Background:Previous studies of foot strike patterns of distance runners in road races have typically found that the overwhelming majority of shod runners initially contact the ground on the rearfoot.However,none of th...Background:Previous studies of foot strike patterns of distance runners in road races have typically found that the overwhelming majority of shod runners initially contact the ground on the rearfoot.However,none of these studies has attempted to quantify foot strike patterns of barefoot or minimally shod runners.This study classifies foot strike patterns of barefoot and minimally shod runners in a recreational road race.Methods:High-speed video footage was obtained of 169 barefoot and 42 minimally shod distance runners at the 2011 New York City Barefoot Run.Foot strike patterns were classified for each runner,and frequencies of forefoot,midfoot,and rearfoot striking were compared between the barefoot and minimally shod groups.Results:A total of 59.2%of barefoot runners were forefoot strikers,20.1%were midfoot strikers,and 20.7%were rearfoot strikers.For minimally shod runners,33.3%were forefoot strikers,19.1%were midfoot strikers,and 47.6%were rearfoot strikers.Foot strike distributions for barefoot and minimally shod runners were significantly different both from one another and from previously reported foot strike distributions of shod road racers.Conclusion:Foot strike patterns differ between barefoot and minimally shod runners,with forefoot striking being more common,and rearfoot striking less common in the barefoot group.展开更多
Background:This prospective study explored the effects of endurance running(ER) in minimal versus standard running shoes on the foot’s superficial layer intrinsic muscles and the function of the longitudinal arch.Our...Background:This prospective study explored the effects of endurance running(ER) in minimal versus standard running shoes on the foot’s superficial layer intrinsic muscles and the function of the longitudinal arch.Our hypothesis was that running in minimal shoes would cause hypertrophy in these muscles and lead to higher,stronger,stiffer arches.Methods:The hypothesis was tested using a sample of 33 healthy runners randomized into two groups,a control group shod in traditional running footwear and an experimental group shod in minimal support footwear,whose feet were scanned in an MRI before and after a 12-week training regime.Running kinematics as well as arch stiffness and height were also assessed before and after the treatment period.Results:Analysis of anatomical cross-sectional areas and muscle volumes indicate that the flexor digitomm brevis muscle became larger in both groups by 11%and 21%,respectively,but only the minimally shod runners had significant areal and volumetric increases of the abductor digiti minimi of 18%and 22%,respectively,and significantly increased longitudinal arch stiffness(60%).Conclusion:These results suggest that endurance running in minimal support footwear with 4 mm offset or less makes greater use of the springlike function of the longitudinal arch,thus leading to greater demands on the intrinsic muscles that support the arch,thereby strengthening the foot.展开更多
Purpose:This study examined variation in foot strike types,lower extremity kinematics,and arch height and stiffness among Tarahumara Indians from the Sierra Tarahumara.Mexico.Methods:High speed video was used to study...Purpose:This study examined variation in foot strike types,lower extremity kinematics,and arch height and stiffness among Tarahumara Indians from the Sierra Tarahumara.Mexico.Methods:High speed video was used to study the kinematics of 23 individuals.13 who habitually wear traditional minimal running sandals(huaraches).and 10 who habitually wear modern,conventional running shoes with elevated,cushioned heels and arch support.Measurements of foot shape and arch stiffness were taken on these individuals plus an additional sample of 12 individuals.Results:Minimally shod Tarahumara exhibit much variation with 40%primarily using midfoot strikes,30%primarily using forefoot strikes,and30%primarily using rearfoot strikes.In contrast,75%of the conventionally shod Tarahumara primarily used rearfoot strikes,and 25%primarily used midfoot strikes.Individuals who used forefoot or midfoot strikes landed with significantly more plantarflexed ankles,flexed knees,and flexed hips than runners who used rearfoot strikes.Foot measurements indicate that conventionally shod Tarahumara also have significantly less stiff arches than those wearing minimal shoes.Conclusion:These data reinforce earlier studies that there is variation among foot strike patterns among minimally shod runners,but also support the hypothesis that foot stiffness and important aspects of running form,including foot strike,differ between runners who grow up using minimal versus modem,conventional footwear.展开更多
