从知形、知声到知味——中国古典认识论演变脉络及当代价值

与将"形""声""味"分别理解与规定为事物的本质相对应,"知形""知声""知味"依次被当作认识的主导形态与核心任务。三者对象不同,认识方法也各异,共同构成中国古典认识论的完整形态。当"知味"最终取代"知形""知声"而被当作中国古典认识论的主导形式,这也从思维方法上确立了中国传统思想方法的特性。在当代语境下,"知味"说获得再生时机。它不仅丰富了当代认识论,而且为我们克服世界的图像化,回归具体的存在提供了厚实的认识论保障。

“知声”“知音”“知乐”——提高音乐欣赏课的教学效果

音乐教育是推行素质教育的重要一步,它承载着培养学生审美情操和情感美德的重任。而音乐欣赏教学作为音乐教学中不可或缺的一部分,更是有着为学生展示古今中外的优秀音乐作品、启发学生音乐潜能和陶冶学生高尚情操的责任。＂知声＂＂知音＂＂知乐＂教学能成为培养和发展学生的音乐感受力、表现力和审美能力的最佳途径。

基于直线阵和已知声源的噪声源识别分析方法

噪声源识别对于舰船声学设计和噪声控制具有重要意义。本识别方法在被测试舰船上安装发射声源,利用测量船布放直线阵辐射噪声测试系统,通过已知声源信号和直线阵辐射噪声同时基测试,确定已知声源信号在辐射噪声中的时间延迟,对同步测量的自噪声信号与辐射噪声信号进行时延补偿,通过相关或相干分析对主要噪声源进行识别分析,通过仿真和实验证明本方法的可行性,能达到识别噪声源并分离贡献的目的。

Compressed sensing estimation of sparse underwater acoustic channels with a large time delay spread

The estimation of sparse underwater acoustic channels with a large time delay spread is investigated under the framework of compressed sensing. For these types of channels, the excessively long impulse response will significantly degrade the convergence rate and tracking capability of the traditional estimation algorithms such as least squares （LS）, while excluding the use of the delay-Doppler spread function due to huge computational complexity. By constructing a Toeplitz matrix with a training sequence as the measurement matrix, the estimation problem of long sparse acoustic channels is formulated into a compressed sensing problem to facilitate the efficient exploitation of sparsity. Furthermore, unlike the traditional l1 norm or exponent-based approximation l0 norm sparse recovery strategy, a novel variant of approximate l0 norm called AL0 is proposed, minimization of which leads to the derivation of a hybrid approach by iteratively projecting the steepest descent solution to the feasible set. Numerical simulations as well as sea trial experiments are compared and analyzed to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm.

从汉语方言看《中原音韵》的语音性质

《中原音韵》是一部元代的曲韵韵书,对后世戏曲创作影响很大,对于近代汉语语音研究也有重要价值。有关《中原音韵》的音系特点,学术界意见分歧很大。汉语方言是研究古汉语不可或缺的重要材料,通过方言材料可以推证古汉语的语言现象,使许多悬而未决的问题迎刃而解。

知组考

雅洪托夫指出,二等钝音、庄组和重纽B类在上古都带有r介音。白一平认为知组同样带有r介音。本文赞成雅洪托夫的观点,还对知组重作构拟,认为它们源于上古T类单辅音、KR类和KL类辅音丛。

现代汉语联绵词的理据性分析

一般认为,联绵词是复音节单纯词,内部构造具有不可分析性,音义结合具有任意性,但由于汉字形、音、义的特殊关系,我们仍能根据联绵词的字音和字形探求其意义信息。通过分析大量词条,我们发现:联绵词大多"义存于声"或"义寄于形",因而表现出"因声知义"或"因形显义"的理据性。"因声知义"的联绵词通过两个音节的声音组合表意,"因形显义"的联绵词通过两个汉字共同的形符类聚表意。

Accumulation in simultaneous interpretation： The development of a successful interpreter

Accumulation of vocabulary, knowledge and experience is the foundation of comprehension and expression in simultaneous interpretation. This paper suggests the importance of accumulation in the development of a successful interpreter.

