Water uses in small and middle-sized rivers, and non-ecological treatment model has deteriorated local environment in Shandong. The research reviewed ecological environment status quo of small and middle rivers and co...Water uses in small and middle-sized rivers, and non-ecological treatment model has deteriorated local environment in Shandong. The research reviewed ecological environment status quo of small and middle rivers and concluded existing problems. Finally, ecological treatments were proposed based on treatments at home and abroad in order to improve eco-environment of rivers and build better Shandong.展开更多
Karst rocky desertification is one of the major ecological and environmental problems that threaten the sustainable development of southwestern China. It is caused by irrational and intensive land-use patterns in kars...Karst rocky desertification is one of the major ecological and environmental problems that threaten the sustainable development of southwestern China. It is caused by irrational and intensive land-use patterns in karst geo-ecological environment. Therefore, it is vital to identify how human forces work on this degraded environment. Based on the soil erosion information in 2000 and remote sensing images of Guanling County collected in 2000 and 2007, four grades of karst rocky desertification data in 14 villages of Guanling County were extracted. Impacts of population, affluence, and other human forces on karst rocky desertification were analyzed using STIRPAT model. The results show that:1) Factors of population and affluence had strong influence on karst rocky desertification. In the STIRPAT model analysis, the population and affluence coefficients were positive, indicating that the increase in population and affluence would lead to more serious desertification. 2) Factors of farmer correlated with karst rocky desertification negatively, especially the way of viewing the relationship between people and nature, and the level of knowledge about rocky desertification. Government behavior was not a significant factor in this analysis. 3) The findings provide evidence that STIRPAT model can be used to analyze the relationship between human driving forces and rocky desertification.展开更多
The problem of water resources has become a bottleneck for the sustainable development of Beijing and Hebei Province (the two regions together are called "Jingji Region" for short).It is imperative to establ...The problem of water resources has become a bottleneck for the sustainable development of Beijing and Hebei Province (the two regions together are called "Jingji Region" for short).It is imperative to establish an effective and equitable water resources ecological compensation (eco-compensation) mechanism.The three stages of water resources eco-compensation are expatiated here namely the eco-compensation missing stage,ecocompensation start stage and the eco-compensation development stage.Through the establishment of eco-compensation game model based on the game theory,the reasons of the formation for the three stages were analyzed,as well as the conversion conditions from non-cooperative game to cooperative game among the related stakeholders including the central government,the water recipient government and the water source government.Furthermore,this study pointed out that the water resources eco-compensation in Jingji Region was not established based on the institution,but formed and developed in coping with the challenges of water crisis.However,institution construction is quite essential in game process for the water recipient government and the water source government.Finally recommendations in four areas including legalization of eco-compensation mechanism,setting up compensation standards,leading industrial upgrading and developing related incentives and constraints were concluded.展开更多
At present, the social security problems of the disabled in most rural areas are more prominent. There is a big gap between their social security needs and the system and policies. It is an important task for the rura...At present, the social security problems of the disabled in most rural areas are more prominent. There is a big gap between their social security needs and the system and policies. It is an important task for the rural disabled to help the disabled to get rid of poverty and to solve their food and clothing. It is an important task to build a new socialist countryside and build a well-offsociety in an all-round way. It needs to be more effectively solved in the system construction of social security and social services. This paper, taking the rural of Shuyang County of Jiangsu Province as the research object, analyzes the situation and demand of the social security of the disabled in China, points out its existing problems and outs forward some countermeasures and suggestions.展开更多
Desertification is the most serious environmental problem in the world today. Fractal feature of granularity composition was studied by using the fractal theory in view of desertification soil in Fuxin district, there...Desertification is the most serious environmental problem in the world today. Fractal feature of granularity composition was studied by using the fractal theory in view of desertification soil in Fuxin district, thereby evolution patterns of desertification was promulgated. The result shows that the self-formation degree of the developing desertification areas is higher than the relatively steady desertification areas. Evolution of desertification is beginning of forming sandy soil of framework composition, and then the sandy soil be came complex by the effect of environment, climate and anthropo-activity.展开更多
