铜冶炼硒渣“密闭熔炼-真空蒸馏精炼”法产业化实践

介绍了云铜科技公司真空冶炼提硒工艺的升级改造,针对"密闭熔炼-真空蒸馏精炼"法提纯粗硒技术的工业化实践及所取得的试生产效果作了概述。

Thermodynamics of removing impurities from crude lead by vacuum distillation refining

A novel technique was developed to remove impurities from crude lead by vacuum distillation.The thermodynamics on vacuum distillation refining process of crude lead was studied by means of saturated vapor pressure of main components of crude lead,separation coefficients and vapor-liquid equilibrium composition of Pb-i（i stands for an impurity） system at different temperatures.The behaviors of impurities in the vacuum distillation refining process were investigated.The results show that the vacuum distillation should be taken to obtain lead from crude lead,in which Zn,As and partial Sb are volatilized at lower temperature of 923-1023 K.Lead is distilled from the residue containing Cu,Sn,Ag and Bi at higher temperature of 1323-1423 K,but the impurity Bi is also volatilized along with lead and cannot be separated from lead.

Vacuum distillation refining of metallurgical grade silicon(Ⅰ)——Thermodynamics on removal of phosphorus from metallurgical grade silicon

The removal of impurity phosphorus from metallurgical grade silicon is one of the major problems on purification of metallurgical grade silicon for solar grade silicon preparation. The thermodynamics on vacuum refining process of the metallurgical grade silicon was studied via separation coefficient of impurity phosphorus in the metallurgical grade silicon and vapor-liquid equilibrium composition diagram of Si-P binary alloy at different temperatures. The behaviors of impurity phosphorus in the vacuum distillation process were examined. The results show that the vacuum distillation should be taken to obtain silicon with less than 10-7 P,and the impurity phosphorus is volatilized easily by vacuum distillation in thermodynamics. Phosphorus is distilled from the molten silicon and concentrated in vapor phase.

高杂质硫化铜精矿火法冶炼新工艺研究

高杂质硫化铜精矿冶炼过程中,大量杂质元素无有效开路,在系统内不断循环累积,给生产造成很大的困难。本研究借鉴钢铁冶金解决类似问题的思路,提出在熔炼与吹炼间添加真空蒸馏精炼工序,一次性高效、环保地从冰铜中脱除铅、锌、砷、锑、铋、锡6种杂质元素,为冶炼高杂质铜精矿提供技术支持。

Vacuum distillation refining of metallurgical grade silicon(Ⅱ)——Kinetics on removal of phosphorus from metallurgical grade silicon

The kinetics on vacuum refining process of metallurgical grade silicon was studied using maximum evaporation rate,critical pressure and mean free path of phosphorus in the metallurgical grade silicon at different temperatures. The behaviors of impurity phosphorus in the vacuum distillation process were examined in detail. The results show that the fractional vacuum distillation should be taken to obtain silicon with high purity. Impurity phosphorus volatilize with the maximum evaporation rate of 1.150×105- 1.585×106 g/(cm2·min) in the temperature range of 1 073-2 173 K and the pressure below 2.1 Pa. Because the value of ωmax,P is at least 108 times of ωmax,Si,Si hardly evaporates and remains in the residual,which indicates that phosphorus can be removed from metallurgical grade silicon(MG-Si) completely.

中国粗锑精炼研究现状与展望

我国是全球最大的锑生产国,但因锑资源的快速消耗,锑的生产已由以辉锑矿为主转向以处理含锑复杂多金属共生矿为主.目前,我国广泛应用的火法炼锑工艺处理含锑复杂多金属共生矿均不理想,适合处理含锑复杂多金属共生矿的湿法炼锑工艺将是锑生产发展的重要方向.因此,现有的粗锑精炼工艺能否满足未来锑生产发展的需要值得关注.结合粗锑精炼的基本要求,对粗锑碱性火法精炼、水溶液电解精炼、真空蒸馏精炼、熔盐电解精炼以及联合精炼工艺的特点以及面临的问题进行评述,总结归纳了当前各精炼工艺的研究现状.碱性火法精炼工艺适合处理火法炼锑工艺产出的粗锑,水溶液电解精炼工艺和真空蒸馏精炼工艺适合处理含贵金属粗锑,熔盐电解精炼工艺可用于高纯锑生产,联合精炼工艺用于难处理粗锑的精炼.在此基础上,指出传统的碱性火法精炼工艺应着重开发多用途高效复合除杂剂,并提出了将真空蒸馏精炼工艺和碱性火法精炼工艺配合使用的粗锑精炼新方向.