食物频率法评估贫血学生膳食铁摄入量的相对效度研究

目的以称重记录法结合24小时回顾法为参考方法,评估食物频率法应用于调查贫血学生膳食铁摄入量及其相关营养素和食物摄入量的相对效度。方法分别应用称重记录法结合24小时回顾法和食物频率法对156名10～14岁在校贫血学生进行膳食调查,计算平均每日膳食铁、血红素铁、非血红素铁、抗坏血酸、畜肉/禽肉/鱼肉和蛋类摄入量,采用Wilcoxon配对秩和检验、Spearman秩相关分析、交叉归类分析、替代分类的真实值分析评估食物频率法的准确度。结果与参考方法相比,食物频率法高估了贫血学生膳食铁摄入量及其相关营养素和食物摄入量,与参考方法调查结果的相关性较低。交叉归类分析、替代分类的真实值分析结果显示,食物频率法不能很好的区分营养素摄入量的不同水平。结论食物频率法应用于调查贫困地区贫血学生的膳食铁及相关营养素摄入量水平的准确性较低。

领导团队相对进步效度的一种动态测评方法

团队管理已经成为现代社会最佳的领导方式,以往的绝对进步效度(Absolute Progress Effectiveness)是通过领导团队绩效的对照期指标的比值来测算,本文应用数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis)方法,结合团队成员的有效努力程度,通过个体相对进步指数测算相对进步效度(Relative Progress Effectiveness),真实地反映领导团队在等参照前提下的有效进步程度,有利于领导团队的阶段性自检和渐进性发展。

企业领导团队相对进步效度的动态测评

领导团队的管理行为直接影响到企业的生存和发展。对领导团队的测评通常采用绝对进步效度,即通过领导团队绩效的对照期指标比值进行测算的方法。这种方法显然忽视了测评团队客观基础条件和环境的作用,难以反映出团队付出的努力所产生的变化。应用数据包络分析方法,结合领导团队的有效努力程度,通过个体相对进步指数测算相对进步效度,真实地反映领导团队在等参照前提下的有效进步程度,有助于领导团队的自我评价并为企业管理部门提供有效的测评依据。

领导者行为素质相对进步效度测评及会计处理

领导测评是现代社会核心人力资源开发的重要方式与手段。以往的领导测评是通过现期指标与基期指标的比值来测算绝对进步效度,而文章采用数据包络分析(DEA)方法,通过二次相对评价值与个体相对差异指数来测算相对进步效度,并对其测评结果进行会计处理。这将真实地反映领导者行为素质的有效进步情况。同时,人力资本与物力资本一样以平等的身份进入企业会计核算体系,以体现领导者这种人力资本的价值。

领导团队相对进步效度动态测评分析

领导团队已经成为现代社会管理的核心方式,以往大多通过领导团队绩效的对照期指标的比值来测算绝对进步效度,文章真实地反映了领导团队在同等参照前提下的有效进步程度,结合团队成员的有效努力程度和个体相对进步指数,应用数据包络分析方法来测算相对进步效度,将有助于领导团队的阶段性自评和持续性发展。

A Straightforward Method of Calculating Finely the Soft X-Ray Spectra of Hydrogenlike Highly Ionized-States

A new method of calculating finely the soft X ray spectra of hydrogenlike highly ionized states is presented. It is based on the relation of the ionicity and the ionization energies of hydrogenlike atoms and the new model of potential function of hydrogenlike atoms. The relativistic revision and the spin orbit couping of excitation energy levels are taken into account. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experiments.

Density Functional Study on Relative Energies, Structures, and Bonding ofLow-lying Electronic States of Lutetium Dimer

Low-lying electronic states of the lutetium dimer （Lu2） were studied based on density functional theory （DFT） using ten different density functionals together with three different relativistic effective core pseudopotentials （RECPs）. Relative state energies, equilibrium bond lengths, vibrational frequencies, and ground-state dissociation energies were evaluated. It was found that the ground state is a triplet state irrespective of the type of functional and RECP used. This result is in contrast with a previous DFT calculation which gave a singlet ground state for Lu2. By comparing with the high-level ab initio and available experimental results, it is evident that the hybrid-GGA functionals combined with the Stuttgart smallcore RECP yield the best overall agreement for the properties under study. The effects of Hartree-Fock exchange in B3LYP functional on the calculated bond length and dissociation energy of the ground state were examined, and rationalized in terms of 5d participation in Lu-Lu covalent bonding.

