驻沪武警官兵上呼吸道感染用药知识与用药行为的调查

目的了解驻沪武警官兵对上呼吸道感染(简称上感)用药知识的掌握情况及用药行为,为更好地开展武警官兵健康教育和促进健康提供依据。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷,对驻沪的1840名武警官兵进行上感用药知识与行为的调查。结果武警官兵对上感用药知识普遍知晓不足,其中98.05%的武警官兵对抗生素如何使用存在认知误区;超过75%的武警官兵存在不良用药行为,其中19.68%的武警官兵存在不良的口服药物习惯。结论驻沪武警官兵上呼吸道感染用药知识严重缺乏,不良用药行为普遍存在,医护人员应加强对武警官兵的用药指导和健康教育。

信息化健康教育模式对高中生结核病防治知识与行为的干预效果观察

目的探讨信息化健康教育模式用于高中生结核病防治健康教育的效果,为学校制订有效的人群结核干预策略提供参考依据。方法于2020年9月—2020年10月将某校高一年级学生为研究对象,随机选取其中8个班级作为对照组,其余8个班级作为试验组,对照组学生采用传统的健康教育模式,试验组的学生则采用信息技术化健康教育。比较2组结核病知识知晓率、结核病相关正确行为形成率。结果在健康教育前,2组学生在结核病知识知晓率和结核相关正确行为形成率的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);健康教育1个月后,试验组结核病知识知晓率、结核病相关正确行为形成率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在学校防控结核病的过程中采用信息健康教育的模式,有助于提高高中生的结核病知晓率,促进学生形成正确的结核相关防治行为。

某企业职工职业病防治知识、态度、行为调查分析

目的调查企业职工职业病防治知识、态度、行为现状,以开展职业健康教育与健康促进工作。方法采用自填式调查问卷方式对某企业221名职工进行职业病防治知识、态度、行为情况调查。结果职工职业病防治知识知晓率在33.03%～81.45%间。不同年龄组职业病防治知识知晓率,不同学历组职业病防治正向态度及正确行为率间存在显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论应针对不同年龄、工龄、学历的职业人群采取针对性的职业健康教育与促进工作。

Knowledge,attitude and behaviour to evidence-based practice among psychiatric nurses:A cross-sectional survey

Objective To identify the status of knowledge,attitude,and behaviour toward evidence-based practice(EBP)among Chinese psychiatric nurses,and to examine the influencing factors of EBP behaviour.Methods We utilised a cross-sectional design.A total of 923 psychiatric nurses from 168 hospitals in 27 provinces in the mainland of China participated in our survey.The EBP questionnaire,the barriers to research utilisation scale and the facilitators to research utilisation scale were used for data collection via WeChat group from July 2018 to April 2019.Multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the influencing factors of psychiatric nurses’evidence-based practice behaviour.Results The score of Chinese psychiatric nurses’EBP attitude,behaviour and knowledge were 4.81±1.34,4.11±1.36 and 3.53±1.29,respectively.Multiple regression analysis showed that nurses’EBP behaviour was mainly determined by knowledge and attitude,which together explained 61.8%of the variance.The two top barriers were the dimensions of presentation and research.Facilitators include managerial support,employing nurses with research skills as models and providing advanced education on evidence-based nursing.Conclusion Psychiatric nurses have positive attitudes toward EBP,but their level of knowledge and behaviour is insufficient.Heavy workload,insufficient time,and a lack of knowledge and skills is the main barrier.Managerial support,employing nurses with research skills as models and providing advanced education are the main facilitators.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Used in the Control of Striga in Maize by Smallholder Farmers of Western Kenya

The production of maize is constrained by parasitic weeds, particularly Striga. A study was carried out to document farmers＇ knowledge, attitude and practices on Striga control among smallholder farmers across three districts： Kisumu West, Busia and Teso South of Western Kenya. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the locations and farmers to be interviewed. A semi structured, open and closed ended questionnaire was administered leading to field experiment. Besides village meetings （39.2%）, farmers got informed on farming methods under Striga weed farms and its control technologies through neighbours （2.5%）, workshops and trainings （5.0%）, field schools （3.7%）, media （7.5%） and extension agents （10.8%）. The attitudes of farmers towards Striga control varied but frequently cited： long term viability of the Striga seed （12.5%）, difficult to control sharing of farm tools （10.8%）, expensive technologies （13.3%）, lack of adequate information （18.3%）, labour intensive （15.0%）, large farms for use of push and pull technology （1.7%） and time consuming （12.5%）. Framers used various Striga control practices but traditional methods （25%） were among the most used （25%）. Concerted effort involving researchers, extension agents and private sector are, therefore, required for wide scale dissemination and adoption of the existing modem control technologies.

