复数域加权最小二乘法在相量量测状态估计中的应用

基于相量量测的状态估计能提高状态估计的精度,而相量测量单元在高电压等级网络中的广泛配置为电力系统全相量量测状态估计提供了坚实的硬件基础,研究全相量量测状态估计意义重大。建立了基于全相量量测状态估计的量测方程,在此基础上建立了复数加权最小二乘法(complex field weighted least square,CWLS)状态估计模型。文中还对复数域下相量的误差特性和CWLS算法的抗差性进行了研究,同时详细分析了CWLS算法中权重的选取和不良数据的辨识。仿真结果表明了所建模型的合理性以及CWLS算法的有效性和适应性。

配电网小电流接地系统典型故障分析与处理

此文以配电网小电流接地系统典型故障分析与处理为主题,以目标电网的区域划分为切入点,总结了小电流接地系统单相接地故障的传统处理方式,以中性点不接地配电网永久性单相不完全接地故障为例,建立了电路模型,分析了故障特征和各电压的相量特性,提出了中性点不接地或经消弧线圈接地的配电网永久性单相不完全接地的故障相的判断方法;从运行方式的改变、配电自动化自动装置、故障选线选段和定位隔离的主流技术3个方面阐述了目前配电网小电流接地系统发生单相接地故障的处理过程。

Study of the Influence of Parent-brand Similarity,Association,and Complimentary Fit on Co-brand Attributes

In this paper,it investigates the factors affecting successive brand alliance in which two brands from different product categories are featured together to introduce a co-brand.Based on the brand alliance theories,the degree of association,similarity,and complimentary fit between parents brands are important factors in determining successive brand alliance.By using the 5P's,which are premium price,perceived quality,product features,performance,and perceived image,as the measuring scale in brand attributes for each brand,it has reflected the change of brand attributes of the brands before and after brand alliance.400 subjects participate in the research,and 360 of which are valid.From this study,we conclude that when association between parents turns from "-" to "+" and similarity from "-" to "0",there is a trend of descending of co-brand attributes.When fit between parents turns from "-" to "0",there is also a trend of descending of co-brand attributes.While fit between parents turns from "+" to "0",there is a trend of increasing of co-brand attributes.The results show an interesting pattern of interactions among factors,which has important implications for managers in co-brand marketing.These also provide researchers with promising avenues for further study in brand alliance.

Design of similarity measure for discrete data and application to multi-dimension

Similarity measure design for discrete data group was proposed. Similarity measure design for continuous membership function was also carried out. Proposed similarity measures were designed based on fuzzy number and distance measure, and were proved. To calculate the degree of similarity of discrete data, relative degree between data and total distribution was obtained. Discrete data similarity measure was completed with combination of mentioned relative degrees. Power interconnected system with multi characteristics was considered to apply discrete similarity measure. Naturally, similarity measure was extended to multi-dimensional similarity measure case, and applied to bus clustering problem.

Flow characteristics of three-phase foam in mine gob and its application

To study the flow characteristics of three-phase foam in gob area,different perfusion experiments in coal mine gob were designed and put forward in the paper.Through the observation of flow range,flow characteristics of three phase foam were analyzed with different flow rates.And,unsteady seepage process of three-phase foam was simulated with CFD software.Base on experiment and numerical simulation results,flow characteristics of three-phase foam and its major influence factors are discussed,and the optimal arrangement distribution of mine fire control drills is also determined.Research results show that the flow range and stacking height of three-phase foam in gob are significantly influenced by gravity.The vertical stacking height and horizontal diffusion distance of three-phase foam are also directly related to the flow volume of foam perfusion,the larger flow single hole perfusion volume,the higher stacking height and the longer diffusion distance could be obtained.

Property of Quantum Correlations with Correlated Noise

We analyze the classical and quantum correlation properties of the standard and so-called quasiclassical depolarizing channel with correlated noise and non-Markovian dephasing channel, specifically we use the quantum discord, entanglement, and measurement-induced disturbance （MID） to measure the quantum correlations. For the depolarizing channel, we find that the memory effect has more influence on the MID and quantum discord than entanglement. For the dephasing channel, we show that the non-Markovian dephasing channel is more robust than Markovian dephasing channel against deeoherence. We also find that at first MID and quantum discord take different values, and then after a specific time they will take almost the same value and both decay monotonically in the same way.

Phase Properties of Nonlinear Coherent States

Using the Pegg-Barnett formalism we study the phase probability distributions and the squeezing effects of measured phase operators in the nonlinear coherent states introduced by R.L. de Matos Filho and W. Vogel to describe the center-of mass motion of a trapped ion and the q-coherent states. Moreover, we have obtained the completeness relation of nonlinear coherent states and proved that the q-Fock state \n>(q) introduced in many papers is, in fact, the usual Fock state.

