The oligosaccharide elicitor from the mycelial wall of an endophytic Colletotrichum sp. B501 promoted the production of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. hairy root culture. When hairy roots of 22-day-old cultures (la...The oligosaccharide elicitor from the mycelial wall of an endophytic Colletotrichum sp. B501 promoted the production of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. hairy root culture. When hairy roots of 22-day-old cultures (later growth phase) were exposed to the elicitor (20 mg/L) for 4 d, the maximum content of artemisinin reached 1.15 mg/g, a 64.29% increment over the control. The electron X-ray microanalysis disclosed the rapid accumulation of Ca 2+ in the elicited cortical cells of hairy root. The electronic microscope observation revealed the high electron density area in vacuole of elicited cells. During the first day of elicitation the peroxidase activity of hairy roots was improved sharply. Some cellular morphological changes including cell shrinkage, condensation of cytoplasm and nuclear fragmentation, coincident with the appearance of DNA ladders, were observed after the third day of elicitation. It was suggested that the oligosaccharide elicitor triggered the programmed cell death, which may provide the substance or chemical signal for artemisinin biosynthesis.展开更多
The polar and nonpolar extracts of Colpomenia sinuosa, Padina pavonia, Cystoseira barbata and Sargassum vulgare collected during spring, summer and autumn were evaluated for their antifungal activities. The phytochem...The polar and nonpolar extracts of Colpomenia sinuosa, Padina pavonia, Cystoseira barbata and Sargassum vulgare collected during spring, summer and autumn were evaluated for their antifungal activities. The phytochemicals of unexplored seaweeds were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometric （GC/MS）. The algal extracts were tested for their antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Penicillium parasiticus, Candida utilis and Fusarium solani. Phytochemicals were extracted from the four seaweeds with various solvents including methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform and dimethyl ether. Among the various extracts, methanolic extract showed the highest inhibition activity on all fungal species. Seasonal variation in antifungal activity was studied, while methanol extracts showed the best antifungal activity in spring. Cystoseira barbata was the most effective seaweed, having anatifungal activity throughout the whole year. The UV-Vis phytochemical procedure and GC-MS analysis of the methanol extracts from tested species indicated the existence of different constituents. In conclusions, the compounds with antifungal activity were identified as indoles, terpenes, acetogenins, phenols, and volatile halogenated hydrocarbons.展开更多
The sugar beet root rot and Bayoud disease, respectively caused by Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum albedinis, are major agricultural problems in Morocco, affecting its economical and social conditions. As of...The sugar beet root rot and Bayoud disease, respectively caused by Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum albedinis, are major agricultural problems in Morocco, affecting its economical and social conditions. As of now, no effective control method of these phytopathogens is available. Therefore the search for new efficient and ecologically undamaging fungicides was essential. The present study reports the antifungal activity of five organic extracts of Corrigiola telephiifolia Pourr., a Moroccan medicinal plant, against these fungi using mycelial growth inhibition assays （in vitro）. The extracts concentration varied from 0.01 to 1 mg.mlt. Also, preliminary information on the chemical composition of the extracts is included. The results showed a difference in sensitivity of both fungi toward the plant extracts. The mycelia growth of Sclerotium rolfsii was concentration and time-dependant. It was markedly inhibited by the polar extracts especially at high dose （p〈 0.001）. While Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis was much less sensitive.展开更多
This study was undertaken to explore new antifungal compounds from the methanolic extract of G. sinaicus. Two cardenolide compounds were isolated and identified by GC-MS as cardenolide glycoside, 15-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-de...This study was undertaken to explore new antifungal compounds from the methanolic extract of G. sinaicus. Two cardenolide compounds were isolated and identified by GC-MS as cardenolide glycoside, 15-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-dehydrocalotropin and cardenolide genin, 3,4,5,6-dehydrocalotropagenin. The antifungal activity of these compounds was assessed. Results revealed that both compounds showed pronounced fungicidal activity against both soil borne fungi, R. solani, F. oxysporium, and postharvest fungi, R. stolonifer, P. digtatum, compared to the standard fungicides, flutolanil and copper oxychloride, respectively. The ECs0 values of the cardenolide genin were 0.703, 13.63 and 4.22, 8.403 lag/mL forR. solani, F. oxysporium andR. stolonifer, P. digtatum respectively. On the other hand, the ECs0 values of the standard fungicide, flutolanil, were 9.49 and 61.22 ~tg/mL against R. solani and F. oxysporium. While the ECso values of copper oxychloride were 279.94 and 187.13 p.g/mL against R. stolonifer and P. digtatum, respectively. The results showed that cellulase, PME, PPO of the tested fungi was more sensitive than to cardenolide genin. The strong antifungal activity of cardenolide genin reported in this study indicated that has a potential to be used as fungicides.展开更多
