后真相时代新闻的拟真化转向

真实是新闻的生命。在资本全球扩张、互联网大平台对数据进行干扰与扭曲、视听刺激加速等多维影响下,新闻的"真实"呈现虚拟、片面、互动、故事等特征。在信息茧房、沉默螺旋和信息瀑布等诸多效应的传播逻辑下,网络平台对大众进行选择性投喂,将真相的呈现方式从"理性稳定"偏向"感性高频",使真相传播情绪化和热点化,而这一切的根本动因是后真相时代,科技创新让传播和接受方式加速迭代,资本与机构影响和控制新闻传播的能力日益加强,新闻真相呈现出更为强烈的趋利避害特点,加上受众主观上其他因素的作用,新闻出现了拟真化转向。

“拟真化”与“形式化”孰重孰轻——基于高中立体几何课程资源开发的探讨

“拟真化”与“形式化”是数学课程资源开发的一对对立概念。“拟真化”是“形式化”的基础,“拟真化”是偏于个体的经验,在物性数量关系或空间形式特点的基础上解决问题。“形式化”摆脱了“拟真化”物性具体特点的束缚,在心智观念上,利用已经建立的数学模式解决问题。“形式化”体现了更深层次的作为课程的数学资源。在新课标中,开发高中立体几何课程资源应处理好这两者的关系,更好地发挥立体几何内容的教育价值。

诗意化·拟真化·戏谑化——中国当代文学刑罚叙事的三种范式

在中国当代文学的刑罚叙事中,余华、莫言、王小波代表了三种典型的风格类型,即诗意化、拟真化和戏谑化。余华的刑罚叙事虽然包含写实的成分,但加入了更多浪漫主义的想象与抒情,他将叙述者诗意的情怀撒向血肉分离的场景,写出了酷刑在感知世界的诗意形态。莫言的刑罚叙事奉行了写实主义的精神,他对酷刑细节无微不至地展示甚至逼近自然主义的领地;莫言借助感知语言、生理词汇/器官词汇和直截了当的叙述,呈现了一个极致拟真化的刑罚世界。王小波的刑罚叙事更接近后现代派,他采用戏拟、反讽、黑色幽默等后现代派的艺术手法,将刑罚置于性话语的戏谑之中,以致酷刑变成一出荒诞的滑稽戏。在美学与伦理的天平中,无论余华、莫言还是王小波,都或多或少地倾向了美学实践而违背或偏离了生命伦理。

高中数学课程资源开发中的拟真化与形式化述议

在课程资源开发的过程中,坚持拟真化与形式化,是一个课程资源开发思路从模糊走向清晰、从宏观走向微观的过程.拟真化实际上追求的是将抽象的知识向形象化还原(对应着课程资源开发的过程),要求学生在学习的过程中将抽象的文字描述转化为形象的图景描述;课程资源开发的形式化,强调的是将文字信息转化为符号语言或图像语言,其强调学生在信息加工的过程中利用数学模型来解释信息.高中数学课程资源开发应建立拟真化与形式化两种思路,这样不仅能够优化课程资源开发的过程,而且能够优化学生的学习过程.

基于三维矿山软件的煤矿储量拟真化研究

做好煤层储量的拟真化计算,对于合理制定资源的投资和回收计划、设计采排方案、指导生产、建设智慧矿山都具有重要意义。相比传统的几何图形地质统计方法,利用3Dmine三维矿山软件空间数学插值法,能够构建连续的煤层三维空间模型,实现煤层空间位置的精确定位和煤层储量的拟真化评估,为煤矿勘探和开发提供精确依据。

Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2) composite photocatalyst:Preparation and synergistic degradation performance of toluene

TiO_(2) nanobelts and Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2) catalytic materials were prepared using the hydrothermal method.The cat-alyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray electron spectroscopy,and fluorescence spectroscopy.At room temperature,with a relative humidity of 50.0%,the total gas flow rate of 1.0 L·min-1,the space velocity of 1.05×10^(4) h^(-1),and toluene volume concentration of 25.0µL·L^(-1),two 6 W vacuum ultraviolet lamps were used as light sources to catalyze,degrade,and mineralize toluene.The results show that the prepared catalyst is in the shape of nano-ribbons.The loading of Co_(3)O_(4) inhibits the recombina-tion of photogenerated electrons and holes and can effectively improve the catalytic performance.The Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2) with a load of 6.0%Co_(3)O_(4) has the best catalytic effect.When N2 was used as a carrier gas,the degradation rate of tol-uene was only 34.7%.The toluene degradation is mainly due to the photolysis of vacuum ultraviolet light.When air was used as a carrier gas,O_(3) was produced.The Co_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2) with a load of 6.0%and vacuum ultraviolet synergistical-ly promote toluene degradation.The highest degradation rate of toluene was 91.7%and the mineralization rate was 74.6%.The degradation rate of toluene was 2.6 times that of nitrogen as a carrier gas.