Effect of model errors in ambient air humidity on the aerosol optical depth obtained via aerosol hygroscopicity in eastern China in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project datasets

This analysis of the multi-model aerosol optical depth (AOD) in eastern China using the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) datasets shows that the global models underestimate the AOD by 33% and 44% in southern and northern China, respectively, and decrease the relative humidity (RH) of the air in the surface layer to 71%–80%, which is less than the RH of 77%–92% in reanalysis meteorological datasets. This indicates that the low biases in the RH partially account for the errors in the AOD. The AOD is recalculated based on the model aerosol concentrations and the reanalysis humidity data. Improving the mean value of the RH increases the multi-model annual mean AOD by 45% in southern China and by 33% in June–August in northern China. This method of improving the AOD is successful in most of the ACCMIP models, but it is unlikely to be successful in GISS-E2-R, in which the plot of its AOD efficiency against RH strongly deviates from the rest of the models. The effect of the improvement in the modeled RH on the AOD depends on the concentration of aerosols. The shape error in the frequency distribution of the RH is likely to be more important than the error in the mean value of the RH, but this requires further research.

Double linear strain distribution assumption of RC beam strengthened with external-bonded or near-surface mounted fiber reinforced plastic

Rehabilitation of existing structures with fiber reinforced plastic(FRP)has been growing in popularity because they offer superior performance in terms of resistance to corrosion and high specific stiffness.The strain coordination results of 34 reinforced concrete beams(four groups)strengthened with different methods were presented including external-bonded or near-surface mounted glass or carbon FRP or helical rib bar in order to study the strain coordination of the strengthening materials and steel rebar of RC beam.Because there is relative slipping between concrete and strengthening materials(SM),the strain of SM and steel rebar of RC beam satisfies the double linear strain distribution assumption,that is,the strain of longitudinal fiber parallel to the neutral axis of plated beam within the scope of effective height(h0)of the cross section is in direct proportion to the distance from the fiber to the neutral axis.The strain of SM and steel rebar satisfies the equation εGCH=βεsteel,where the value of β is equal to 1.1-1.3 according to the test results.

Study on the Biology and Epidemiology of Uncinula necator---The Causal Agent of Grape Powdery Mildew Disease

This study was carried out during 2007-2009 in the vineyards of Ardebil province of lran to study the biology and the epidemiology of Uncinula necator--the causal agent of grape powdery mildew disease. The study concentrated on the survival and the initiation of primary inoculum of the fungal causal agent. Results of histopathological experiments indicated that U. necator survived as mycelium in the dormant buds of the grapes during winter season. Results of study on the effect of environmental factors on fungus biology showed that the pathogenic activity of the fungus began when the temperature was between 16-19 ℃ with a relative humidity more than 50%. It was also found that optimum temperature and relative humidity for the sporulation of U.necator was 20-25 ~C and 50%-100% respectively. According to the results, fungal conidia were trapped during formation of 5-6 true leaves and first disease symptoms were observed on the clusters on late June after fruit formation. Fungal cleistothecia were observed abundantly at the end of season on the leaves, petioles and twigs but they were not able to survive during winter. Formation of ascospores on young leaves was proved but their role as the primary inoculum was not supported by the results of this study. Results of this study and the new findings on the biology and epidemiology of U.necator may be of national and international interests for the management of powdery mildew disease which is one of the most destructive diseases around the world including Iran.

The Asynchronous Phenomenon and Relative Efficiency of Tourism Resources in China Based on Panel Data for 31 Provinces from 2001 to 2009

We used panel data for 31 Chinese provinces from 2001 to 2009 and entropy methods to evaluate regional tourism resources endowment.Combined with regional tourism revenue,we constructed an asynchronous index and quantitatively evaluated every area＇s asynchronous phenomenon regarding tourism resources.We found that Chinese mainland tourism resources have asynchronous phenomenon： tourism is positively asynchronous in the east（Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin region） and negatively asynchronous in central and western China.The total efficiency of tourism resources in eastern China is mainly driven by pure technology efficiency and by scale efficiency in western China.In addition to some provinces,the ranking of provincial total efficiency and the asynchronous index has a strong positive correlation.We conclude with several suggestions for the development of tourism resources across China.

A new method to analyse pulsar nulling phenomenon

Pulsar hulling is a phenomenon of sudden cessation of pulse emission for a number of periods. The nulling fraction was often used to characterize the phenomenon. We propose a new method to analyse pulsar hulling phenomenon, by involving two key parameters, the nulling degree, X, which is defined as the angle in a rectangular coordinates for the numbers of nulling periods and bursting periods, and the nulling scale, N, which is defined as the effective length of the consecutive nulling periods and bursting periods. The nulling degree X can be calculated by tanX = Nnulling/Nbursting and the mean is related to the nulling fraction, while the nulling scale, N, is also a newly defined fundamental parameter which indicates how often the nulling occurs. We determined the distributions ofx and N for 10 pulsars by using the data in literature. We found that the nulling degree X indicates the relative length of nulling to that of bursting, and the nulling scale N is found to be related to the derivative of rotation frequency and hence the loss rate of rotational energy of pulsars. Their deviations reflect the randomness of the nulling process.