情—知策略与医学英语词汇教学

近年来,医学院校在大学英语后期逐步开设医学英语课程,而医学英语的基本组成部分--词汇给学习者带来了许多障碍和学习情绪的抑制.本文通过对情-知策略和医学英语词汇的特点的分析,认为在教学中运用情-知策略可有效地提高医学英语词汇的教学效果.

已知/未知策略与语篇理解

前指是重要的语篇衔接手段,本文运用"已知/未知策略"讨论了语篇中前指的心理理解过程。这一策略有几种不同的变体形式:直接匹配,搭桥,回顾已知信息和确定语篇新话题。本文最后运用这一策略对一语篇的理解进行了具体分析。

远程网络教育成人英语学习及元认知策略的培养

本文指出电大远程网络教育成人英语自主学习者的特征，分析了基于网络条件下英语自主学习的优缺点和存在的问题，结合成人学习者的学习动机、学习需要、学习特点，提出了在远程网络教育成人自主英语学习过程中元认知能力的概念及元认知学习策略的培养。

元认知策略在高中英语听力教学中的运用

In English language teaching, learning strategies are essential for improving students＇ learning efficiency as well as cultivate students＇ ability of self-regulated learning; and metacognitive strategy is of such strategies, which has attracted many language teachers＇ attention. However, not many research have focus on listening teaching on the level of senior high school in China's Mainland. This research is to fill in this gap with an introduction to listening strategies in metacognitive strategies and a sample of listening class design.

关于初中地理课堂“情知引导策略”的实践

情知交融是一个重要的教学策略,也是一种符合学生成长需求,促进学生认知能力以及情感态度发展的教学实践活动。在课程教学当中,为了获得理想的教学效果,给学生提供开放性的学习平台,就要关注对学生的行知引导,正确把握情感和认知之间的关系,调整学生学习状态,督促学生养成良好的学习习惯。在初中地理课程学习当中,教师要用好情知引导策略,既不过度关注认知因素,也不片面强调情性因素,而是促进二者有效交融,为素质教育目标的达成和学生的全面发展创造良好条件。

初中英语语法教学中运用“三知”策略的实践研究

“三知”策略借助可视化图表,通过“K—Know(已知)”“W—Want(想知)”“L—Learn(新知)”三个教学环节,帮助学习者逐步实现自主构建知识体系的学习目标。本文通过教学实例分析了 K-W-L 策略在语法教学中的具体操作方法,论证了 K-W-L 策略在语法教学中的运用价值,指出在语法教学中使用 K-W-L 策略不仅能有效提高语法教学的课堂效率,同时利于学生自主学习能力和创新思维能力的培养。

浅谈“知思学”阅读策略在初中英语教学中的运用--以Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?为例

概述“知思学”阅读策略的内涵。以人教版初中《英语》八年级(上)Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?为例,浅谈“知思学”阅读策略在初中英语阅读课中的运用。总结“知思学”阅读策略在初中英语阅读教学中的作用。认为在运用“知思学”阅读策略的过程中,教师应推“陈”出“新”,引导学生运用已有知识主动阅读、积极思考、深入探究未知信息,互通互融新、旧信息。

Meta-cognitive Strategy Training and the Development of Learners＇ Autonomy in Language Learning

As the ultimate goal of education, autonomy in language learning has aroused a lot of attention from scholars at home and abroad. While in universities of China, students do not have strong autonomy in English language learning. The author tries to adopt specific meta-cognitive strategies to facilitate students＇ autonomy in learning by improving learners＇ capacities in study planning or management, monitoring and evaluating in learning to raise their consciousness and ability in autonomy, and lay a foundation for life-long learning.

THEORY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ICAI COGNITIVE MODEL BASED ON MEANING

Cognitive models must be able to adapt the students learning behaviors dynamically.In our point of view,the processes of learning and understanding are,in nature,the procedure that gains the meaning of the object to be learned.So,ICAI cognitive models should reflect the meaning structure of the domain knowledge in students mind.According to this view,we developed the meaning theory of Ludwig Wittgenstein,and proposed the concept of meaning conjoinism.On the basis of the meaning conjoinism we proposed a meaning oriented ICAI cognitive model and its corresponding teaching tactics.Furthermore,we developed an ICAI system named Thinking and the efficiency of our proposal has been demonstrated.

