接种顺序和固含率对餐厨垃圾真菌水解效果的影响

为了使餐厨垃圾水解成为优良的营养素来源,采用对淀粉和蛋白质具有不同分解偏好的2种菌种来水解餐厨垃圾,研究了不同接种顺序和餐厨垃圾初始固含率展对水解效果的影响。结果表明,不同的接种顺序对发酵48 h后的还原糖产量及96 h后的游离氨基氮产量有着显著的影响,其中先接种螺旋巴克斯霉(Backusella circina)后接种黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)的处理还原糖和游离氨基氮的产量最优。初始固含率为2.5%时,真菌产淀粉酶和蛋白酶的效果最佳,分别为382.4和212.3 U·m L^(-1)。餐厨垃圾初始固含率在1.25%~10%的范围内,还原糖、游离氨基氮产量与餐厨垃圾初始固含率呈线性增加的关系:初始固含率每增加1%能多产生还原糖1.14 g,游离氨基氮11.38 mg。

高蛋白含量餐厨垃圾水解真菌的筛选和应用

从足癣患者病灶部位分离及筛选出12株真菌,其中4株真菌在蛋白质培养基和淀粉水解培养基菌落水解圈直径与菌落直径比(D/d)表现突出。经ITS-5.8S r DNA鉴定分别为Tritirachium oryzae,Paecilomyces sp.,Aspergillus puniceus,Septoriella oudemansii。优化4株真菌的最适发酵温度,并选出优良菌株用于高蛋白含量餐厨垃圾(A)降解。液体发酵结果表明,温度和菌株对游离氨基氮和还原糖产量有显著影响,47℃为最适发酵温度,并且Aspergillus puniceus、Septoriella oudemansii显著优于其他真菌。因此,分别接种Aspergillus puniceus,Septoriella oudemansii以及Aspergillus puniceus和Septoriella oudemansii复合菌株到餐厨垃圾(B),预先进行固态发酵,5 d后进行液态发酵。24 h后发酵液中还原糖的浓度达到最大值,分别为12 080、9 832和13 123 mg·L^(-1),发酵108 h后游离氨基氮浓度达到最大值,分别为3 660、2 821和3 375 mg·L^(-1)。研究表明,Aspergillus puniceus和Septoriella oudemansii复合菌株对还原糖产量有一定的促进作用,但是不利于游离氨基氮的产生。Aspergillus puniceus为最佳菌种,可以应用于高蛋白含量餐厨垃圾的生物降解和高附加值产品的开发等相关方面的研究。

Isolation and Identification of an Acidophilic Fungus and Analysis on the Secreted Glycoside Hydrolases

[Objective] This study aimed to isolate an acidophilic fungus and analyze the acidophilic enzymes secreted by this fungus. [Method] A heterotrophic fungus was isolated from the leaching solution of a uranium ore in Jiangxi Province using oligotrophic acid selective medium （pH 2.5）, and was named RBS-6. This strain was then identified according to its colony morphology and molecular indicator rDNA-ITS. Finally, the glycoside hydrolases secreted by RBS-6 were analyzed. [Result] This fungus RBS-6 was acidophilic, and grew best at pH4.0. Its rDNA-ITS sequence shared the highest homology （98%） with that of Phialophora sp. CGMCC 3329 （GU 082377）. So it was identified as a fungus of Phialophora sp., and was temporarily named as Phialophora sp. RBS-6. It can produce six glycoside hydrolases, in cluding α-galactosidase glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β-mannanase and β-glucanase. All the enzymes were acidophilic, for which the optimum reaction pH was 3.0-4.0. Among them, β-glucanase exhibited the highest activity at pH 3.5 and 50 ℃; in addition, it was heat-stable as 58% of the enzyme activity was remained after incubation at 50 ℃ for 60 min. [Conclusion] The isolated fungus which was identified as an acidophilic member of Phialophora sp., was a new strain producing acidophilic enzymes. This study supplied new data for the research on Phialophora fungi.

Study of cellulolytic soil fungi and two nova species and new medium

This study is aimed at identifying and determining the percentage of occurrence frequency of cellulose decomposing soil fungi. The soil samples were inoculated into culture plates prepared in Sabouraud medium under sterilized conditions and incubated at 30 ℃ for 4 to 7 d. The identified fungal species were incubated in self-designed cellulose medium for testing their cellulolytic ability. Forty-two species, including2 nova species, representing sixteen genera showed growth and sporulation in the cellulose medium. Most of the isolated species were from genus Aspergillus and Penicillium. Aspergillus niger and Mucor hiemalis showed highest occurrence frequency （45% and 36% respectively）, as these species were collected from about 80% of soil samples. Being agar free and cheaper, the new fungal medium designed showed results equivalent to Sabouraud medium.