AIM： To analyze the polygraphic sleep patterns during cirrhosis progression in a rat model by repeated CCh administration. METHODS： Male Wistar rats received three weekly injections of CCl4 for 11 wk, and were analy...AIM： To analyze the polygraphic sleep patterns during cirrhosis progression in a rat model by repeated CCh administration. METHODS： Male Wistar rats received three weekly injections of CCl4 for 11 wk, and were analyzed before and during the induction of cirrhosis. Rats were im- planted with electrodes to record their sleep patterns. Polygraph recordings were made weekly over 11 wk for 8 h, during the light period. After a basal recording, rats received three weekly injections of CCl4. Histological confirmation of cirrhosis was performed after 11 wk. RESULTS： The results showed a progressive decrease in total wake time that reached statistical significance from the second week of treatment. In addition, there was an increase in total time of slow wave sleep （SWS）Ⅱ and rapid eye movement sleep （REM sleep） in most of the 11 wk. SWS I showed no significant variations. During the final weeks, a significant increase in REM sleep frequency was also observed. Histological analyses of the livers showed unequivocal signs of cirrhosis. CONCLUSION： These data suggest that hepatic failure produced by CCh administration is capable of modifying the sleep pattern even after only a few doses.展开更多
This paper investigates on the base stations(BSs) sleeping control and energy saving in wireless network. The objective is to find the sleeping control and energy saving configuration between total power consumption a...This paper investigates on the base stations(BSs) sleeping control and energy saving in wireless network. The objective is to find the sleeping control and energy saving configuration between total power consumption and average video's quality. On the Software Defined Network(SDN) access network architecture, a type of sleeping control and active BSs' optimal transmitting time strategy is considered, the BS sleeps when there is no active users, and wakes up after a period of vacation time. In this paper, we study the active users grouping strategy, In order to spare more BSs into sleeping mode. Then this paper proposes an active BS transmitting time optimal strategy according to the users' Qo S. In the proposed strategy, the active BSs' transmitting time is minimized in order to save energy. This paper employs the mixed integer-programming model to present this optimization problem. Then we utilized a novel algorithm to save the energy in access networks and also meet the Qo S requirements. Both the analytical and simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively save energy in the access network BSs.展开更多
Amiodarone hydrochloride is a potent anti-arrhythmic agent, known as a multiple ion-channel blocker in the heart. Although it has been detected in the rat brain, there are no data related to its central nervous system...Amiodarone hydrochloride is a potent anti-arrhythmic agent, known as a multiple ion-channel blocker in the heart. Although it has been detected in the rat brain, there are no data related to its central nervous system （CNS） effects. In this study, we evaluated anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects of amiodarone. Convulsions were induced by phentylenetetrazole （PTZ） （100 mg/kg） or caffeine （300 mg/kg） in mice. In both models, amiodarone prolonged both latency period and time to death, and acted as an anticonvulsant drug. It was found to be more effective in the PTZ model than in the caffeine model; none of the animals treated with 150 mg/kg dose amiodarone had died in the PTZ model. For hypnotic effect, sleeping was induced with pentobarbital （35 mg/kg） in rats. Amiodarone dose-dependently increased the sleeping time （677.7%-725.9%）. In the sleeping test, all rats in 200 mg/kg amiodarone group died. In conclusion, anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects of amiodarone have shown the depressant effects on CNS. These effects may be dependent on its pharmacological properties.展开更多
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent collapses of the upper airway, which lead to repetitive transient hypoxia, arousals and finally sleep fragmentation. Both anatomical and neuromuscu...Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent collapses of the upper airway, which lead to repetitive transient hypoxia, arousals and finally sleep fragmentation. Both anatomical and neuromuscular factors may play key roles in the pathophysiology of OSAS. The purpose of this paper was to study the control mechanism of OSAS from the mechanical point of view. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed, which not only reconstructed the realistic anatomical structure of the human upper airway, but also included surrounding structures such as the skull, neck, hyoid, cartilage and soft tissues. The respiration process during the normal and apnea states was simulated with the fluid-structure interaction method (FSI) and the computational fluid dynamics method (CFD). The airflow and deformation of the upper airway obtained from the FSI and the CFD method were compared and the results obtained under large negative pressure during an apnea episode were analyzed. The simulation results show that the FSI method is more feasible and effective than the CFD method. The concave configuration of the upper airway may accelerate the collapse of the upper airway in a positive feedback mechanism, which supplies meaningful information for clinical treatment and further research of OSAS.展开更多