Joint Spectrum Sensing Based on Variance and Correlation Analysis

In this paper, a novel detection criterion is proposed to decide whether primary user(PU) exists based on joint analysis of the variance and correlation for observation signal,considering a correlation within the observed signal. Simultaneously, the corresponding detection thresholds are also designed. Simulation experiments verify the proposed method suits for the observation signal in Additive White Gaussian Noise(AWGN), Rayleigh,Rician channel and the detection performance is improved greatly.

Echo-state-network classification based multi-services awareness in high-speed optical passive networks

With the challenge of great growing of services diversity,service-oriented supporting ability is required by current high-speed passive optical network( PON). Aimed at enhancing the quality of service( Qo S) brought by diversified-services,this study proposes an echo state network( ESN)based multi-service awareness mechanism in 10-Gigabite ethernet passive optical network( 10GEPON). In the proposed approach,distributed architecture is adopted to realize this ESN based multi-service awareness. According to the network architecture of 10G-EPON,where a main ESN is running in OLT and a number of ESN agents works in ONUs. The main-ESN plays the main function of service-awareness from the total view of various kinds of services in 10G-EPON system,by full ESN training. Then,the reservoir information of well-trained ESN in OLT will be broadcasted to all ONUs and those ESN agents working in ONUs are allowed to conduct independent service-awareness function. Thus,resources allocation and transport policy are both determined only in ONUs. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism is able to better support the ability of multiple services.

Controlled Quantum Teleportation Through Noisy GHZ Channel

In this paper, we propose two physical schemes for teleporting an unknown atomic state through noisy channel in cavity QED. The quantum channel is a noisy one -- a mixed GHZ state, which is more realistic in quantum information processing. We solve analytically a master equation in the Lindblad form with （L2,z, L3,z, L4,z）-type of noise in cavity Q, ED. A comparison between the two protocols are discussed.

Classification of Underwater Target Echoes Based on Auditory Perception Characteristics

In underwater target detection, the bottom reverberation has some of the same properties as the target echo, which has a great impact on the performance. It is essential to study the difference between target echo and reverberation. In this paper, based on the unique advantage of human listening ability on objects distinction, the Gammatone filter is taken as the auditory model. In addition, time-frequency perception features and auditory spectral features are extracted for active sonar target echo and bottom reverberation separation. The features of the experimental data have good concentration characteristics in the same class and have a large amount of differences between different classes, which shows that this method can effectively distinguish between the target echo and reverberation.

STUDY ON AUDIO INFORMATION HIDING METHOD BASED ON MODIFIED PHASE PARTITION

Hiding efficiency of traditional audio information hiding methods is always low since the sentience similarity cannot be guaranteed. A new audio information hiding method is proposed in this letter which can impose the insensitivity with the audio phase for auditory and realize the information hiding through specific algorithm in order to modify local phase within the auditory perception. The algorithm is to introduce the operation of "set 1" and "set 0" for every phase vectors, then the phases must lie on the boundary of a phase area after modified. If it lies on "1" boundary, it comes by set 1 operation. If it lies on "0" boundary, it comes by set 0 operation. The results show that, compared with the legacy method, the proposed method has better auditory similarity, larger information embedding capacity and lower code error rate. As a kind of blind detect method, it fits for application scenario without channel interference.

An underwater acoustic data compression method based on compressed sensing

The use of underwater acoustic data has rapidly expanded with the application of multichannel, large-aperture underwater detection arrays. This study presents an underwater acoustic data compression method that is based on compressed sensing. Underwater acoustic signals are transformed into the sparse domain for data storage at a receiving terminal, and the improved orthogonal matching pursuit(IOMP) algorithm is used to reconstruct the original underwater acoustic signals at a data processing terminal. When an increase in sidelobe level occasionally causes a direction of arrival estimation error, the proposed compression method can achieve a 10 times stronger compression for narrowband signals and a 5 times stronger compression for wideband signals than the orthogonal matching pursuit(OMP) algorithm. The IOMP algorithm also reduces the computing time by about 20% more than the original OMP algorithm. The simulation and experimental results are discussed.