Decomposed manure extracts of cattle, sheep, poultry, horse and their composition of antagonistic fungi were evaluated to suppress phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani, one of the most important causes of chickpea damping...Decomposed manure extracts of cattle, sheep, poultry, horse and their composition of antagonistic fungi were evaluated to suppress phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani, one of the most important causes of chickpea damping-off. In vitro, the dual culture test used the criteria to evaluate antagonistic potential of fungal isolates that associated with different manures, in addition to assessment severity of Rhizoctonial damping-off of chickpea seedlings in potting media Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus were highly colonized each of manure extract. Results of dual culture observed the significant reduction of the pathogens mycelial growth （70.9%） when one disc of R. solani was placed in the center and three discs of antagonistic were placed in the periphery of plates. However, the mycelial growth of R. solani evidenced a higher inhibition （48.62%） when cultured with the antagonistic of Penicillium sp.. Sheep and poultry manure extracts reduced the pathogen＇s growth by 47.24% and 49.2%, respectively. Severity rating of Rhizoctonial damping-off was decreased to 0.2 when using poultry manure containing antagonistic fungus of A. terreus, other treatments of composted soil were similarized in their results of disease index.展开更多
The present study was conducted to investigate antifungal activity ofLawsonia inermis （Henna plant）. Leaf samples of the plants were collected from Eastern Nile of Khartoum state, Sudan. Ethanol and petroleum ether ...The present study was conducted to investigate antifungal activity ofLawsonia inermis （Henna plant）. Leaf samples of the plants were collected from Eastern Nile of Khartoum state, Sudan. Ethanol and petroleum ether extracts in various concentrations were obtained by maceration （cold method）. The extracts were bioassay in vitro to know their bioactivity to inhibit the growth of tested fungi. The cup plate agar diffusion method was adopted to assess the antifungal activity of the extracts against tested yeasts while agar incorporated method was used for other molds. Both extracts revealed anti fungal activity against all yeast strains except Pichiafabianii which was found resistant to both ethanol and ether extracts. The results displayed antifungal activity against tested fungi. Minimum mould concentration （MMC） of the extracts was determined. The obtained results revealed antifungal activity of henna leaves extracts which support the traditional use of the Henna in therapy of fungal infections. The possibility of therapeutic use of Sudanese henna as antifungal agents is recommended.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To report some of the pharmacological features of the medicinal plant Ocimum basilicum.METHODS: In the current studies, Antifungal activity of crude methanolic fraction of Ocimum basilicum was determined ag...OBJECTIVE: To report some of the pharmacological features of the medicinal plant Ocimum basilicum.METHODS: In the current studies, Antifungal activity of crude methanolic fraction of Ocimum basilicum was determined against eight pathogenic fungal strains using tube dilution assay. The methanolic fraction was also investigated for phytotoxic and hemagglutination activity.RESULTS: Of the eight strains investigated only Candida albicans and Curvilaria lunata were found to be least affected by plant extract while the rest were significantly inhibited. Moderate phytotoxic activity was observed against lemna minor. Hemagglutination activity showed absence of phytolectins and hence no agglutination of erythrocytes.CONCLUSION: The crude extract of Ocimum basilicum has significant properties against fungi and phytotoxic substances.展开更多
文摘The oligosaccharide elicitor from the mycelial wall of an endophytic Colletotrichum sp. B501 promoted the production of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. hairy root culture. When hairy roots of 22-day-old cultures (later growth phase) were exposed to the elicitor (20 mg/L) for 4 d, the maximum content of artemisinin reached 1.15 mg/g, a 64.29% increment over the control. The electron X-ray microanalysis disclosed the rapid accumulation of Ca 2+ in the elicited cortical cells of hairy root. The electronic microscope observation revealed the high electron density area in vacuole of elicited cells. During the first day of elicitation the peroxidase activity of hairy roots was improved sharply. Some cellular morphological changes including cell shrinkage, condensation of cytoplasm and nuclear fragmentation, coincident with the appearance of DNA ladders, were observed after the third day of elicitation. It was suggested that the oligosaccharide elicitor triggered the programmed cell death, which may provide the substance or chemical signal for artemisinin biosynthesis.
文摘The polar and nonpolar extracts of Colpomenia sinuosa, Padina pavonia, Cystoseira barbata and Sargassum vulgare collected during spring, summer and autumn were evaluated for their antifungal activities. The phytochemicals of unexplored seaweeds were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometric （GC/MS）. The algal extracts were tested for their antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Penicillium parasiticus, Candida utilis and Fusarium solani. Phytochemicals were extracted from the four seaweeds with various solvents including methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform and dimethyl ether. Among the various extracts, methanolic extract showed the highest inhibition activity on all fungal species. Seasonal variation in antifungal activity was studied, while methanol extracts showed the best antifungal activity in spring. Cystoseira barbata was the most effective seaweed, having anatifungal activity throughout the whole year. The UV-Vis phytochemical procedure and GC-MS analysis of the methanol extracts from tested species indicated the existence of different constituents. In conclusions, the compounds with antifungal activity were identified as indoles, terpenes, acetogenins, phenols, and volatile halogenated hydrocarbons.