Testing for Nonlinearity in Dynamic Characteristics of Vertical Upward Oil-Gas-Water Three-phase Bubble and Slug Flows

Based on the conductance fluctuation signals measured from vertical upward oil-gas-water three-phase flow experiment, time frequency representation and surrogate data method were used to investigate dynamical characteristics of oil-in-water type bubble and slug flows. The results indicate that oil-in-water type bubble flow will turn to deterministic motion with the increase of oil phase fraction f o and superficial gas velocity U sg under fixed flowrate of oil-water mixture Q mix . The dynamics of oil-in-water type slug flow becomes more complex with the increase of U sg under fixed flowrate of oil-water mixture. The change of f o leads to irregular influence on the dynamics of slug flow. These interesting findings suggest that the surrogate data method can be a faithful tool for characterizing dynamic characteristics of oil-in-water type bubble and slug flows.

Using acoustic technique to detect leakage in city gas pipelines

For solving the difficult problem of leakage detection in city gas pipelines, a method using acoustic technique based on instantaneous energy (IE) distribution and correlation analysis was proposed. Firstly, the basic theory of leakage detection and location was introduced. Then the physical relationship between instantaneous energy and structural state variation of a system was analyzed theoretically. With HILBERT-HUANG transformation (HHT), the instantaneous energy distribution feature of an unstable acoustic signal was obtained. According to the relative contribution method of the instantaneous energy, the noise in signal was eliminated effectively. Furthermore, in order to judge the leakage, the typical characteristic of the instantaneous energy of signal in the input and output end was discussed using correlative analysis. A number of experiments were carried out to classify the leakage from normal operations, and the results show that the leakages are successfully detected and the average recognition rate reaches 93.3% among three group samples. It is shown that the method using acoustic technique with IED and correlative analysis is effective and it may be referred in other pipelines.

Action Recognition from a Different View

In this paper,we propose a novel approach to recognise human activities from a different view.Although appearance-based recognition methods have been shown to be unsuitable for action recognition for varying views,there must be some regularity among the same action sequences of different views.Selfsimilarity matrices appear to be relative stable across views.However,the ability to effectively realise this stability is a problem.In this paper,we extract the shape-flow descriptor as the low-level feature and then choose the same number of key frames from the action sequences.Self-similarity matrices are obtained by computing the similarity between any pair of the key frames.The diagonal features of the similarity matrices are extracted as the highlevel feature representation of the action sequence and Support Vector Machines(SVM) is employed for classification.We test our approach on the IXMAS multi-view data set.The proposed approach is simple but effective when compared with other algorithms.

Reliability and validity of Chinese version of a tool to assess the quality of life in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in patients with interstitial lung disease

Objective:This paper aims to determine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of a tool that assesses the quality of life in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(cATAQ-IPF)in patients with interstitial lung disease(ILD).Methods:We used the process of scale introduction to establish cATAQ-IPF.The content validity of the scale was evaluated by six experts.A total of 92 patients with ILD completed the cATAQ-IPF,St.George's respiratory questionnaire(SGRQ),and The Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale at the baseline,and 15 patients completed cATAQ-IPF at the follow-up period 2 weeks later.Thus,yielding data were used to assess various psychometric properties of cATAQ-IPE Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC),Cronbach'sαcoefficient,content validity index(CVI),item-level CVI(I-CVI),Pearson's coefficients,criterion-relation validity,and known-group validity were used for data analysis.Results:The cATAQ-IPF showed excellent test-retest reliability(ICC=0.95),except for the therapy domain(Cronbach'sα=0.60)and acceptable internal consistency(Cronbach'sα=0.96 for the total).The scale-level CVI was 0.80,and the I-CVI was in the range of 0.78-1.00.The total cATAQ-IPF score was strongly correlated with the SGRQ total score(r=0.71,P<0.01).The cATAQ-IPF score of patients with ILD was 250.74±47.39,and that of patients with IPF was 287.90±22.56.Patients with IPF possessed considerable impairments in health-related quality of life according to the cATAQ-IPF score(t=4.94,P<0.01).Conclusions:The cATAQ-IPF is a reliable and valid instrument for the evaluation of quality of life of Chinese patients with various forms of ILD.

On the Interpretation of the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics

This study discusses the information space, the wave function phase, the Berry phase and its relationship to quantization, discriminability of states and macroscopic quantum effects caused by localization of the particle, followed by a possible entropy change during its transition into a new thermodynamic state. This work addresses interference： it is the information waves which interfere; the particles follow their roadmap, and the measurement of their coordinates introduces an additional uncertainty into the momentum. It is not particles （matter） which manifest these wave properties but fluctuations of the physical space-time coordinates. Physical characteristics corresponding to the fluctuating variables, energy, momentum, etc., determine the magnitude of the respective fluctuations rather than the wave properties of matter. Matter possesses no wave properties. This work also discusses the difference between the objective information and knowledge.

The Influence of Particle Interactions on the Existence of Quantum Particles Properties

We propose a novel model, based on two postulates, which provide new perspective on the fundamental forces using special and general relativity concepts. Many studies address the relations between the particles and the space time manifold, and the latter＇s physical structure, whether it is Continuous or Discrete. In the proposed model the properties of the particles are classical in the sense of general relativity, whereas their quantum properties are arises due to the experiments.