Interactions Between Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Recently, researches toward the social and psychological structure of organizations have proliferated observably As the quality and quantity of these studies improve, the value of such issues gets more manifest. In this context, efforts toward making employees＇ knowledge, which is an indispensable value for organizations, accessible and efforts to make it available for work processes and social relations extend new behavioral patterns. Organizational citizenship behavior is an example of such patterns. This paper attempts to explain and discuss interactions between organizational citizenship behavior and knowledge sharing, which is reasoned to have a defining role over it, and to draw attention on the issue. Organizational knowledge sharing, the factors influential on it, and the relationships between the antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior and knowledge sharing are being dwelled upon conceptually

Nutritional Knowledge and Behavior of Professional Athletes in Khorramabad

Today it is proved that the lack of adequate nutritional knowledge leads to problems such as obesity, overweight and increased cardiovascular diseases. However, many obstacles such as poor financial support, lack of time and poor nutritional knowledge can influence achievement of optimal nutrition which is proportional to the level of the athlete＇s physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior of athletes in Khorramabad in 2013. Professional athletes of Khorramabad, Iran, with more than one year of regular exercise and at least one course participating in national championships competitions were studied in this cross-sectional, descriptive-analytic study. The samples included 247 athletes aged 17-29 years. Their nutritional knowledge and behavior were measured by the nutritional knowledge and behavior inventory. Results： The results showed a significant difference in nutritional knowledge of athletes by gender and educational level; female athletes have higher nutritional knowledge than male athletes. A gender-dependent difference was found in nutritional behavior; despite their higher nutritional knowledge, female athletes have weaker nutritional behavior than male athletes. However, no significant correlation was found between BMI and nutritional knowledge and behavior of the athletes. Moreover, findings showed that nutritional knowledge and behavior could be significantly different in various sports.

Religion as Conscious Cognition and Behavior

Cognitive and behavioral research on religion has focused most in the last years on aspects which could be deemed ＂unconscious＂： inner mechanisms, innate patterns, or hidden cognitive structures broadly shared by humans. Very often, the ongoing research programs resort to computational models of mind in which the conscious side of that experience is mainly ignored. It becomes urgent to fill in the perceived gap, suggesting some lines of study that are able to account for the conscious dimensions of religion. An opportunity is offered by the new paths recently opened by extensive experimental research on conscious aspects of human experience and the value that leads authors to attribute to these features. Seizing on this opportunity, the paper reviews the state of the question and the available literature on conscious and unconscious aspects of mind and behavior. Taking it a step further, the paper tries to apply these general principles to the specific study of religious mind and behavior. Furthermore, some lines for future research are proposed as a result of the suggested program.

English professional football players concussion knowledge and attitude

Background： Concussions are a common pathology in football and multiple misconceptions exist amongst the players and managers. To address these misconceptions, and potentially reduce concussion associated sequela, effective educational interventions need to be developed. However, the current knowledge and attitude status must be ascertained to appropriately develop these interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess the concussion knowledge and attitude of English professional footballers. Methods： Twenty-six participants from one English Football League Championship club completed the study. A mixed methods approach included the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey （RoCKAS） and a semi-structured interview. The RoCKAS contains separate knowledge （055） and attitude （15-75） scores and was followed by a semi-structured interview consisting of concussion knowledge, attitude, and behavior related questions. Results： The mean score on the RoCK.AS knowledge was 16.4± 2.9 （range 11-22） and the attitude score was 59.6 ± 8.5 （range 41-71）. The interview responses identified inconsistencies between the RoCKAS and the intended behaviors, endorsing multiple concussion misconceptions, and revealed barriers to concussion reporting. Conclusion： The results of this study suggest that Championship Level English footballers have moderate concussion knowledge, safe attitudes, and good concussion symptom recognition when assessed with pen and paper questionnaires. However, within the semi-structured interview many respondents reported unsafe concussion behaviors despite accurately identifying the potential risks. Further, multiple barriers to concussion reporting were identified which included perceived severity of the injury, game situations, and the substitution rule. These findings can help form the foundation of educational interventions to potentially improve concussion reporting behaviors amongst professional footballers.

Behavior of a Nonlinear Difference Equation xn＋1=1-2n/A＋∑k i=1xn-i

In this paper, we investigate the global behavior of the difference equation xn＋1=1-2n/A＋∑k i=1xn-iwith the A ∈ （-∞,-1） is a real number, k is a positive integer and the initial conditions x_k x0 ∈ （-∞, 0].