文摘The sugar beet root rot and Bayoud disease, respectively caused by Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum albedinis, are major agricultural problems in Morocco, affecting its economical and social conditions. As of now, no effective control method of these phytopathogens is available. Therefore the search for new efficient and ecologically undamaging fungicides was essential. The present study reports the antifungal activity of five organic extracts of Corrigiola telephiifolia Pourr., a Moroccan medicinal plant, against these fungi using mycelial growth inhibition assays （in vitro）. The extracts concentration varied from 0.01 to 1 mg.mlt. Also, preliminary information on the chemical composition of the extracts is included. The results showed a difference in sensitivity of both fungi toward the plant extracts. The mycelia growth of Sclerotium rolfsii was concentration and time-dependant. It was markedly inhibited by the polar extracts especially at high dose （p〈 0.001）. While Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis was much less sensitive.
文摘This study was undertaken to explore new antifungal compounds from the methanolic extract of G. sinaicus. Two cardenolide compounds were isolated and identified by GC-MS as cardenolide glycoside, 15-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-dehydrocalotropin and cardenolide genin, 3,4,5,6-dehydrocalotropagenin. The antifungal activity of these compounds was assessed. Results revealed that both compounds showed pronounced fungicidal activity against both soil borne fungi, R. solani, F. oxysporium, and postharvest fungi, R. stolonifer, P. digtatum, compared to the standard fungicides, flutolanil and copper oxychloride, respectively. The ECs0 values of the cardenolide genin were 0.703, 13.63 and 4.22, 8.403 lag/mL forR. solani, F. oxysporium andR. stolonifer, P. digtatum respectively. On the other hand, the ECs0 values of the standard fungicide, flutolanil, were 9.49 and 61.22 ~tg/mL against R. solani and F. oxysporium. While the ECso values of copper oxychloride were 279.94 and 187.13 p.g/mL against R. stolonifer and P. digtatum, respectively. The results showed that cellulase, PME, PPO of the tested fungi was more sensitive than to cardenolide genin. The strong antifungal activity of cardenolide genin reported in this study indicated that has a potential to be used as fungicides.
文摘Decomposed manure extracts of cattle, sheep, poultry, horse and their composition of antagonistic fungi were evaluated to suppress phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani, one of the most important causes of chickpea damping-off. In vitro, the dual culture test used the criteria to evaluate antagonistic potential of fungal isolates that associated with different manures, in addition to assessment severity of Rhizoctonial damping-off of chickpea seedlings in potting media Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus were highly colonized each of manure extract. Results of dual culture observed the significant reduction of the pathogens mycelial growth （70.9%） when one disc of R. solani was placed in the center and three discs of antagonistic were placed in the periphery of plates. However, the mycelial growth of R. solani evidenced a higher inhibition （48.62%） when cultured with the antagonistic of Penicillium sp.. Sheep and poultry manure extracts reduced the pathogen＇s growth by 47.24% and 49.2%, respectively. Severity rating of Rhizoctonial damping-off was decreased to 0.2 when using poultry manure containing antagonistic fungus of A. terreus, other treatments of composted soil were similarized in their results of disease index.
文摘The present study was conducted to investigate antifungal activity ofLawsonia inermis （Henna plant）. Leaf samples of the plants were collected from Eastern Nile of Khartoum state, Sudan. Ethanol and petroleum ether extracts in various concentrations were obtained by maceration （cold method）. The extracts were bioassay in vitro to know their bioactivity to inhibit the growth of tested fungi. The cup plate agar diffusion method was adopted to assess the antifungal activity of the extracts against tested yeasts while agar incorporated method was used for other molds. Both extracts revealed anti fungal activity against all yeast strains except Pichiafabianii which was found resistant to both ethanol and ether extracts. The results displayed antifungal activity against tested fungi. Minimum mould concentration （MMC） of the extracts was determined. The obtained results revealed antifungal activity of henna leaves extracts which support the traditional use of the Henna in therapy of fungal infections. The possibility of therapeutic use of Sudanese henna as antifungal agents is recommended.
基金Supported by University of Peshawar(Bio-activities of methanolic extracts of Ocimum basilicum)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To report some of the pharmacological features of the medicinal plant Ocimum basilicum.METHODS: In the current studies, Antifungal activity of crude methanolic fraction of Ocimum basilicum was determined against eight pathogenic fungal strains using tube dilution assay. The methanolic fraction was also investigated for phytotoxic and hemagglutination activity.RESULTS: Of the eight strains investigated only Candida albicans and Curvilaria lunata were found to be least affected by plant extract while the rest were significantly inhibited. Moderate phytotoxic activity was observed against lemna minor. Hemagglutination activity showed absence of phytolectins and hence no agglutination of erythrocytes.CONCLUSION: The crude extract of Ocimum basilicum has significant properties against fungi and phytotoxic substances.
