Objective To establish albumin-creatinine ratio （ACR） reference value of the rural population in Hebei province. Methods This study enrolled 5154 participants. By excluding subjects with hypertension, diabetes, dys...Objective To establish albumin-creatinine ratio （ACR） reference value of the rural population in Hebei province. Methods This study enrolled 5154 participants. By excluding subjects with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, kidney diseases, and overweight condition, as well as those with an estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR）（60 ml/（min· 1.73 m^2）, apparently healthy subjects （1168） were selected. Urine albumin was measured by using the immunoturbidimetic method, serum creatinine was measured by using Jaffe＇s kinetic method on a morning spot-urine sample, and ACR was calculated. The 95th percentile of ACR in the healthy subjects was used as the normal upper limit. Results The normal upper limit of ACR was 28.71 mg/g （3.25 mg/retool） for males and 31.85 mg/g （3.60 rag/retool） for females. Based on this ACR reference value, the age-gender standardized prevalence of albuminuria in the rural areas of Hebei province was 12.9%. Conclusion The ACR reference value in the rural of Hebei province is higher than that of the Western population.展开更多
We report a fossil specimen referable to Sinomastodontinae gen. et sp. indet, from the Neogene strata at Yanghecun locality, Xihe County, Gansu Province, China. The specimen is characterized by a brevirostrine mandibl...We report a fossil specimen referable to Sinomastodontinae gen. et sp. indet, from the Neogene strata at Yanghecun locality, Xihe County, Gansu Province, China. The specimen is characterized by a brevirostrine mandible, complete pretrite trefoils, and relatively simple posttfite half lophids, showing typical features of Sinomastodon. It differs from the other known species of Sinomastodon by the following features： relatively short and wide m3 due to fewer lophid numbers, less inflated pretrite ac- cessory central conules, poorly developed secondary trefoils and cementum, and relatively strong cingulid. All of these fea- tures indicate a bias towards pleisiomorphies of Sinomastodon, implying that this specimen is more ancestral than any known species of Sinomastodon. The symphysis of the new specimen is relatively long, which differs from the typical brevirostrine Sinomastodon, and thus we consider it a gen. et sp. indet, in the Subfamily Sinomastodontinae. In addition, the horizon in which the present specimen was found probably represents the Upper Miocene because it is lower than Pliocene strata yielding Hipparion （Proboscidipparon） pater. Generally, Sinomastodon is considered to have migrated from North America at about the time of the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, and to have been derived from a certain clade of American gomphotheres. However, the discovery of the Yanghecun specimen verifies that Sinomastodon lived in East Asia during the Late Miocene, and probably derived from Old World gomphotheres （e.g., G. wimani）. The similarity between the members of the Subfamilies Sinomastodontinae and those of Cuvieroniinae is suggested to have been the result of parallel evolution.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2007CB512201)the Program of Health Policy for blindness prevention from China+2 种基金the Key Technologies R&D Program(2006-10903)from the Science and Technology Bureau of Handan City,Hebei Province,Chinaa program from Beijing Tongren Hospitalkey discipline fund of Health Bureau,Handan City,Hebei Province,China
文摘Objective To establish albumin-creatinine ratio （ACR） reference value of the rural population in Hebei province. Methods This study enrolled 5154 participants. By excluding subjects with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, kidney diseases, and overweight condition, as well as those with an estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR）（60 ml/（min· 1.73 m^2）, apparently healthy subjects （1168） were selected. Urine albumin was measured by using the immunoturbidimetic method, serum creatinine was measured by using Jaffe＇s kinetic method on a morning spot-urine sample, and ACR was calculated. The 95th percentile of ACR in the healthy subjects was used as the normal upper limit. Results The normal upper limit of ACR was 28.71 mg/g （3.25 mg/retool） for males and 31.85 mg/g （3.60 rag/retool） for females. Based on this ACR reference value, the age-gender standardized prevalence of albuminuria in the rural areas of Hebei province was 12.9%. Conclusion The ACR reference value in the rural of Hebei province is higher than that of the Western population.
基金supported by Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB03020104)National Basic Research Program of China(GrantNo.2012CB821900)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41372001,41002010,40730210)the Important Research Plan of IVPP
文摘We report a fossil specimen referable to Sinomastodontinae gen. et sp. indet, from the Neogene strata at Yanghecun locality, Xihe County, Gansu Province, China. The specimen is characterized by a brevirostrine mandible, complete pretrite trefoils, and relatively simple posttfite half lophids, showing typical features of Sinomastodon. It differs from the other known species of Sinomastodon by the following features： relatively short and wide m3 due to fewer lophid numbers, less inflated pretrite ac- cessory central conules, poorly developed secondary trefoils and cementum, and relatively strong cingulid. All of these fea- tures indicate a bias towards pleisiomorphies of Sinomastodon, implying that this specimen is more ancestral than any known species of Sinomastodon. The symphysis of the new specimen is relatively long, which differs from the typical brevirostrine Sinomastodon, and thus we consider it a gen. et sp. indet, in the Subfamily Sinomastodontinae. In addition, the horizon in which the present specimen was found probably represents the Upper Miocene because it is lower than Pliocene strata yielding Hipparion （Proboscidipparon） pater. Generally, Sinomastodon is considered to have migrated from North America at about the time of the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, and to have been derived from a certain clade of American gomphotheres. However, the discovery of the Yanghecun specimen verifies that Sinomastodon lived in East Asia during the Late Miocene, and probably derived from Old World gomphotheres （e.g., G. wimani）. The similarity between the members of the Subfamilies Sinomastodontinae and those of Cuvieroniinae is suggested to have been the result of parallel evolution.
