指导作用。

Titanium cenosphere syntactic foam with coarser cenosphere fabricated by powder metallurgy at lower compaction load

Titanium cenosphere syntactic foam of varying relative densities with coarse cenospheres was developed through powder metallurgy route at lower compaction loads. The cold compaction load was varied in the range of 60 to 75 MPa to obtain the foams of different relative densities. A function of cold compaction load between crushing tendency of cenosphere and relative density was investigated. The compressive deformation behavior of these foams was studied, and empirical relationships among plateau stress, elastic modulus, densification strains and energy absorption are formulated considering their practical significance. The performance indices of the developed foam in comparison with dense titanium were studied and it was found that the foam is superior alternative to titanium for engineering applications.

Nonlinear dynamic response analysis of supercavitating vehicles

A finite element model for the supercavitating underwater vehicle was developed by employing 16-node shell elements of relative degrees of freedom.The nonlinear structural dynamic response was performed by introducing the updated Lagrangian formulation.The numerical results indicate that there exists a critical thickness for the supercavitating plain shell for the considered velocity of the vehicle.The structure fails more easily because of instability with the thickness less than the critical value,while the structure maintains dynamic stability with the thickness greater than the critical value.As the velocity of the vehicle increases,the critical thickness for the plain shell increases accordingly.For the considered structural configuration,the critical thicknesses of plain shells are 5 and 7 mm for the velocities of 300 and 400 m/s,respectively.The structural stability is enhanced by using the stiffened configuration.With the shell configuration of nine ring stiffeners,the maximal displacement and von Mises stress of the supercavitating structure decrease by 25% and 17% for the velocity of 300 m/s,respectively.Compared with ring stiffeners,longitudinal stiffeners are more significant to improve structural dynamic performance and decrease the critical value of thickness of the shell for the supercavitating vehicle.

Beam-track interaction of high-speed railway bridge with ballast track

Based on the construction bridge of Xiamen-Shenzhen high-speed railway(9-32 m simply-supported beam + 6×32 m continuous beam),the pier-beam-track finite element model,where the continuous beam of the ballast track and simply-supported beam are combined with each other,was established.The laws of the track stress,the pier longitudinal stress and the beam-track relative displacement were analyzed.The results show that reducing the longitudinal resistance can effectively reduce the track stress and the pier stress of the continuous beam,and increase the beam-track relative displacement.Increasing the rigid pier stiffness of continuous beam can reduce the track braking stress,increase the pier longitudinal stress and reduce the beam-track relative displacement,Increasing the rigid pier stiffness of simply-supported beam can reduce the track braking stress,the rigid pier longitudinal stress and the beam-track relative displacement.

Study on Residual Oil HDS Process with Mechanism Model and ANN Model

Based on the Residual Oil Hydrodesulfurization Treatment Unit (S-RHT), the n-order reaction kinetic model for residual oil HDS reactions and artificial neural network (ANN) model were developed to determine the sulfur content of hydrogenated residual oil. The established ANN model covered 4 input variables, 1 output variable and 1 hidden layer with 15 neurons. The comparison between the results of two models was listed. The results showed that the predicted mean relative errors of the two models with three different sample data were less than 5% and both the two models had good predictive precision and extrapolative feature for the HDS process. The mean relative error of 5 sets of testing data of the ANN model was 1.62%—3.23%, all of which were smaller than that of the common mechanism model (3.47%— 4.13%). It showed that the ANN model was better than the mechanism model both in terms of fitting results and fitting difficulty. The models could be easily applied in practice and could also provide a reference for the further research of residual oil HDS process.

Kinetics of Burning Side Reaction in the Liquid-phase Oxidation of p-Xylene

During the liquid-phase oxidation of p-xylene,over-oxidation of reactant,intermediates and solvent to carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide is generally known as the burning side reaction.Batch and semi-continuous experiments were carried out,and the experimental data of the burning side reaction were analyzed and reported in this paper.The results showed that the rates of burning side reactions were proportional to the rates of the main reaction,but decreased with the increasing concentrations of reactant and intermediates.The inter-stimulative and competitive relationship between the burning side reaction and the main reaction was confirmed,and the rates of the burning side reaction could be described with some key indexes of the main reaction.According to the mechanism of the side reactions and the kinetics model of main reaction which were proposed and tested in the previous papers,a kinetic model of the burning side reactions involving some key indexes of the main reaction was developed,and the parameters were determined by data fitting of the COx rate curves.The obtained kinetic model could describe the burning side reactions adequately.

