Hydraulic fracturing treatments of oil wells are greatly affected by the perforation parameters selected. The three-dimensional finite element model together with the tensile criterion of rock materials is employed t...Hydraulic fracturing treatments of oil wells are greatly affected by the perforation parameters selected. The three-dimensional finite element model together with the tensile criterion of rock materials is employed to systematically investigate the influence of perforation parameters, such as perforation density, perforation orientation, perforation diameter, and perforation length as well as wellbore ellipticity, in vertical wells on the formation fracturing pressure. Based on a six-month simulation research in the University of Petroleum, China, several conclusions are drawn for the first time. Perforation density and perforation orientation angle are the most important parameters controlling the formation fracturing pressure. As the perforation density increases, the fracturing pressure decreases, not linearly but progressively. The fracturing pressure increases with the perforation orientation angle only when the angle is less than 45 degrees, and the relationship becomes very flat when the angle is 45 degrees. However, with regards to the perforation diameter and perforation length, their influences are much slighter. The wellbore ellipticity has a significant effect on the formation fracturing pressure. It is obvious that fracturing pressure increases linearly with the ellipticity of the wellbore.展开更多
Objective: To introduce the clinical effect among patients who received an unwrapped orbital implant with high density porous polyethylene material (Medpor) after enucleation or evisceration. Methods: Retrospective an...Objective: To introduce the clinical effect among patients who received an unwrapped orbital implant with high density porous polyethylene material (Medpor) after enucleation or evisceration. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a series of 302 patients with anophthalmia who underwent placement of an unwrapped high density porous polyethylene orbital implant. We compared the patients (n=180) who accepted primary implant placement with those (n=122) who accepted secondary implant placement. Parameters evaluated included: age at time of surgery, date of surgery, sex, implant type and size, surgery type, the surgical procedure and technique performed, and complications. Results: The time of follow-up ranged from 2.0 to 58.0 months (mean 32.5 months). A total of 5 of 302 (1.66%) cases had documented postoperative complications. The following problems were noted after surgery: implant exposure, 3 patients (0.99%); implant removed due to orbital infection, 1 patient (0.34%); ptosis, 1 patient (0.34%). There were no significant complications observed in other 297 cases and all implants showed good orbital mo- tility. The clinical effect of primary implant placement is better than that of secondary placement. Conclusion: High density porous polyethylene material can be used successfully as an unwrapped orbital implant in anopthalmic socket surgery with minimal complications. The material is well tolerated, nonantigenic and has low rate of infection and migration.展开更多
Objective To study the effect of fundus pigment on the response of the retina to transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). Methods The retina were irradiated with 810 nm diode laser in 16 eyes of 8 pigmented rabbits and 12 ...Objective To study the effect of fundus pigment on the response of the retina to transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). Methods The retina were irradiated with 810 nm diode laser in 16 eyes of 8 pigmented rabbits and 12 eyes of 6 albino rabbits. The spot size was 1.2 mm; the duration was 60 s; and powers were 50, 80, 150 and 300 mW for pigmented rabbits and 800, 1 200 and 1 500mW for albino rabbits. All of the eyes were followed up with ophthalmolscope. The fundus was photographed and examined histologically with optic microscope immediately and 1 month after TTT respectively. Results The changes of the fundus and the histological examination were not significant immediately and 1 month after TTT in 50 mW group of pigmented rabbit and 800 mW of albino rabbit. Grey spot on the retina was observed on the fundus in 80 mW group of pigmented rabbit and 1 200 mW of albino rabbit immediately after TTT. The structure of the retina remained intact and subretinal fluid was observed histologically. Grey spot was still visible on the fundus, though the fluid was absorbed after 1 month. As the power of diode laser was increased to 150 mW for pigmented rabbits and 1500 mW for albino rabbit, fundus white spots were observed and the outer retina was destroyed while photoreceptors existed immediately after TTT. Pigmentation was found in white lesions and the fibrous proliferation was found in choroid 1 month after TTT. Prominent white spot was seen on the fundus immediately after laser irradiation of 300 mW in pigmented rabbits and the structure of the retina was obscured. One month after TTT, dense pigmentation appeared at laser lesions. The retina was thinner. There was prominent fibrous proliferation in the choroid. Conclusion The fundus pigment seems to play an important role in the response of the retina to TTT. The reaction of the retina is in proportion to the intensity of laser.展开更多