Process Optimization of Cu-en/AP Composite Microspheres Preparation by Electrostatic Spray Method Based on ANSYS Simulation

To investigate the process optimizationof Cu-en/AP composite microspheres preparation via electrostatic spraying,and to reveal the effects of droplet properties and flow rate variations on the experimental results during the electrostatic spraying process,the prepared process parameters of Cu-en/AP composite microspheres by electrostatic spray method under the orthogonal experimental design simulated by ANSYS(Fluent).The influence of flow rate,solvent ratio,and solid mass on the experimental results is examined using a controlled variable method.The results indicate that under the conditions of a flow rate of 2.67×10^(-3)kg/s an acetone-to-deionized water ratio of 1.5∶1.0,and a solid mass of 200 mg,the theoretical particle size of the composite microspheres can reach e nanoscale.Droplet trajectories in the electric field remain stable without significant deviation.The simulation results show that particle diameter decreases with increasing flow rate,with the trend leveling off around a flow rate of 1×10^(-3)kg/s.As the solvent ratio increases(with higher acetone content),particle diameter initially decreases,reaching a minimum around a ratio of 1.5∶1.0 before gradually increasing.Increasing the solid mass also reduces the particle diameter,with a linear increase in diameter observed at around 220 mg.Cu-en/AP composite microspheres with nanoscale dimensions were confirmed under these conditions by the final SEM images.

Extraction of aluminum from alumina by disproportionation process of AlCl in vacuum

The extraction conditions of aluminum by the disproportionation process of A1C1 in vacuum were investigated using alumina and graphite as raw materials, including reaction temperature, pre-reaction and condenser structure. The results show that the extent of the reaction between alumina and carbon increases with increasing reaction temperature at 1643-1843 K; however, the extraction rate of aluminum increases firstly, and reaches the highest at 1743 K, and then decreases with rise in reaction temperature. The pre-reaction of alumina and carbon increases the extraction rate of aluminum. The impurities C, AlaC3 and A1203 in the aluminum product are reduced with reducing the contact surface of the aluminum with CO and with decreasing the condensation temperature, depending on the structure of the condenser.

Preparation of TiC powders by carbothermal reduction method in vacuum

The preparation of fine TiC powders by carbothermal reduction of TiO2 in vacuum was investigated by XRD,SEM,XRF and laser particle sizer.Thermodynamic analysis indicates that it is easy to prepare TiC in vacuum and the formation sequence of products are Ti4O7（Magneli phase）,Ti3O5,Ti2O3,TiCxO1-x and TiC with the increase of reaction temperature.Experimental results demonstrate that TiC powders with single phase are obtained with molar ratio of TiO2 to C ranging from 1：3.2 to 1：6 at 1 550 ℃ for 4 h when the system pressure is 50 Pa,and TiC1.0 is gained when the molar ratio of TiO2 to C is 1：4 and 1：5.In addition,fine TiC1.0 powders（D50 equals 3.04 μm） with single phase and low impurities are obtained when the molar ratio of TiO2 to C is 1：4.SEM observation shows that uniform shape,low agglomeration,and loose structure are observed on the surface of block product.

Chemical Constituents of One Species of Endophytic Fungus in Taxus chinensis

Three compounds were obtained from the mycelia of an endophytic fungus Gliocladium sp. (designated as strain F) of Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehd. growing in Fujian Province, China. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis. (20S,22S)-4a-homo-22-hydroxy-4-oxaergosta-7,24(28)-dien-3-one was a novel compound. 4,8,12,16-tetramethyl-1,5,9,13-tetraoxacyclohexadecane-2,6,10,14-tetraone was firstly isolated from the genus ofGliocladium and 6,9-epoxyergosta-7,22-dien-3-ol was firstly obtained from the strain F.