The present study investigates the testees' test-taking process for banked cloze, focusing on the following two aspects: the information sources and strategies. Employing simultaneous introspection and immediate r...The present study investigates the testees' test-taking process for banked cloze, focusing on the following two aspects: the information sources and strategies. Employing simultaneous introspection and immediate retrospection, the study is conducted among 18 non-English major students. After examining their test-taking processes, a framework for analyzing testees' test-taking processes for banked cloze test is put forward. And then the researcher applies this framework to analyze the testees' protocols. Results show that regarding information sources, clause-level information accounts for the largest proportion, followed by text-level information, sentence-level information and extra-textual information, and in terms of strategies, the testees show a clear preference for bottom-up processing strategies, followed by top-down processing strategies and test-wise processing strategies. The verbal protocols have further revealed that the proficient readers seem to have a context-based reading model and they prefer to grasp the gist of the text, whereas the less proficient readers often employ word-based approaches and they are apt to identify parts of the text.展开更多
This paper deals with a constrained stochastic linear-quadratic（LQ for short）optimal control problem where the control is constrained in a closed cone. The state process is governed by a controlled SDE with random c...This paper deals with a constrained stochastic linear-quadratic（LQ for short）optimal control problem where the control is constrained in a closed cone. The state process is governed by a controlled SDE with random coefficients. Moreover, there is a random jump of the state process. In mathematical finance, the random jump often represents the default of a counter party. Thanks to the Ito-Tanaka formula, optimal control and optimal value can be obtained by solutions of a system of backward stochastic differential equations（BSDEs for short）. The solvability of the BSDEs is obtained by solving a recursive system of BSDEs driven by the Brownian motions. The author also applies the result to the mean variance portfolio selection problem in which the stock price can be affected by the default of a counterparty.展开更多
Infectious conjunctivitis is no longer a common eye disease in cities and developed areas, but in remote mountainous regions of China where living conditions are relatively under-developed, the occurrence of infectiou...Infectious conjunctivitis is no longer a common eye disease in cities and developed areas, but in remote mountainous regions of China where living conditions are relatively under-developed, the occurrence of infectious conjunctivitis remains a public health issue. Here, we evaluate the ratio of infectious conjunctivitis among primary school students in the rural areas of Xunhua, Huangyuan, and Huzhu Counties in the Qinghai province of China, and report the microorganisms involved in causing infection. Of the 765 eligible primary school students, 694 participated to this study(a response rateof 90.7%), 381 boys and 313 girls, with a mean age of 7.52 years(range 7–9 years). A clinical diagnosis of infectious conjunctivitis was returned for 238 of the 694 children examined. The ratio of infectious conjunctivitis in Xunhua County(46.64%) was higher compared to that in Huangyuan(26.67%; P=0.03) and Huzhu Counties(23.61%; P=0.02). The leading cause of conjunctivitis was bacterial, followed by chlamydial and viral. Our results show that there is a high ratio of infectious conjunctivitis among rural primary school students in Qinghai province.展开更多
基金Supported by Shandong Province Soft Science Research Program(2015RKB01158)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2014DL002)Research Initiation Funds for the Introduced Talents in Taishan University(Y-01-2014019)~~
文摘Water uses in small and middle-sized rivers, and non-ecological treatment model has deteriorated local environment in Shandong. The research reviewed ecological environment status quo of small and middle rivers and concluded existing problems. Finally, ecological treatments were proposed based on treatments at home and abroad in order to improve eco-environment of rivers and build better Shandong.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40801039,40801066,41001183)
文摘Karst rocky desertification is one of the major ecological and environmental problems that threaten the sustainable development of southwestern China. It is caused by irrational and intensive land-use patterns in karst geo-ecological environment. Therefore, it is vital to identify how human forces work on this degraded environment. Based on the soil erosion information in 2000 and remote sensing images of Guanling County collected in 2000 and 2007, four grades of karst rocky desertification data in 14 villages of Guanling County were extracted. Impacts of population, affluence, and other human forces on karst rocky desertification were analyzed using STIRPAT model. The results show that:1) Factors of population and affluence had strong influence on karst rocky desertification. In the STIRPAT model analysis, the population and affluence coefficients were positive, indicating that the increase in population and affluence would lead to more serious desertification. 2) Factors of farmer correlated with karst rocky desertification negatively, especially the way of viewing the relationship between people and nature, and the level of knowledge about rocky desertification. Government behavior was not a significant factor in this analysis. 3) The findings provide evidence that STIRPAT model can be used to analyze the relationship between human driving forces and rocky desertification.