Metacognitive Knowledge of Tertiar yLevel EFL Reading: Case Studies in an Acquisition-Poor Context

This paper describes how a group of Chinese tertiary-level EFL readers utilized metacognitive knowledge in their academic reading process by contrasting the possible metacognitive differences between two less successful and two successful Chinese EFL readers. Data were collected through think-alouds, interviews and observations. It was found that although vocabulary posed difficulties for both successful and less successful readers, the deployment of strategic knowledge of tackling the unknown words made a difference between successful and less successful readers. The participants＇ person knowledge about motivation such as reader interest, goal of reading and reader role could exert influences on their reading. Implications of the findings for tertiary EFL reading pedagogy in China are discussed.

Interpersonal Functions of Epistemic Modality in Academic English Writing

In semantics, epistemic modality expresses writers＇ commitment to their propositions. In pragmatics, epistemic modality performs interpersonal functions. To date, its politeness and negotiative functions have been studied, but its constructive function seems to have failed to attract researchers＇ attention. Put simply, epistemic modal variants can be used to construct social reality, including writers＇ identity, writer-reader relations and the corresponding discourse community in which writers and readers live. The purpose of this paper is to provide a more complete picture of the interpersonal functions of epistemic modality and to raise Chinese learners＇ awareness of the importance of using such words appropriately.

Vocal repertoire of the New Zealand kea parrot Nestor notabilis

The unique alpine-living kea parrot Nestor notabilis has been the focus of numerous cognitive studies, but its com- munication system has so far been largely neglected. We examined 2,884 calls recorded in New Zealand＇s Southern Alps. Based on audio and visual spectrographic differences, these calls were categorised into seven distinct call types： the non-oscillating ＇screech＇ contact call and ＇mew＇; and the oscillating ＇trill＇, ＇chatter＇, ＇warble＇ and ＇whistle＇; and a hybrid ＇screech-trill＇. Most of these calls contained aspects that were individually unique, in addition to potentially encoding for an individual＇s sex and age. Additionally, for each recording, the sender＇s previous and next calls were noted, as well as any response given by conspecifics. We found that the previous and next calls made by the sender were most often of the same type, and that the next most likely pre- ceding and/or following call type was the screech call, a contact call which sounds like the ＇kee-ah＇ from which the bird＇s name derives. As a social bird capable of covering large distances over visually obstructive terrain, long distance contact calls may be of considerable importance for social cohesion. Contact calls allow kea to locate conspecifics and congregate in temporary groups for social activities. The most likely response to any given call was a screech, usually followed by the same type of call as the ini- tial call made by the sender, although responses differed depending on the age of the caller. The exception was the warble, the kea＇s play call, to which the most likely response was another warble. Being the most common call type, as well as the default response to another call, it appears that the ＇contagious＇ screech contact call plays a central role in kea vocal communication and social cohesion [Current Zoology 58 （5）： 727-740, 2012].

NOISY OBSERVATION BASED STABILIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION FOR UNKNOWN SYSTEMS

The paper addresses optimization of a performance function which either is optimized via stabilizing and controlling the underlying unknown system or is directly optimized on the basis of its noise-corrupted observations. For the first case the unknown system is identified and then the indirect adaptive control approach is applied to optimize the performance function. For the second case the stochastic approximation method is used to optimize the objective function, and it appears that a number of problems arising from applications may be reduced to the one solvable by this approach. The paper demonstrates some basic results in the area, but with no intention to give a complete survey.

A PERCEPTUAL STUDY ON MANDARIN TONES BY NATIVE KAM SPEAKERS IN RONGJIANG

This paper aims at investigating the Mandarin tone perception of native Kam speakers in Rongjiang area through the categorical perception experiment,and comparing with the results of the native Mandarin speakers.The results show that the native Kam speakers are able to differentiate phonemic categories among the four Mandarin tones in pairs at the linguistic level.At the behavioral level,the tone perception of T1-T2,T1-T3(T3 as baseline),T1-T4,T2-T4 and T3-T4(T3 as baseline)continua is shown to be categorical,but the degree of categorization is significantly lower than that of the Mandarin speakers.In T1-T3(T1 as baseline),T2-T3 and T3-T4(T4 as baseline)continua,the kam speakers fail to establish categorical perception,exhibiting continuous perception instead.The results indicate that complex tone system of the Kam language does not facilitate the categorical perception of Mandarin tones by Kam speakers.