文摘Hydraulic fracturing treatments of oil wells are greatly affected by the perforation parameters selected. The three-dimensional finite element model together with the tensile criterion of rock materials is employed to systematically investigate the influence of perforation parameters, such as perforation density, perforation orientation, perforation diameter, and perforation length as well as wellbore ellipticity, in vertical wells on the formation fracturing pressure. Based on a six-month simulation research in the University of Petroleum, China, several conclusions are drawn for the first time. Perforation density and perforation orientation angle are the most important parameters controlling the formation fracturing pressure. As the perforation density increases, the fracturing pressure decreases, not linearly but progressively. The fracturing pressure increases with the perforation orientation angle only when the angle is less than 45 degrees, and the relationship becomes very flat when the angle is 45 degrees. However, with regards to the perforation diameter and perforation length, their influences are much slighter. The wellbore ellipticity has a significant effect on the formation fracturing pressure. It is obvious that fracturing pressure increases linearly with the ellipticity of the wellbore.
文摘Objective: To introduce the clinical effect among patients who received an unwrapped orbital implant with high density porous polyethylene material (Medpor) after enucleation or evisceration. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a series of 302 patients with anophthalmia who underwent placement of an unwrapped high density porous polyethylene orbital implant. We compared the patients (n=180) who accepted primary implant placement with those (n=122) who accepted secondary implant placement. Parameters evaluated included: age at time of surgery, date of surgery, sex, implant type and size, surgery type, the surgical procedure and technique performed, and complications. Results: The time of follow-up ranged from 2.0 to 58.0 months (mean 32.5 months). A total of 5 of 302 (1.66%) cases had documented postoperative complications. The following problems were noted after surgery: implant exposure, 3 patients (0.99%); implant removed due to orbital infection, 1 patient (0.34%); ptosis, 1 patient (0.34%). There were no significant complications observed in other 297 cases and all implants showed good orbital mo- tility. The clinical effect of primary implant placement is better than that of secondary placement. Conclusion: High density porous polyethylene material can be used successfully as an unwrapped orbital implant in anopthalmic socket surgery with minimal complications. The material is well tolerated, nonantigenic and has low rate of infection and migration.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (60378042).
文摘Objective To study the effect of fundus pigment on the response of the retina to transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). Methods The retina were irradiated with 810 nm diode laser in 16 eyes of 8 pigmented rabbits and 12 eyes of 6 albino rabbits. The spot size was 1.2 mm; the duration was 60 s; and powers were 50, 80, 150 and 300 mW for pigmented rabbits and 800, 1 200 and 1 500mW for albino rabbits. All of the eyes were followed up with ophthalmolscope. The fundus was photographed and examined histologically with optic microscope immediately and 1 month after TTT respectively. Results The changes of the fundus and the histological examination were not significant immediately and 1 month after TTT in 50 mW group of pigmented rabbit and 800 mW of albino rabbit. Grey spot on the retina was observed on the fundus in 80 mW group of pigmented rabbit and 1 200 mW of albino rabbit immediately after TTT. The structure of the retina remained intact and subretinal fluid was observed histologically. Grey spot was still visible on the fundus, though the fluid was absorbed after 1 month. As the power of diode laser was increased to 150 mW for pigmented rabbits and 1500 mW for albino rabbit, fundus white spots were observed and the outer retina was destroyed while photoreceptors existed immediately after TTT. Pigmentation was found in white lesions and the fibrous proliferation was found in choroid 1 month after TTT. Prominent white spot was seen on the fundus immediately after laser irradiation of 300 mW in pigmented rabbits and the structure of the retina was obscured. One month after TTT, dense pigmentation appeared at laser lesions. The retina was thinner. There was prominent fibrous proliferation in the choroid. Conclusion The fundus pigment seems to play an important role in the response of the retina to TTT. The reaction of the retina is in proportion to the intensity of laser.