基金sponsored by the program of CDRF-GM Young Professionals in Development Study (PHD Dissertations Fellowship) set by China Development Research Foundation in 2009
文摘The problem of water resources has become a bottleneck for the sustainable development of Beijing and Hebei Province (the two regions together are called "Jingji Region" for short).It is imperative to establish an effective and equitable water resources ecological compensation (eco-compensation) mechanism.The three stages of water resources eco-compensation are expatiated here namely the eco-compensation missing stage,ecocompensation start stage and the eco-compensation development stage.Through the establishment of eco-compensation game model based on the game theory,the reasons of the formation for the three stages were analyzed,as well as the conversion conditions from non-cooperative game to cooperative game among the related stakeholders including the central government,the water recipient government and the water source government.Furthermore,this study pointed out that the water resources eco-compensation in Jingji Region was not established based on the institution,but formed and developed in coping with the challenges of water crisis.However,institution construction is quite essential in game process for the water recipient government and the water source government.Finally recommendations in four areas including legalization of eco-compensation mechanism,setting up compensation standards,leading industrial upgrading and developing related incentives and constraints were concluded.
文摘At present, the social security problems of the disabled in most rural areas are more prominent. There is a big gap between their social security needs and the system and policies. It is an important task for the rural disabled to help the disabled to get rid of poverty and to solve their food and clothing. It is an important task to build a new socialist countryside and build a well-offsociety in an all-round way. It needs to be more effectively solved in the system construction of social security and social services. This paper, taking the rural of Shuyang County of Jiangsu Province as the research object, analyzes the situation and demand of the social security of the disabled in China, points out its existing problems and outs forward some countermeasures and suggestions.
文摘Desertification is the most serious environmental problem in the world today. Fractal feature of granularity composition was studied by using the fractal theory in view of desertification soil in Fuxin district, thereby evolution patterns of desertification was promulgated. The result shows that the self-formation degree of the developing desertification areas is higher than the relatively steady desertification areas. Evolution of desertification is beginning of forming sandy soil of framework composition, and then the sandy soil be came complex by the effect of environment, climate and anthropo-activity.
基金a small part of the research project,"A Chronological Study on the CET Washback"(07BYY030)National Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of China
文摘The present study investigates the testees' test-taking process for banked cloze, focusing on the following two aspects: the information sources and strategies. Employing simultaneous introspection and immediate retrospection, the study is conducted among 18 non-English major students. After examining their test-taking processes, a framework for analyzing testees' test-taking processes for banked cloze test is put forward. And then the researcher applies this framework to analyze the testees' protocols. Results show that regarding information sources, clause-level information accounts for the largest proportion, followed by text-level information, sentence-level information and extra-textual information, and in terms of strategies, the testees show a clear preference for bottom-up processing strategies, followed by top-down processing strategies and test-wise processing strategies. The verbal protocols have further revealed that the proficient readers seem to have a context-based reading model and they prefer to grasp the gist of the text, whereas the less proficient readers often employ word-based approaches and they are apt to identify parts of the text.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.10325101,11171076)the Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leaders Plan(No.14XD1400400)
文摘This paper deals with a constrained stochastic linear-quadratic（LQ for short）optimal control problem where the control is constrained in a closed cone. The state process is governed by a controlled SDE with random coefficients. Moreover, there is a random jump of the state process. In mathematical finance, the random jump often represents the default of a counter party. Thanks to the Ito-Tanaka formula, optimal control and optimal value can be obtained by solutions of a system of backward stochastic differential equations（BSDEs for short）. The solvability of the BSDEs is obtained by solving a recursive system of BSDEs driven by the Brownian motions. The author also applies the result to the mean variance portfolio selection problem in which the stock price can be affected by the default of a counterparty.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81470607)
文摘Infectious conjunctivitis is no longer a common eye disease in cities and developed areas, but in remote mountainous regions of China where living conditions are relatively under-developed, the occurrence of infectious conjunctivitis remains a public health issue. Here, we evaluate the ratio of infectious conjunctivitis among primary school students in the rural areas of Xunhua, Huangyuan, and Huzhu Counties in the Qinghai province of China, and report the microorganisms involved in causing infection. Of the 765 eligible primary school students, 694 participated to this study(a response rateof 90.7%), 381 boys and 313 girls, with a mean age of 7.52 years(range 7–9 years). A clinical diagnosis of infectious conjunctivitis was returned for 238 of the 694 children examined. The ratio of infectious conjunctivitis in Xunhua County(46.64%) was higher compared to that in Huangyuan(26.67%; P=0.03) and Huzhu Counties(23.61%; P=0.02). The leading cause of conjunctivitis was bacterial, followed by chlamydial and viral. Our results show that there is a high ratio of infectious conjunctivitis among rural primary school students in Qinghai province.
