利用背景噪声格林函数交叉项成像研究台湾地区面波相速度结构

基于我国台湾地区24个宽频带地震台记录到的长达18个月的三分量连续波形数据,采用交叉项互相关方法提取了瑞雷波的经验格林函数张量,进而反演获得了台湾地区6-22 s周期的瑞雷波相速度分布图像,较好地刻画了该地区的地壳速度结构。结果显示:短周期图像上的滨海平原、屏东平原等呈低速特征,西部丘陵、中央山脉和海岸山脉呈高速特征;低速区域随相速度周期的增大而逐渐东移;中长周期图像上,中央山脉南北部均呈低速且南侧的速度较北侧低,表明欧亚板块和菲律宾海板块碰撞后的物质从东北和西南两个方向被侧向挤出时南部可能较北部活跃;台中-南投地区在对应深度附近的高速异常,表明新生代时期的澎湖地台在南海北缘的拉张与碰撞演化过程中,保留了其相对稳定的性质。

辽宁及邻区背景噪声相速度结构研究

收集辽宁及其周边地区(吉林、河北、山东、内蒙)70个宽频带地震仪2012年连续背景噪声波形数据,基于地震背景噪声层析成像方法,得到研究区面波群速度及相速度图像。利用台站对互相关方法,提取瑞利面波格林函数,采用时频分析法(FTAN)获取2416条相速度频散曲线,从中筛选1661条信噪比较高的频散曲线。将研究区以0.25°×0.25°进行网格化,采用Ditmar等提出的层析成像反演方法,得到周期10—40 s的瑞利面波群速度及相速度结构分布图。与群速度结果相比,分辨率更高,研究区大部可达0.5°×0.5°(局部可达0.25°×0.25°)。结果表明,辽宁地区地壳及上地幔面波相速度结构存在显著的横向不均匀性。在周期10—15 s的群速度图中,浅层及中上地壳速度分布与研究区地形地貌及主要地质构造单元具有较好的对应关系,盆地及沉积层低速,山区隆起高速,且在高低速转换带多为地震孕震区;在周期20—30 s相速度结构图中,下地壳至上地幔顶部深度范围内,相速度速度结构主要受地壳厚度及渤海湾内巨厚沉积层的影响,在海城至大连区域内出现的低速异常推测为地下热物质上涌;随着深度的增加,在周期30—40 s的相速度图中,速度分布逐渐受控于莫霍面起伏,明显变化出现在辽东半岛,由高速变为低速。

Phase-field simulation of lamellar growth for a binary eutectic alloy

Using general multi-phase-field model,detailed microstructures corresponding to different initial lamellar sets were simulated in a binary eutectic alloy with an asymmetric phase diagram.The simulation results show that regular or unstable oscillating lamellar structures depend on the initial lamellar widths of two solid phases.A lamellar morphology map associating with the initial widths has been derived,which is capable of showing the condition of forming various lamella structures.For instance,a regular lamella was formed with fast solidification while large lamella resulted from disorder growth with low interfacial velocity. The investigated interface velocities indicate that with fast solidification to form regular lamella,a disorder growth manner or a large lamellar spacing causes a low interface velocity.These results are in good agreement with those proposed by Jackson-Hunt model.

Numerical investigation of particle saltation in the bed-load regime

This paper numerically investigates particle saltation in a turbulent channel flow having a rough bed consisting of 2–3 layers of densely packed spheres.In this study,we combined three the state-of-the-art technologies,i.e.,the direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow,the combined finite-discrete element modelling of the deformation,movement and collision of the particles,and the immersed boundary method for the fluid-solid interaction.Here we verify our code by comparing the flow and particle statistical features with the published data and then present the hydrodynamic forces acting on a particle together with the particle coordinates and velocities,during a typical saltation.We found strong correlation between the abruptly decreasing particle stream-wise velocity and the increasing vertical velocity at collision,which indicates that the continuous saltation of large grain-size particles is controlled by collision parameters such as particle incident angle,local rough bed packing arrangement,and particle density,etc.This physical process is different from that of particle entrainment in which turbulence coherence structures play an important role.Probability distribution functions of several important saltation parameters and the relationships between them are presented.The results show that the saltating particles hitting the windward side of the bed particles are more likely to bounce off the rough bed than those hitting the leeside.Based on the above findings,saltation mechanisms of large grain-size particles in turbulent channel flow are presented.

Numerical modeling of oil spill containment by boom using SPH

The ocean environment is protected from oil pollution usually by using floating booms,which involves water-oil two-phase flow and strong fluid-structure interaction.In this paper,a modified multi-phase smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH) method is proposed to model oil spill containment by using a moving boom.Four major influencing factors including oil type,moving velocity and skirt angle of the boom,and water wave are investigated.The SPH simulation results demonstrate different typical boom failure modes found in laboratory experiments.It is shown that the ability of a boom in containing oil is not only affected by its own characteristics,but also closely related to external environmental factors.It is found that boom failure is more likely to happen for heavy oil,high boom velocity,negative skirt angle,and/or in the presence of water waves.

Effect of austenite grain size and accelerated cooling start temperature on the transformation behaviors of multi-phase steel

The transformation behaviors and microstructures of a low carbon multi-phase steel were investigated by the simulation of deformation-relaxation-accelerated cooling processing,using a Gleeble 3500 thermal-mechanical simulator.A pre-treatment of solid solution at 1200°C was implemented to minimize the influence on transformation from solid solution/precipitation qualities of 0.08%Nb in this steel.On this basis,the effect of austenite grain size and accelerated cooling start temperature were studied individually.The results indicated that the transformation of ferrite in multi-phase steel could be significantly promoted by the refinement of austenite grains and the increase of relaxation time,while the hard phase,such as lath bainite or martensite,could still be obtained with the following accelerated cooling.In contrast,more uniform lower temperature transformed microstructure could form from coarse grain austenite.The potential benefit of austenite grain size on adjusting the proportion of phases in multiphase steel was also discussed.