Nonlinear Quantum Optical Springs and Their Nonclassical Properties

The original idea of quantum optical spring arises from the requirement of quantization of the frequency of oscillations in the Hamiltonian of harmonic oscillator. This purpose is achieved by considering a spring whose constant （and so its frequency） depends on the quantum states ofanother system. Recently, it is realized that by the assumption of frequency modulation of ω to ω √1＋ μα＋α the mentioned idea can be established. In the present paper, we generalize the approach of quantum optical spring with particular attention to the dependence or trequency to the intensity of radiation field that naturally observes in the nonlinear coherent states, from which we arrive at a physical system has been called by us as nonlinear quantum optical spring. Then, after the introduction of the generalized tlamiltonian of nonlinear quantum optical spring and it＇s solution, we will investigate the nonclassical properties of the obtained states. Specially, typical collapse and revival in the distribution functions and squeezing parameters, as particular quantum features, will be revealed.

A feature selection approach based on a similarity measure for software defect prediction

Software defect prediction is aimed to find potential defects based on historical data and software features. Software features can reflect the characteristics of software modules. However, some of these features may be more relevant to the class （defective or non-defective）, but others may be redundant or irrelevant. To fully measure the correlation between different features and the class, we present a feature selection approach based on a similarity measure （SM） for software defect prediction. First, the feature weights are updated according to the similarity of samples in different classes. Second, a feature ranking list is generated by sorting the feature weights in descending order, and all feature subsets are selected from the feature ranking list in sequence. Finally, all feature subsets are evaluated on a k-nearest neighbor （KNN） model and measured by an area under curve （AUC） metric for classification performance. The experiments are conducted on 11 National Aeronautics and Space Administration （NASA） datasets, and the results show that our approach performs better than or is comparable to the compared feature selection approaches in terms of classification performance.

Functional nanogenerators as vibration sensors enhanced by piezotronic effects

ZnO nanomaterials have been shown to have novel applications in optoelectronics, energy harvesting and piezotronics, due to their coupled semiconducting and piezoelectric properties. Here a functional nanogenerator （FNG） based on ZnO nanowire arrays has been fabricated, which can be employed to detect vibration in both self-powered （SP） and external-powered （EP） modes. In SP mode, the vibration responses of the FNG can be measured through converting mechanical energy directly into an electrical signal. The FNG shows consistent alternating current responses （relative error 〈 0.37%） at regular frequencies from 1 to 15 Hz. In EP mode, the current responses of FNG are significantly enhanced via the piezotronic effect. Under a forward bias of 3 V, the sensor presented a sensitivity of 3700% and an accurate measurement （relative error 〈 0.91%） of vibration frequencies in the range 0.05-15 Hz. The results show that this type of functional nanogenerator sensor can detect vibration in both SP and EP modes according to the demands of the applications.

Measurement-Based Interference in Quantum Computation

The interference has been measured by the visibility in two-level systems, which, however, does not work for multi-level systems. We generalize a measure of the interference based on decoherence process, consistent with the visibility in qubit systems. By taking duster states as examples, we show in the one-way quantum computation that the gate fidelity is proportional to the interference of the measured qubit and is inversely proportional to the interference of all register qubits. We also find that the interference increases with the number of the computing steps. So we conjecture that the interference may be the source of the speedup of the one-way quantum computation.

Analysis on spectral gain characteristics of PPMgLN based quasi-phase-matching optical parametric amplification

A deep understanding of the spectral gain characteristics of optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) and optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs) is important for a highly efficient optical parametric conversion. We numerically calculated the spectral gain characteristics of a quasi-phase-matching (QPM) parametric conversion process using the periodically poled 6% (mol/mol) MgO doped LiNbO3 (PPMgLN) as the nonlinear crystal. In the simulation we utilized the approach of a transformative matrix of the periodically poled nonlinear medium, which results from the small-signal approximation of three-wave mixed nonlinear equations. Numerical simulation results show that: (1) The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the spectral gain of the parametric process becomes wider with the increase of parametric wavelength and reaches the maximum at degeneration; (2) The gain coefficient decreases gradually with the increase of parametric wavelength; (3) The spectral gain bandwidth decreases correspondingly with the increase of the nonlinear material length; (4) There exists an optimal parametric wavelength band, which is most suitable for the high gain parametric conversion when pumped by a laser source with a wide wavelength band, such as the high power fiber laser.

Influence of ring-down cavity parameters on intensity transmission property in trace gas concentration measurement

In this paper, we describe the basic principles and system design of continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy （CWCRDS）. We also particularly study the nature and the behavior of a novel method to detune a laser and apply it to a cavity ring-down spectroscopy experiment. Both simulations and experiments are completed on the relation between the transmission characteristic and different refiectivities, as well as scanning speed. Output electric field equation is deduced. It has been investigated that how photons are coupled to the cavity and how to accumulate the intensity and leak out of the cavity as a function of time. It is noted that both accumulation of intensity and decay times decrease, and the oscillation amplitude increases as the reflectivity increases. Relative intensity increases with decreasing scanning velocity. Additionally, the simulations show that a non-detuned cavity displays the transmitted signals which are highly dependent on the mirror reflectivity and piezoelectric translator （PZT） modulation speed. Simulations also display that the laser switching off is different from dettming.