Exploring social movement concepts and actions in a knowledge uptake and sustainability context: A concept analysis

Objectives:To share a concept analysis of social movement aimed at advancing its application to evidence uptake and sustainability in health-care.Methods:We applied Walker and Avant method to clarify the concept of social movement in the context of knowledge uptake and sustainability.Peer-reviewed and grey literature databases were systematically searched for relevant reports that described how social movement action led to evidence-based practice changes in health and community settings.Titles,abstracts and full texts were reviewed independently and in duplicate,resulting in 38 included articles.Results:Social movement action for knowledge uptake and sustainability can be defined as individuals,groups,or organizations that,as voluntary and intrinsically motivated change agents,mobilize around a common cause to improve outcomes through knowledge uptake and sustainability.The 10 defining attributes,three antecedents and three consequences that we identified are dynamic and interrelated,often mutually reinforcing each other to fortify various aspects of the social movement.Examples of defining attributes include an urgent need for action,collective action and collective identity.The concept analysis resulted in the development of the Social Movement Action Framework.Conclusions:Social movement action can provide a lens through which we view implementation science.Collective action and collective identity e concepts less frequently canvassed in implementation science literature e can lend insight into grassroots approaches to uptake and sustainability.Findings can also inform providers and change leaders on the practicalities of harnessing social movement action for realworld change initiatives.By mobilizing individuals,groups,or organizations through social movement approaches,they can engage as powered change agents and teams that impact the individual,organizational and health systems levels to facilitate knowledge uptake and sustainability.

The Public Institutions of Science and Technology as Knowledge Source in the Learning Networks of Agri-food Sectors in Argentina

In the case of agrifood productions, Argentinean enterprisesmainly medium and smallzized, have a critical neck bottle that limits their possibility to build endogenous capabilities for knowledge production, circulation and appropriation. As a consequence, public institutions of science and technology have been called to play a central role in the innovation systems providing relevant inputs for the necessary learning process in order to obtain product and process innovation. Nevertheless, it looks like that these institutions, in Argentina, are prisoners of the offer （science） push--demand pull tension far away of a systemic behavior in an innovative environment. This work studies four cases of agrifood production in Argentina, considering a regional approach and the learning networks around each production. It is concluded that the behavior of each institution is different for each case. INTA has a systemic conduct in all cases while the other ones show a systemic behavior only in the case that their offer matches to specific demands.

Organizational Learning （OL） as a Competitive Advantage

This paper1 addresses different theoretical frameworks of organizational learning （OL） from two aspects： from the perspective of individuals to organizations and from the perspective of organizations to individuals. The most significant finding is intended to highlight the guidelines for each of researchers＇ concentrated cluster and to demonstrate that different researchers present different guidelines for processes, individual skills, and changes in the environment, teamwork, and competitiveness. The insight, gained by considering OL as a process, is not routine It allows one to create, acquire, and transfer knowledge. This will always be limited to the internal capabilities developed during the course of the timeline and will identify skills and competencies generated in accordance with the requirements presented by different environments. OL is associated with both the change in organizational behaviors and the creation of a knowledge base.

STUDY ON HIV/STDS KNOWLEDGE AND RISK BEHAVIORS RELATED FACTORS AMONG FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN SHANGHAI,CHINA

Objective To assess the HIV/STDs knowledge and risk behaviors related factors among female sex workers(FSWs)in Shanghai,China.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 5 districts(including 3 suburbs and 2 urban districts).A total of 324 FSWs from 88 massage parlors and hair-beauty salons participated in the survey.An interviewer-administrated questionnaire was used to collect information.Results The average score of HIV/STDs knowledge was 15.2±3.9.Multivariate analyses indicated that limited education [odds ratio(OR):8.6,95% confidence interval(CI):2.9-25.6],coming from suburbs [odds ratio(OR):3.7,95% confidence interval(CI):2.0-6.8],monthly income less than 1500 RMB(220 US$)[odds ratio(OR):3.9,95% confidence interval(CI):1.9-8.1],without HIV/STDs-related education experience(OR:5.2,95% CI:2.8-9.5),and coming from provinces of low epidemic(OR:2.7,95% CI:1.1-6.6)were significant predictors of lower HIV/STDs knowledge.And 29.5% FSWs had sex without a condom when clients paid much more money,and 46.3% had the experience of condom broke or slipped during commercial sexual intercourse.Conclusion Health promotion should be conducted to enhance HIV/STDs knowledge and reduce risk behaviors among FSWs from suburbs with limited education in Shanghai especially.

流动儿童监护人乙肝相关知信行状况对乙肝疫苗接种的影响

【目的】了解流动儿童监护人乙型肝炎（乙肝）与乙肝疫苗的相关知识、态度、行为情况对乙肝疫苗接种的影响。【方法】选取杭州市流动人口数量较多,接种率较低的3~5个城区作为抽取对象,自行设计调查问卷。按照统一设计的问卷现场进行调查。【结果】流动儿童监护人乙肝与乙肝疫苗知识缺乏,84.3%的人不知道2002年后新生儿乙肝疫苗免费接种,仅有64.3%的人知道乙肝疫苗的作用,对乙肝疫苗接种次数的知晓率也只有23.8%。调查得出的乙肝疫苗及时接种率为70.28%,远远低于同期城市儿童97%的比例。【结论】要通过多渠道向流动人员开展乙肝与乙肝疫苗相关知识的健康教育,将有利于提高流动儿童乙肝疫苗接种率。