Research into college students＇ English autonomous learning capability and the necessity of cultivating metacognitive strategies

Through the research into college students＇ English autonomous learning ability of the non-English major students. That the cause why university students＇ English autonomous learning ability is weak is proved to be that they do not value the use of learning strategies. The use of learning strategies can promote the formation and enhancement of autonomous learning ability of the learners. Metacognitive strategy is a high-level management skill which can enable the learners to plan, regulate, monitor and evaluate actively their own learning process. Massive researches have proved whether metacognitive strategy is used successfully or not can directly affect the student learning result. So, it is necessary for teachers to cultivate and train the students to use metacogitive strategy in the university English teaching.

Reconsideration on the role of pragmatic transfer

This paper reconsiders the role of L 1 pragmatic transfer on English learning after a brief historical review of the pragmatic transfer research. As pragmatic transfer is a communicative strategy which the language learners tend to use to deal with the immediate problems and difficulties in communication and to develop their pragmatic competence of the target language, the paper comes to the conclusion that foreign language teachers should consciously introduce the pragmatic transfer as a communicative strategy into the classroom teaching, and try to find effective means to cultivate their students＇ abilities of pragmatic transfer in order to develop pragmatic competence.

NOVEL POWER CONTROL GAME VIA PRICING ALGORITHM FOR COGNITIVE RADIOS

To compensate the service providers who have paid billions of dollars to use spectrum and to satisfy secondary users' requirements in cognitive radios, a Non-cooperative Power Control Game and Pricing algorithm (NPGP) is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can regulate the secondary users' transmitter powers, optimally allocate radio resource and increase the total throughput effectively.

Identification of abnormal movement state and avoidance strategy for mobile robots

Abnormal movement states for a mobile robot were identified by four multi-layer perceptron. In the presence ot abnormality, avoidance strategies were designed to guarantee the safety of the robot. Firstly, the kinematics of the normal and abnormal movement states were exploited, 8 kinds of features were extracted. Secondly, 4 multi-layer pereeptrons were employed to classify the features for four 4-driving wheels into 4 kinds of states, i.e. normal, blocked, deadly blocked, and slipping. Finally, avoidance strategies were designed based on this. Experiment results show that the methods can identify most abnormal movement states and avoid the abnormality correctly and timely.

The Natural Landscape of Philosophy （The Political Reflection of Heraclitus and Aristotle）

Civilizational breakthrough of ＂axial time,＂ implemented ＂human band＂ in the middle of the first millennium BC practically simultaneously in different latitudes of our planet--this is the time of the birth of science and arts, the development of language as a literary tradition, the becoming of Myth as an active picture of the world--a subjective objective, a philosophical understanding of what is the person and being that surrounds him and what he creates, and formation of knowing the world by the word and deed of the subject and, at the same time, the thinking object possessing political reflection. However, political reflection has one significant drawback--the brevity of historical memory, which should from time to time be brought to life, refreshing the milestones of events and the wisdom of others＇ reflections, so that cognitive dissonances do not arise freely （arbitrarily） or malicious aforethought of political phenomena （war, state, strategist-politician, political power, etc.）, breaking the membrane of human hostel---ethos, the philosophy of culture, art with science and the craving for work. The 20th century （and lasting the first quarter of the 21 st century）, is as a vivid illustration of endless wars and permanent revolutions, as an age of world and local conflicts, demonstrating an indissoluble connection with the ancient myth, the 20th scattered the teeth of mythology, rehashing the world and the principles of the state, destroying boundaries and the empire, unleashing new wars, multiplying ethnic conflicts, sweeping away valued reference point and changing anthropological signs, disagreeing with the essential in man： depriving the Word and the Cause.

A Study on Student Interpreters＇ Note-Taking, Interpreting Process and Output

Interpretation, either consecutive or simultaneous, demands more advanced linguistic skills as well as higher cognitive strategies than translation. This paper investigates the characteristics of the notes taken by student interpreters in relation to the output and the process of interpretation with the purpsoe of identifying the role of note-taking in the process of interpretation, its relations with the production quality, and the factors that constrain the development of the students＇ potential as future interpreters. Statistical and qualitative analysis of the notes and think-aloud protocol reveals that students majoring in English should further improve their overall English proficiency. Note-taking, either in source language or target language, or both, should be practiced until students are able to use it expertly. Inspite of the importance of note-taking in interpretation, students should be trained to rely more on memory rather than solely on the notes.

Lower Intermediate Readers and Their Use of Cognitive and Metacognitive Strategies

Despite much research done on strategy, there still exist several questions unanswered. Not much research is done to examine lower intermediate English as a Foreign Language （EFL） learners＇ performance on the reading section of the First Certificate of English exam （FCER） in the post strategy instruction period. The results indicate that learners vary not only in terms of their performance on the FCER, hut also on the employed metacognitive strategy. Furthermore, metacognitive strategies are the only predictors that positively predict learners＇ performance in the FCER.