基金Supported by Grant 50633 from CONACyT to Jiménez-Anguiano A
文摘AIM： To analyze the polygraphic sleep patterns during cirrhosis progression in a rat model by repeated CCh administration. METHODS： Male Wistar rats received three weekly injections of CCl4 for 11 wk, and were analyzed before and during the induction of cirrhosis. Rats were im- planted with electrodes to record their sleep patterns. Polygraph recordings were made weekly over 11 wk for 8 h, during the light period. After a basal recording, rats received three weekly injections of CCl4. Histological confirmation of cirrhosis was performed after 11 wk. RESULTS： The results showed a progressive decrease in total wake time that reached statistical significance from the second week of treatment. In addition, there was an increase in total time of slow wave sleep （SWS）Ⅱ and rapid eye movement sleep （REM sleep） in most of the 11 wk. SWS I showed no significant variations. During the final weeks, a significant increase in REM sleep frequency was also observed. Histological analyses of the livers showed unequivocal signs of cirrhosis. CONCLUSION： These data suggest that hepatic failure produced by CCh administration is capable of modifying the sleep pattern even after only a few doses.
基金supported by the National High-Tech R&D Program (863 Program2015AA01A705)in part by Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (The City's Vehicle Sensing Grid Construction Based on Public Transportation Network)
文摘This paper investigates on the base stations(BSs) sleeping control and energy saving in wireless network. The objective is to find the sleeping control and energy saving configuration between total power consumption and average video's quality. On the Software Defined Network(SDN) access network architecture, a type of sleeping control and active BSs' optimal transmitting time strategy is considered, the BS sleeps when there is no active users, and wakes up after a period of vacation time. In this paper, we study the active users grouping strategy, In order to spare more BSs into sleeping mode. Then this paper proposes an active BS transmitting time optimal strategy according to the users' Qo S. In the proposed strategy, the active BSs' transmitting time is minimized in order to save energy. This paper employs the mixed integer-programming model to present this optimization problem. Then we utilized a novel algorithm to save the energy in access networks and also meet the Qo S requirements. Both the analytical and simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively save energy in the access network BSs.
文摘Amiodarone hydrochloride is a potent anti-arrhythmic agent, known as a multiple ion-channel blocker in the heart. Although it has been detected in the rat brain, there are no data related to its central nervous system （CNS） effects. In this study, we evaluated anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects of amiodarone. Convulsions were induced by phentylenetetrazole （PTZ） （100 mg/kg） or caffeine （300 mg/kg） in mice. In both models, amiodarone prolonged both latency period and time to death, and acted as an anticonvulsant drug. It was found to be more effective in the PTZ model than in the caffeine model; none of the animals treated with 150 mg/kg dose amiodarone had died in the PTZ model. For hypnotic effect, sleeping was induced with pentobarbital （35 mg/kg） in rats. Amiodarone dose-dependently increased the sleeping time （677.7%-725.9%）. In the sleeping test, all rats in 200 mg/kg amiodarone group died. In conclusion, anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects of amiodarone have shown the depressant effects on CNS. These effects may be dependent on its pharmacological properties.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(3122020)
文摘Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent collapses of the upper airway, which lead to repetitive transient hypoxia, arousals and finally sleep fragmentation. Both anatomical and neuromuscular factors may play key roles in the pathophysiology of OSAS. The purpose of this paper was to study the control mechanism of OSAS from the mechanical point of view. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed, which not only reconstructed the realistic anatomical structure of the human upper airway, but also included surrounding structures such as the skull, neck, hyoid, cartilage and soft tissues. The respiration process during the normal and apnea states was simulated with the fluid-structure interaction method (FSI) and the computational fluid dynamics method (CFD). The airflow and deformation of the upper airway obtained from the FSI and the CFD method were compared and the results obtained under large negative pressure during an apnea episode were analyzed. The simulation results show that the FSI method is more feasible and effective than the CFD method. The concave configuration of the upper airway may accelerate the collapse of the upper airway in a positive feedback mechanism, which supplies meaningful information for clinical treatment and further research of OSAS.