文摘Background:Previous studies of foot strike patterns of distance runners in road races have typically found that the overwhelming majority of shod runners initially contact the ground on the rearfoot.However,none of these studies has attempted to quantify foot strike patterns of barefoot or minimally shod runners.This study classifies foot strike patterns of barefoot and minimally shod runners in a recreational road race.Methods:High-speed video footage was obtained of 169 barefoot and 42 minimally shod distance runners at the 2011 New York City Barefoot Run.Foot strike patterns were classified for each runner,and frequencies of forefoot,midfoot,and rearfoot striking were compared between the barefoot and minimally shod groups.Results:A total of 59.2%of barefoot runners were forefoot strikers,20.1%were midfoot strikers,and 20.7%were rearfoot strikers.For minimally shod runners,33.3%were forefoot strikers,19.1%were midfoot strikers,and 47.6%were rearfoot strikers.Foot strike distributions for barefoot and minimally shod runners were significantly different both from one another and from previously reported foot strike distributions of shod road racers.Conclusion:Foot strike patterns differ between barefoot and minimally shod runners,with forefoot striking being more common,and rearfoot striking less common in the barefoot group.
基金supported by the Charles Phelps Taft Research Center at the University of Cincinnati
文摘Background:This prospective study explored the effects of endurance running(ER) in minimal versus standard running shoes on the foot’s superficial layer intrinsic muscles and the function of the longitudinal arch.Our hypothesis was that running in minimal shoes would cause hypertrophy in these muscles and lead to higher,stronger,stiffer arches.Methods:The hypothesis was tested using a sample of 33 healthy runners randomized into two groups,a control group shod in traditional running footwear and an experimental group shod in minimal support footwear,whose feet were scanned in an MRI before and after a 12-week training regime.Running kinematics as well as arch stiffness and height were also assessed before and after the treatment period.Results:Analysis of anatomical cross-sectional areas and muscle volumes indicate that the flexor digitomm brevis muscle became larger in both groups by 11%and 21%,respectively,but only the minimally shod runners had significant areal and volumetric increases of the abductor digiti minimi of 18%and 22%,respectively,and significantly increased longitudinal arch stiffness(60%).Conclusion:These results suggest that endurance running in minimal support footwear with 4 mm offset or less makes greater use of the springlike function of the longitudinal arch,thus leading to greater demands on the intrinsic muscles that support the arch,thereby strengthening the foot.
基金a grant from the American School of Prehistoric Research (Harvard University)
文摘Purpose:This study examined variation in foot strike types,lower extremity kinematics,and arch height and stiffness among Tarahumara Indians from the Sierra Tarahumara.Mexico.Methods:High speed video was used to study the kinematics of 23 individuals.13 who habitually wear traditional minimal running sandals(huaraches).and 10 who habitually wear modern,conventional running shoes with elevated,cushioned heels and arch support.Measurements of foot shape and arch stiffness were taken on these individuals plus an additional sample of 12 individuals.Results:Minimally shod Tarahumara exhibit much variation with 40%primarily using midfoot strikes,30%primarily using forefoot strikes,and30%primarily using rearfoot strikes.In contrast,75%of the conventionally shod Tarahumara primarily used rearfoot strikes,and 25%primarily used midfoot strikes.Individuals who used forefoot or midfoot strikes landed with significantly more plantarflexed ankles,flexed knees,and flexed hips than runners who used rearfoot strikes.Foot measurements indicate that conventionally shod Tarahumara also have significantly less stiff arches than those wearing minimal shoes.Conclusion:These data reinforce earlier studies that there is variation among foot strike patterns among minimally shod runners,but also support the hypothesis that foot stiffness and important aspects of running form,including foot strike,differ between runners who grow up using minimal versus modem,conventional footwear.