The Metacognitive Strategy-Oriented Model in Primary English Listening --A Study Within the Framework of Task-based Syllabus

With the development of language teaching theories and researches, people gradually realize the importance of listening among the basic foreign language skills. Thus, how to improve the efficiency of foreign language listening teaching has long been a concern of researchers and foreign language teachers. As the beginning of English study, primary English is of significant importance for the learners＇ future language development. The study tries to put primary English listening together with metacognitive strategy and build up the metacognitive strategy-oriented model in primary English listening class in order to improve primary students＇ listening comprehension. Firstly, the thesis pointed out the disadvantages of the current primary English listening teaching. In order to make up these disadvantages, the previous studies of listening comprehension and metacognition both home and abroad are reviewed and the necessity and feasibility of the study are discussed. Finally, it is concluded that it is necessary and feasible to carry out the metacognitive strategy-oriented model in primary English class.

Chinese Language Learning Strategies Characteristic of Language Learners

The present paper analyzes the strategic choices for learning Chinese by 300 Hungarian university students. The survey summarizes the most often used Chinese language learning strategies and verbal language learning strategies of Hungarian language learners one by one. With the help of the method of multidimensional scaling, the survey got to the result that the preference of the general language learning strategies is characterized by a strong opposition. In the case of the choice and use of three strategies--the social, the meta-cognitive and the cognitive strategies, language learners prefer a combined choice or non-choice. While in the use of the emotional, compensation and memorization strategies, a strong opposition emerges. Those using memorization strategies less prefer the emotional and the compensation strategies. This is true vice versa as well, those using emotional strategies, use memorization and compensation strategies less often. While the relation of the general language learning strategies was characterized by a certain opposition, in the use of the verbal strategies a strict continuity could be detected. Hungarian language learners consider the use of almost all verbal strategies with few exceptions to be successful in their communication. The results of the Variables path analysis with Partial Least-Squares Estimation （LVPLS） model revealed all those connections that structurally exist among the three exogen background latent variables （language level, language learner style and the ascriptive background） and the two endogen latent variables （the language learning strategies and the verbal strategies）. All of these latent variables measured with several manifest variables of the second exogen background variables, the language learning style showed the biggest affect to strategy use, this variable influences the successfulness of the learning of Chinese most strongly.

Strategic group theory： A customer-oriented view

Barney and Hoskisson （1990） argue that the strategic group research has neither established the existence of strategic groups, nor their relationship to firm performance. The primary reason behind the unsatisfactory results is the lack of a theoretical framework： what strategic variables to include in the analysis and their relative importance; the definition of an industry, and how to make competitive strategy operational. First, the author presents a customer-oriented theory of management which submits that, like Procter and Gamble, understanding customers should be the primary focus of a business. Second, the author proposes an integrated approach to competitive strategy. Because customer-perceived quality is far more critical to long-term success than any other factor, it should be the centerpiece of competitive strategy. The author suggests that competitive strategy should be divided in two interdependent dimensions： external and internal. It is the external strategy that should be considered the primary dimension because it reflects the customers＇ perspective, and provides a sense of direction regarding how the internal resources should be used. Next, the author presents an operational framework of competitive strategy which proposes that the best route to market share leadership in consumer markets is competing in the mid-price segment, offering superior quality compared to competition at a somewhat higher price： （1） to maintain an image of quality, and （2） to ensure that the strategy is profitable and sustainable. Finally, the author offers a framework of business or industry definition that extends Abell＇s （1980） three dimensions to seven. He suggests that an integrated approach to market segmentation provides the foundation for conducting strategic group analysis in consumer markets. So, in strategic group research, we need a bottom-up approach that begins with a product-market segment. In each product market, real competition occurs at the brand level. This is the ground where actual competitive wars are fought, and this is where the rich dynamics of competition often come to light.

The analysis of adult English vocabulary learning strategies based on network

The article which is on the basis of English learning and adult learning characteristics, propose adult English vocabulary learning strategies based on network, and it thinks that adult learners are based on making full use of network to provide boundary, it overcomes the flaws of adult English and resist the temptation of other information network, and it takes the right vocabulary memory strategies, cognitive strategies, vocabulary learning metacognitive strategies, affective strategies of vocabulary learning and vocabulary learning society strategy ,then it can achieve good vocabulary learning effect.