Thermodynamics on formation of C, Al_4C_3 and Al_2O_3 in AlCl disproportionation process in vacuum to produce aluminum

The formation conditions of C, Al4C3 and Al2O3 in the Al Cl disproportionation process in vacuum to produce aluminum was investigated by thermodynamics analysis. It is demonstrated that the required temperatures for the reactions to form these impurities, the disproportionation of CO and the reactions of metallic aluminum with CO, decrease with decreasing pressure. The lg pCO-1/T diagram of metallic aluminum-CO system agrees with the experimental results, indicating that the reaction rate is very high and this system in vacuum is approximately in equilibrium; therefore, the equilibrium diagram can be used to predict the possible reactions in this system in vacuum.

Preparation of metal zinc from hemimorphite by vacuum carbothermic reduction with CaF_2 as catalyst

Zn reduction was investigated by the vacuum carbothermic reduction of hemimorphite with or without CaF2 as catalyst.Results indicate that CaF2 can catalyze the carbothermic reduction of zinc silicate,decrease the reaction temperature and time.The lower the reaction temperature and the more the amount of CaF2,the better the catalytic effect.The optimal process condition is obtained as follows：the addition of about 10% CaF2,the reaction temperature of 1373 K,the molar ratio of C to ZnTotal of 2.5,the pressure of system lower than 20 kPa,the reaction time of about 40 min.Under the optimal process condition,the zinc reduction rate is about 93% from hemimorphite.

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Upland Rice Oxidative Stress Induced by Cu and Pb Contamination in Soil

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycor-rhizal fungi on upland rice oxidative stress induced by Cu and Pb contamination in soil. [Method] The upland rice seeds were sowed in pots, in which the soil was previously mixed with a certain amount of Glomus mosseae and 0, 100 and 200 mg/kg Cu, or 0, 300 and 600 mg/kg Pb. In the control treatment, Glomus mosseae was inactivated before mixed into the soil. Then, the physiological and chemical properties of the aboveground parts of rice plants were measured at mature stage. [Result] Compared with the control treatment （NM）, Glomus mosseae （GM） treat-ment inhibited the POD, CAT and SOD activity while increased the soluble protein content under 100 mg/kg Cu and 300 mg/kg Pb treatment, improved the POD and CAT activity and soluble protein content while decreased SOD activity under 200 mg/kg Cu. SOD and POD activity showed no significant difference between NM and GM treatment under 600 mg/kg Pb, but the CAT activity was enhanced and soluble protein content was decreased. [Conclusion] This study wil provide theoretical refer-ence for bioremediation of soil heavy metal pol ution.

Optimization of SSR Reaction System for Identifying the Authenticity of Maize Hybrids

[Objective]The aim was to optimize SSR reaction system applied in the identification of authenticity of maize variety.[Method]The technical parameters of SSR including PCR reaction system,annealing temperature and electrophoresis time were optimized to identify 10 major maize varieties in Liaoning Province.[Result]The optimum PCR reaction system was：14.60 μl sterile ultrapure water,2.00 μl 10 × Buffer（Mg2＋）,1.20 μl dNTPs,0.20 μl Taq enzyme,0.50 μl each of the forward and reverse primers and1.00 μl DNA stock solution.Annealing temperature and electrophoresis time could greatly influence the results of PCR amplification.The optimal annealing temperature and electrophoresis time required for the ideal electrophoresis bands under the same conditions were different when different primers were used.[Conclusion]The system was feasible to be applied in rapid identification of authenticity of hybrid maize varieties.

Effect of Different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Strains on Mineral Nutrition and Antioxidant Enzymes of Chrysanthemum morifolium

[Objective] The purpose was to study the effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi strains（AMF）on the mineral nutrition and antioxidant enzymes of Chrysanthemum morifolium.[Method] The pot experiment was conducted in the greenhouse,C.morifolium ＇Jinba＇ was inoculated with five kinds of AMF,N,P,K,malondial dehyde（MDA）content,as well as the superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD） and catalase（CAT） activity in roots,leaves and petals of C.morifolium were measured at seedling and flowering stages.[Result] The G.i,G.e and G.m treatments could promote mineral nutrient absorption,increase N,P,K content in roots,leaves and petals of C.morifolium compared with the control without inoculation.The G.d、G.e and G.m treatments could significantly reduce MDA content in roots and petals,thus alleviating membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation.The G.i treatments could also improve the SOD,POD and CAT activities of C.morifolium,thereby increasing the capability of scavenging oxygen free radicals.[Conclusion] According to the comprehensive analysis,G.i was screened out as the best strain to improve mineral nutrition and antioxidant enzyme activities of C.morifolium.

