四种无胃真骨鱼肠道L细胞的免疫组织化学研究

应用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ技术，用高血糖素抗血清对鲢、鳙、团头鲂、银鲫的肠道内分泌细胞进行了免疫组织化学研究。４种鱼肠道中均显示出Ｌ细胞，分布密度各不相同，鲢肠中分布最多，银鲫肠中最少。Ｌ细胞位于肠褶各部，染色深褐，细胞以两端皆具突起的梭形细胞为主，多位于肠上皮细胞之间并与之平行；亦有少数未见突起的椭圆形细胞，多分布于上皮基部近基膜处。部分Ｌ细胞横卧于上皮基部与基膜贴近，突起伸向相邻细胞。少数Ｌ细胞位于固有膜内，细胞长轴与基膜平行，形状典型。鲢和银鲫的部分肠段的肠上皮细胞中，胞核上部高尔基体区及上皮基部巨噬细胞亦见阳性反应，本文对此现象进行了讨论。

6种有胃真骨鱼消化系统比较解剖的研究

对６种淡水有胃真骨鱼的消化系统进行了比较解剖观测。描述了与摄食有关的齿、咽喉齿、舌和鳃耙的形态学特征；测量了体长、头长、吻长、口裂宽、口腔长。对几种鱼胃的形态、幽门盲囊、肝、胰脏、胆囊进行了描述；测量了食道长、胃长、胃直径、肠长、消化道长和腹腔长；并计算了有关比值。

8种有胃真骨鱼消化道降钙素免疫活性细胞的定位及形态学研究

应用过氧化物酶标记的链霉卵白素免疫细胞化学技术对鳜、大口黑鲈、尼罗非鲫、短盖巨脂鲤、鲇、黄颡鱼、黄鳝和乌鳢等8种有胃真骨鱼消化道粘膜中降钙素免疫活性内分泌细胞进行了免疫细胞化学定位及形态学比较．结果表明，在尼罗非鲫、鳜和大口黑鲈消化道的任何部位均未见到阳性反应。另外5种鱼消化道的不同部位可不同程度地见到阳性细胞，其中黄颡鱼的整个消化道均有降钙素免疫活性的阳性反应；黄鳝和乌鳢的肠道中则无阳性反应，但在它们的胃以及黄鳝的食道中见到阳性细胞；鲇除食道中没有发现阳性细胞外，消化道各段中均有阳性细胞的存在；短盖巨脂鲤则仅在食道中发现阳性细胞。降钙素免疫活性细胞在肠道中的形态大多为长校形，胞体膨大，胞核是空油状，有两个相对的胞突分别伸向肠腔和基膜；胃中的降钙素细胞在位于胃上皮细胞之间时形状多为较短的梭形，而位于胃腺中时其形状较前者更加粗、短，胞突短小，常常呈不规则形状沿胃腺管边缘分布。

辽东苏子河盆地聂尔库组的真骨鱼化石兼论长头狼鳍鱼的系统位置

本文记述了辽东聂尔库组所产的骨舌鱼超目二新属——聂尔库鱼(Nieerkunia gen. nov.)、苏子鱼(Suziichthys gen. nov.)和狼鳍鱼科(Lycopteridae)属种未定的材料.文中将长头狼鳍鱼(Lycoptera longicephalus)订正为狼鳍鱼科—新属——辽西鱼(Liaoxiichthys gen. nov.),并认为聂尔库组的鱼群不同于九佛堂组的鱼群,时代属早白垩世.

真骨鱼精子入卵的动力作用

本文在高倍扫描电镜下发现泥鳅、大银鱼等卵膜孔特异结构的基础上,建立了卵膜孔形态结构的数学模型,并通过动力学分析研究,证明真骨鱼精子入卵除化学因素外,具有数学物理的动力作用,从而揭示了鱼类在受精早期所发生的生命现象的奥秘,

几种类固醇激素对真骨鱼免疫功能的影响

从神经内分泌免疫网络的角度阐述了皮质激素、雄激素、雌激素等几种类固醇激素对真骨鱼类免疫组织细胞及抗体产生的抑制作用和促进作用,从受体水平探讨了作用的机制.

鱼类免疫球蛋白生物合成的遗传控制研究综述

真骨鱼重链IgM恒定区基因由CH1～CH44个外显子所编码,以IgM分泌型表达,其跨膜域由2个外显子所编码,它以淋巴细胞膜受体形式被利用,TM1外显子被直接剪接到CH3外显子,而不是在CH4外显子内,这种不寻常的剪接方式导致产生Cμ4区的膜IgM。真骨鱼IgD重链除包括分泌型或膜结合型的C末端外,这个重组分子还包括1个重组的可变区、μ链的第1个恒定区及7个恒定区。IgD(δ)重链基因恰好位于IgM(μ)基因下游,第1个恒定区μ外显子被剪切形成δ转录本。

Molecular phylogeny and evolution of Scomber(Teleostei:Scombridae)based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences

A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus Scomber was conducted based on mitochondrial(COI,Cyt b and control region) and nuclear(5S rDNA) DNA sequence data in multigene perspective.A variety of phylogenetic analytic methods were used to clarify the current taxonomic classification and to assess phylogenetic relationships and the evolutionary history of this genus.The present study produced a well-resolved phylogeny that strongly supported the monophyly of Scomber.We confirmed that S.japonicus and S.colias were genetically distinct.Although morphologically and ecologically similar to S.colias,the molecular data showed that S.japonicus has a greater molecular affinity with S.australasicus,which conflicts with the traditional taxonomy.This phylogenetic pattern was corroborated by the mtDNA data,but incompletely by the nuclear DNA data.Phylogenetic concordance between the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA regions for the basal nodes supports an Atlantic origin for Scomber.The present-day geographic ranges of the species were compared with the resultant molecular phylogeny derived from partition Bayesian analyses of the combined data sets to evaluate possible dispersal routes of the genus.The present-day geographic distribution of Scomber species might be best ascribed to multiple dispersal events.In addition,our results suggest that phylogenies derived from multiple genes and long sequences exhibited improved phylogenetic resolution,from which we conclude that the phylogenetic reconstruction is a reliable representation of the evolutionary history of Scomber.

A review of genus Nuchequula(Teleostei:Leiognathidae) with the description of a new record from Chinese waters

We collected leiognathid fishes from the Hainan Island and Beibu Gulf between November 2007 and December 2008.Ten of these specimens were identified as Nuchequula blochii (Valenciennes 1835),which is the first record of this species in China's waters.These specimens are distinguished by the combination of these characteristics:breast fully scaled,cheek naked,anteroventral profile of the lower jaw almost straight,a conspicuous dark blotch distally on the anterior part of spinous portion of dorsal fin,a yellow blotch distally on posterior part of spinous portion of dorsal fin,and a dark blotch on nape.This paper reviews the genus Nuchequula and describes three species that occur in China's waters.

Influences of Amazonian White and Black Waters on the Hematological and Biochemical Plasma Features of Arapaima gigas （Osteoglossiformes）

The Arapaima gigas, despite being an air breather, its gill structure is quite close to water breathers, especially in early stages of development. The effects of Amazonian waters is well notices in other Teleostei expose to BW （black water）, and WW （white water）. However, information about hematological adjustments and its implications to ionic regulation patters are scarce. Therefore, our aim was to analyzed A. gigas hematological parameters when exposed to BW and WW providing suitable hematological data concerning about physiological responses in Amazonian waters. Fish were acclimated in three separated ponds containing BW, WW and well water as control （C）. Blood samples were taken from the caudal vessel in order to perform measurement assays on levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, corpuscular hemoglobin, corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, glucose, cholesterol and protein. Our findings corroborate the hypothesis stating that BW does interfere on fish adaptation specialy in smallfish （-100 g）. However in largefish （-1,000 g） neither WW or BW can interfere on plasma profile of analysed fish. Despite black water systems being considered a barrier constraining the dispersion of several species, this seems not to be a problem for this specie which has kept its ion-regulatory mechanisms even in black waters.

Molecular phylogeny of the specialized schizothoracine fishes(Teleostei:Cyprinidae),with their implications for the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Molecular phylogeny of three genera containing nine species and subspecies of the specialized schizothoracine fishes are investigated based on the complete nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Meantime relationships between the main cladogenetic events of the specialized schizothoracine fishes and the stepwise uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are also conducted using the molecular clock, which is calibrated by geological isolated events between the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the Qinghai Lake. Results indicated that the specialized schizothoracine fishes are not a monophyly. Five species and subspecies of Ptychobarbus form a monophyly. But three species of Gymnodiptychus do not form a monophyly. Gd.integrigymnatus is a sister taxon of the highly specialized schizothoracine fishes while Gdo pachycheilus has a close relation with Gd. dybowskii, and both of them are as a sister group of Diptychus maculatus. The specialized schizothoracines fishes might have originated during the Miocene(about 10 MaBP), and then the divergence of three genera happened during late Miocene (about 8 MaBP). Their main specialization occurred during the late Pliocene and Pleistocene (3.54-0.42 MaBP). The main cladogenetic events of the specialized schizothoracine fishes are mostly correlated with the geological tectonic events and intensive climate shift happened at 8, 3.6, 2.5 and 1.7 MaBP of the late Cenozoic.Molecular clock data do not support the hypothesis that the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau uplifted to near present or even higher elevations during the Oligocene or Miocene, and neither in agreement with the view that the plateau uplifting reached only to an altitude of 2000 m during the late Pliocene(about 2.6 MaBP).

我国首次发现保存完美的金龙鱼化石

金龙鱼是一种名贵的观赏鱼类,属于骨舌鱼超目骨舌鱼目骨舌鱼科。骨舌鱼类是真骨鱼中较古老的类群,现生骨舌鱼类除北美的舌齿鱼以外,均分布于南大陆的热带和亚热带的淡水水域中,如南美的巨骨舌鱼和骨舌鱼,澳洲和东南亚的金龙鱼,非洲的异耳鱼。