饱和砂土体有效应力物态动力本构模型及应用的研究

首先通过对现有土体动力反应分析方法的系统分析,在动三轴仪上对饱和砂土进行大量等q往返球应力p、等p往返偏应力q以及往返p,q三类固结排水动力试验,揭示往返球应力和往返偏应力作用下饱和砂土的应力–应变特性。在继承饱和砂土瞬态动力学理论的基础上,完善由状态边界面、相态转换面及应力历史边界面构成的静动有效全应力空间特性域,建立新的有效应力物态本构模型。由于该模型是建立在球应力–体应变、球应力–偏应变和偏应力–偏应变关系的基础上,因此能够全面反映饱和砂土的应力–应变非线性、硬化性、剪切胀缩性和压密回胀性、应力路径相关性以及球应力–偏应力–变形的耦合性等主要特征。其次,以动力固结理论和瞬态动力学理论为基础,将该本构关系引入到以动力反应–动力固结相耦合、静应力–动应力变化相耦合以及孔隙水压力产生–扩散–消散相耦合,能较全面地反映动力作用下土体应力–应变反应的真实过程为特点的三维瞬态动力方程组,形成饱和砂土体有效应力物态地震反应分析的完整理论体系。

The explosive-concussion jet:a new type fire distinguisher

Based on the fluid transient theory and explosive dynamics, a new type explosive driven jet is put forward. The generator of the proposed jet system comprises an explosive power source, a dynamic cavity, a spacing block, a water storage chamber, and a rubber membrane. The dynamic explosive source of power for the jet is composed of a cartridge and a bullet. The pressure in the dynamic cavity goes up to a range from 300 MPa to 350 MPa very quickly when the bullet is emitted. Driven by such a high pressure, the speed of the jet reaches 120 m/s. The effective distance to distinguish a fire is within 40 m. The jet has the following advantages over a conventional high-pressure water jet system: 1)strong power and strong transient force produced by dynamic source; 2) the energy of the dynamical source concentrated in a small scope with very little loss; 3) extensive applicability; and 4) safe usage without sparkling and smoke.