SIMULATION STUDY OF CHAOS IN DC-DC CONVERTER

A DC DC buck converter c on trolled by naturally sampled, constant frequency PWM is considered. The existe nce of chaotic solutions and the output performance of the system under differen t circuit parameters are studied. The transforming pattern of system behavior fr om steady state to chaotic is discovered by the cascades of period doubling bi furcation and the cascades of periodic orbit in V I phase space. Accordingl y, it is validated that change of values of the circuit parameters may lead DC DC converter to chaotic motion. Performances of the output ripples fro m steady state to chaotic are analyzed in time and frequency domains respective ly. Some important conclusions are helpful for opt imization design of DC DC converter.

Growth of Strained Si_(1-x)Ge_x Layer by UV/UHV/CVD

Strained Si_ 1-xGe_x and Si materials are successfully grown on Si substrate by ultraviolet light chemical vapor deposition under ultrahigh vacuum at a low substrate temperature of 450℃ and 480℃,respectively.At such low temperature,autodoping effects from the substrate and interdiffusion effects at each interface could be suppressed efficiently.The strained Si_ 1-xGe_x and multilayer Si_ 1-xGe_x/Si structures are examined by X-ray diffraction,SMIS,etc.,and it is found that the materials have good crystallinity and the rising and falling edges are steep.The technique has a capability of growing high-quality Si_ 1-xGe_x/Si strained layers.

Effects of vacuum pre-oxidation process on thermally-grown oxides layer of CoCrAlY high temperature corrosion resistance coating

The influence of the certain specific vacuum pre-oxidation process on the phase transformation of thermally-grown oxides（TGO） was studied.The CoCrAlY high temperature corrosion resistance coatings were produced onto the nickel-based superalloy substrate by high velocity oxygen fuel（HVOF）.It suggests that the TGO usually consists of a great number of chromium oxides,cobalt oxides and spinel oxides besides alumina during the initial period of the high temperature oxidation if the specimens are not subjected to the appropriate vacuum pre-oxidation process.Furthermore,the amount of alumina is strongly dependent on the partial pressure of oxygen;while the CoCr2O4 spinel oxides are usually formed under the conditions of higher partial pressure of oxygen during the initial period and the lower partial pressure of oxygen during the subsequent period of the isothermal oxidation.After the appropriate vacuum pre-oxidation process,the TGO is mainly composed of alumina that contains lower Y element,while alumina that contains higher Y element sporadically distributes,and the spinel oxides cannot be found.After a longer period of the isothermal oxidation,a small amount of porous CoCr2O4 and the chrome oxide sporadically distribute near the continuous alumina.Additionally,after the appropriate vacuum pre-oxidation process,the TGO growth rate is relatively slow.

Separation and Purification of Antioxidant Endophytic Fungi from Stevia Leaves

[Objective] The aim was to separate and purify antioxidant endophytic fun- gi from Stevia leaves. [Method] Stevia leaves were used as materials for endophytic fungi screening and purification. Then, liquid culture was conducted to test fermented supernatant abilities of antioxidant, DPPH free radical clearing and chemilumines- cence inhibition. [Result] Forty two endophytic fungi were separated from F01 to F42. F41 was proved to be the strongest in antioxidant aspect; F37 was the strongest in DPPH clearing; F02, F07, F20, F25, F37, and F416 stood out in a comprehensive comparison of the above aspects. Flow injection chemiluminescenct method was used to test the above six fermentation liquors, and the results showed that antioxidant abilities of the six were quite strong for all of chemiluminescence rates were over 70%. Through preliminary morphological identification, bacterial colony was found white or yellowy and only F02 was of dissepiment. [Conclusion] Fungi with high-antioxidation activities were separated, which paved the way for future research.

Structural Determination of Three Sphingolipids from Two Marine-derived Mangrove Endophytic Fungal Strains

A set of three sphingolipids, N-2′-hydroxyplmitoyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-9-methyl-4E, 8E-sphingadiene （A）, N-2′-hydroxyl-3′E-octadecenoyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-9-methyl-4E, 8E-sphingediene （B） and N-palmitoyldihydrosphingosine （C）, were isolated from two marine-derived mangrove endophytic fungal strains （strains No. 1924 and 3893） from the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by 2D NMR and FABMS methods. It is the first time that these sphingolipids were separated and obtained from marine-derived mangrove endophytic fungus from the South China Sea.