人类知行系统的演化走向分道扬镳?

总体而言,人类知行系统的演化经历是从哺乳动物继承下来的知行系统到科技知行系统的过程。大多数人在大多数时间的知与行,是与生俱来的哺乳动物知行系统在起作用。哺乳动物知行系统是人的本性中无法去除的“天性”。哺乳动物知行系统和科技知行系统之间存在巨大鸿沟。研究哺乳动物知行系统及其特征,有助于全面认识人的知行系统及其演化;为人工智能等的发展提供支撑并构建人类的未来;有助于揭示文明冲突在知行系统上的根源;以及有助于揭示人的本性。哺乳动物知行系统的主要特点是野性思维、情绪化和群体依赖。哺乳动物知行系统是一套处于“纠缠”和“叠加态”的生理结构,以不确定应对无限的大千世界。科技知行系统则“塌缩”以确定的知识和技术手段应对有限的领域。在少数人登上科技知行系统之时,大多数人停留于哺乳动物知行系统。与此同时,奇点人新的知行系统正在生成之中。

结构水资源学概论

水资源系统是地球表层五大圈层中的大气过程、生态过程、地球化学过程、人类活动和水文过程通过水循环相互连结起来的一类开放、高维、动态的典型复杂系统,水资源系统结构反映水资源-经济社会-生态环境复杂系统的互馈作用机理、决定水资源系统的主要复杂性和水资源系统功能,一直是水资源学领域的研究难点和热点。根据水资源学发展趋势和系统结构决定系统功能的原理,提出了以水资源系统结构的基本特征、演变规律、优化调控及其应用为研究对象的一门面向水资源系统知行关系的水资源学新分支学科,即结构水资源学。结构水资源学属于技术科学层次,它将各种水资源系统结构的识别模拟、评估预测、优化调控问题作为主要研究内容,可用系统科学中的系统识别、系统建模、系统模拟进行水资源系统结构识别模拟,用系统评价、系统预测进行水资源系统结构评估预测,用系统优化、系统决策分析、系统调控进行水资源系统结构优化调控,它们构成结构水资源学研究内容体系框架,结构水资源学与水资源系统工程之间具有明显的对偶性;面向水资源系统结构的复杂性,论述了面向概率分布结构的随机分析、面向模糊关系结构的模糊集分析、面向集对关系结构的集对分析、面向神经元输入输出关系结构的神经智能分析、面向个体适应关系结构的遗传优化分析的结构水资源学五类智能研究方法,为进一步创建结构水资源学、揭示和利用水资源系统结构的演变特征奠定了初步基础。

追根溯源 顺错思措——由一道质量检测题引发的调研与思考

对错误解题过程进行分析和思考,归纳错误情况,追踪错题原因,强化知识理解,试图寻找教学中存在的问题,探究应对策略,最终实现对考查知识点的重新理解和学习,进而提高教学的有效性.

浅析如何提升德育教学的实效性

文章阐述了"德育"的相关概念;目前德育教学存在的问题;探讨了现有的提升德育教学实效性的模式与路径;提出了"知·辅·行"系统综合型德育模式。

Mathematical Modeling and Computational Semiotics： Methodological Approach to Formalization of Semiotic Concepts

This paper aims to conduct a research on the state of the art of artificial intelligence techniques to investigate the relationships between cognitive actions addressed in steps of mathematical modeling and computational semiotics activities. It also briefly reviews the main techniques of artificial intelligence, with particular emphasis on intelligent systems techniques. Such analysis uses semiotic concepts in order to identify the use of new techniques for modeling intelligent systems through the integrated use of mathematical and computational tools. At last, once understood that semiotics can bring contributions to the study of intelligent systems, a methodology for modeling computational semiotics based on the semiotic concepts formalization extracted from the semiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peiree is proposed.

Central monoaminergic systems are a site of convergence of signals conveying the experience of exercise to brain circuits involved in cognition and emotional behavior

Physical activity can enhance cognitive function and increase resistance against deleterious effects of stress on mental health. Enhanced cognitive function and stress resistance produced by exercise are conserved among vertebrates, suggesting that ubiquitous mechanisms may underlie beneficial ef- fects of exercise. In the current review, we summarize the beneficial effects of exercise on cognitive function and stress resistance and discuss central and peripheral signaling factors that may be critical for conferring the effects of physical activity to brain circuits involved in cognitive function and stress. Additionally, it is suggested that norepinephrine and serotonin, highly conserved monoamines that are sensitive to exercise and able to modulate behavior in multiple species, could represent a conver- gence between peripheral and central exercise signals that mediate the beneficial effects of exercise. Finally, we offer the novel hypothesis that thermoregulation during exercise could contribute to the emotional effects of exercise by activating a subset of temperature-sensitive serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus that convey anxiolytic and stress-protective signals to forebrain regions. Throughout the review, we discuss limitations to current approaches and offer strategies for future re- search in exercise neuroscience.