安慰剂期望和/或咖啡因对30小时睡眠剥夺下/警觉性的影响

目的:研究安慰剂或/和咖啡因对睡眠剥夺条件下警觉性的影响。方法:6名健康青年男性(18-20岁)被试采用自身前后对照设计,实验分5次进行,每次30h睡眠剥夺,其间安排5组字母划销测验。第1次为完全睡眠剥夺(对照组),另外4次实验被试分别在特定时间服用安慰剂200mg、咖啡因200mg、咖啡因400mg、咖啡因和安慰剂各200mg。通过强调咖啡因的兴奋作用给与心理暗示。结果:(1)咖啡因200mg+安慰剂200mg组(62.36±7.31个/min)、咖啡因400mg组(55.88±6.54个/min)、咖啡因200mg组(59.48±6.52个/min)的每分钟正确划销字母数(CCNM)多于对照组(46.80±5.35个/min),P<0.05;(2)咖啡因200mg+安慰剂200mg组的CCNM多于安慰剂200mg组(52.06±9.30个/min),P<0.05;(3)各组的错误率没有差异(P<0.05)。结论:咖啡因200mg、咖啡因400mg可以提高睡眠剥夺下的警觉性,安慰剂期望效应和咖啡因的联合作用效果较好。

ADJUSTING EFFECTS OF APPLICATION OF GARLIC PASTE AT SHNQU (神阙 CV8) ON THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF BODY TEMPERATURE INDUCED BY SLEEP DEPRIVATION

Objective To observe the effect of application of garlic paste at Shenque （神阙 CV8） on the circadian rhythm in sleep deprivation young students. Metheds Twenty healthy volunteer young male students from Southern Medical University were randomly divided into three groups： normal group （A）, sleep deprivation group （B） and treatment group （C）. Volunteers in group B and C received 48 h sleep deprivation （SD）, and in the mean time volunteers in group C were treated by garlic paste at Shenque （神阙 CV8）, while those in group A had no any treatment. The body temperature of all the volunteers was detected at 6：00 am, 12：00 am, 6：00 pm and 0：00 am, respectively, after the treatment. Results The mean body temperature values in group A and C both were highest at 6： 00 pm and lowest at 6： 00 am which had a significant difference in each group （P〈0.01）; in group B, the mean body temperature was highest at 0：00 am and lowestat 6：00 am, no significant difference was found between them （P〉0.05）. Results of cosine analysis showed that in subjects of group B the circadian rhythm of body temperature still kept going well after SD, but the peak amplitude and amplitude of vibration were higher than those of group A, and the acrophase of group B was obviously lower than that of group C and A. The 3 indexes of group C were similar to those of group A, denoting that garlic paste application of Shenque （神阙 CV8） could prevent disorders of circadian rhythm of the body temperature. Conclusion The garlic paste application at Shenque （神阙 CV8） can adjust circadian rhythm and accelerate the recovery processes of circadian rhythm in SD young students.

EFFECTS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION ON WHOLE NIGHT POLYSOMNOGRAPHY IN HEALTHY YOUNG MEN

Objective To assess the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) on the whole night polysomnography (PSG) in healthy young men. Methods The whole night PSG was recorded by using Neurofax-1518K (Nihon Kohden, Japan) system before and after 38 h of SD among 15 healthy male subjects. Results Compared with PSG before SD, post-SD PSG showed significantly shortened sleep latency (before SD: 19.7±9.3, after SD: 5.6±7.3, P<0.05), decreased stage 1 (S1) non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep [before SD: (9.2±1.9)%, after SD: (4.0±1.4)%, P<0.05], and increased stage 4 (S4) NREM sleep [before SD: (10.3±3.7)%, after SD: (26.2±4.3)%, P<0.01]. Conclusion During post-SD sleep, the proportion of S4 NREM sleep was increased as compensation in healthy male. In addition, SD was proved to affect electrophysiological brain activities in normal people.

Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Eye Movement Behavior in Flight Simulation

To examine the effect of sleep deprivation （SD） on eye movement be- havior in flight task, four subjects who were skilled in flight simulator participated in the experiment, which were asked to perform a level flight task in a flight simulator. Eye movement data and flight performance data were measured at the following hours： 11：00, 15：00, 04：00, 11：00, 15：00. The subjects workload and fatigue were assessed with the method of national aeronautics and space administration-task load index （NASA-TLX） and rating of perceived exertion （RPE）. Eye movement indices of average pupil area, av- erage saceade amplitude and average saccade velocity decreased during the 32 h of SD and they all showed significantly change in the final SD while the index of average fixa- tion time increased in the final SD. Flight performance deteriorated during the 32 h of SD, but not significantly. The feeling of fatigue and workload reported by subjects both increased during the 32 h of SD. Daily rhythm effects on the measured indices were also found, there were a obviously change at the hour of 04：00. 32 h of SD has obvious effect on eye movement behaviors which have close relation to fatigue because of SD. The eye movement measurement can be served as a tool to continually monitor fatigue online.

Study on External Application of Eleutherosides Ointment on Shenque(CV 8)for Resisting Sleep Deprivation

Objective： To investigate the efficacy of external application of Eleutherosides ointment on Shenque （CV 8） for treating sleep deprivation. Methods： Twenty four healthy young male volunteers at the age of 19-22 years old were randomly allocated to 4 groups （normal, model, treatment and control groups）. Sleep was deprived for 48 hours except the normal group. Self-made Eleutherosides compound preparation was applied externally on Shenque （CV 8）, to observe its influence on psychology and blood biochemical indices of cortisol and testosterone of the human body in sleep deprivation. Results： After sleep deprivation for 48 hours, an increment in cortisol concentration was lower in the Eleutherosides group （44.482±96.065 nmol/L） than in the control group （146.809 ±71.075 nmol/L）; an increment in the self-evaluated depression scale was also lower in the Eleutherosides group （2.833 ± 16.746） than in the control group （20.417 ±10.358）. There were significant differences （P〈0.05）. But, there was no significant difference between the treatment group and control group （P〉0.05） in the decrement of testosterone concentration and the increment of the anxiety scale. Conclusion： External application of Eleutherosides preparation on Shenque （CV 8） can regulate the stress reaction level and psychological endurance of the human body and produce an effect to resist sleep deprivation.

Treatment of Sleep Deprivation-induced Circadian Rhythm Disorder by Applying Garlic Cream on Acupoint Shenque （CV 8）

Objective： To observe the regulative effect of applying garlic cream on acupoint Shenque （CV8） on circadian rhythm disorder induced by sleep deprivation. Methods： Twenty healthy adult men were randomly divided into normal group （group A）, sleep deprivation group （group B） and treatment group （group C）. Subjects in group B and C received 48-hour sleep deprivation, and in the meantime subjects in group C were treated by applying garlic cream on acupoint Shenque （CV8）, while subjects in group A received no any treatment, then contents of serum noradrenaline （NA） and 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） were detected. Results： The contents of NA in three groups all appeared typical circadian rhythm （P〈0.01 when group A is compared with group C, and P〈0.05 when group A is compared with group B）. The peak value in group A was 158.377 and appeared at 10：56, peak value in group B was 291.529 and appeared at 19：44, peak value in group C was 255.964 and appeared at 17：06. The peak phase in group B shifted more obviously when compared with group A, and the peak phase in group C recovered slightly when compared with group B. The contents of 5-HT in group A showed typical circadian rhythm （P〈0.01） and the circadian rhythms in group B and C disappeared （P〉0.05）, the peak value in group Awas 196.563 and appeared at about13： 10. Conclusion： The application of garlic cream on acupoint Shenque （CV8） can adjust the disturbed circadian rhythm and accelerate the recovery of circadian rhythm. It is a simple and effective therapeutic method for adjusting circadian rhythm disorder.