Numerical Analysis of the Interaction between Shallow （Square, Circular and Strip） Foundations and Subsoil

In this paper, the effects of the stiffness of circular, square and strip foundation structures and bonding effects were analyzed. Presented analysis was oriented on the influence of stiffness system ＂foundation--subsoil＂ and bonds （bi-directional bond and one-directional bond with and without friction）. The results of numerical calculations have proved that the relative stiffness of system ＂foundation--subsoil＂ affect considerably the value and the distribution of contact stresses （vertical normal and shear stresses） in the foundation gap and value of the displacements （settlement, deflection and relative deformations） of foundation. From the numerical point of view, this problem was solved by deformation variant of the FEM （finite element method）. The numerically obtained results were presented in the graphical and tabular forms. Obtained results were qualitative and quantitative compared with one another. From the calculation results it is obvious that relative stiffness of the system ＂foundation structure--subsoil＂ substantially affects distribution of contact stresses in the foundation subsoil and displacements （settlement, deflection and relative deformations, flexibility） of foundation. In the case of flexible foundations, the bond on the contact surfaces must be considered during the calculation. On the other hand, the effects of friction on the contact surface between the foundation and subsoil affect the distribution of contact stresses and deformations only to smaller extent.

Mohr space and its application to the activation prediction of pre-existing weakness

The activation coefficient equations in the"activation criterion of pre-existing weakness"are relatively complex and not easy to apply to specific applications.The relative activity of pre-existing weaknesses is often critical in geological analysis.The Mohr circle can be used only in two-dimensional stress analysis.By applying the"activation criterion of pre-existing weakness"and combining it with numerical analysis,we establish the correspondence between the pole(n,n)of a pre-existing weakness plane and its orientation in"Mohr space".As a result,the normal stress(n)and shear stress(n)of a pre-existing weakness plane can be readily expressed in Mohr space.Furthermore,we introduce the method and procedures for predicting the activation and relative activation of pre-existing weaknesses in Mohr space.Finally,we apply the Mohr space method and compare the predictions to sandbox modeling results and 3D seismic data.The results show that Mohr space can be used in stress analysis to estimate the activation of a pre-existing weakness in any triaxial stress state.

Investigation of Weakly Relativistic Ponderomotive Effects on Self-Focusing During Interaction of High Power Elliptical Laser Beam with Plasma

This paper presents an investigation of weakly relativistic ponderomotive effects on self-focusing during interaction of high power elliptical laser beam with plasma. The nonlinear differential equations for the beam width parameters of elliptical laser beam have set up by using Wentzal–Krammers–Brillouin(WKB) and paraxial approximations. These equations have been solved numerically by using fourth order Runge–Kutta method to study the variation of these beam width parameters against normalized distance of propagation. Effects of variation in laser beam intensity,plasma density and electron temperature on the beam width parameters are also analyzed.

Conversion potential energy and its application to thermodynamic optimization

In general,heat transfers can be classified into two categories according to the purposes of object heating or cooling and the heat to work conversion.Recently,a new physical quantity,entransy(or potential energy),was proposed to describe the ability of heat transfer with the former purpose.This paper addresses the concept of potential energy in terms of the heat transfer processes for the latter purpose,named the conversion potential energy.The physical meaning of this newly introduced concept is the potential energy for the heat to work conversion stored in the equivalent mass of heat(thermomass) derived on the basis of the Einstein's special theory of relativity.The dissipation of conversion potential energy occurs during the real irreversible heat to work conversion processes as a measure of the conversion irreversibility.Finally,a heat to work conversion problem of a heat exchanger group is provided to show that the minimum conversion potential energy dissipation rate can be used as an optimization criterion for the heat transfer performance with the purpose of the heat to work conversion.

Quantum Measurement and Extended Feynman Path Integral

Quantum measurement problem has existed many years and inspired a large of literature in both physics and philosophy,but there is still no conclusion and consensus on it.We show it can be subsumed into the quantum theory if we extend the Feynman path integral by considering the relativistic effect of Feynman paths.According to this extended theory,we deduce not only the Klein-Gordon equation,but also the wave-function-collapse equation.It is shown that the stochastic and instantaneous collapse of the quantum measurement is due to the "potential noise" of the apparatus or environment and "inner correlation" of wave function respectively.Therefore,the definite-status of the macroscopic matter is due to itself and this does not disobey the quantum mechanics.This work will give a new recognition for the measurement problem.