视界变革:从知识论与价值论美学的逻辑论起

知识论与价值论美学认为,美学研究的视界规定着美学的研究方式、成果形态和内在观念的变革。因此,转换美学的研究视界,意味着美学研究逻辑起点的变革,它主要产生三个方面的重要影响:一是对现有美学资源给予合理的结构性配置;二是促成美学知识形态的话语拓展;三是以现实性和实践性景象实现美学界限的根本突破,对人类审美文明具有重要意义。

培养学生速算能力初探

计算能力是小学生学习数学的一种重要能力,而速算能力又是衡量学生计算能力高低的一个标准。培养学生的速算能力,应着力在教学中引导学生过好“三关”。

大连市西岗区教育局参加教育部义务教育均衡发展新闻通气会汇报材料(之四) 让每一个孩子都收获成功——大连市西岗区以“小班化”为载体推进义务教育均衡发展纪实

"让每个孩子都收获成功,让每个孩子都博学自信,学校说到了,更做到了。"说这话时,大连市西岗区长春路小学学生家长刘君璐感慨万千。曾经,为了怕孩子上学太累,她无奈选择了离家近但名气不大的长春路小学。下定决心前,她用了大半年时间,每天守在学校门口观察打探。

用正确的教学思想指导政治课教学

随着教改实践的逐步深入,我认识到只有用正确的教学思想指导教学,才能真正提高教学质量,逐步推动教改实践的进一步深入发展。这里,结合我的政治课教革实践,谈谈对几个教学思想的认识和体会。第一,在政治课教学中坚持知识、能力、觉悟三统一的教学观。落脚点放在提高学生的思想觉悟上。政治课教学任务是以马列主义。

德国:农民职业教育成为农业发展动力

德国出色的职业教育闻名于世,成为德国经济腾飞的坚固基石。同样,其在农业领域也发挥着至关重要的作用。德国的《职业教育法》规定：＂就业者必须先接受正规的职业教育＂。因此,要成为一个合格的现代德国职业农民绝非易事,必须要过两关：一是知识关,即接受3年中等农业职业教育,从商业战略、市场营销,到农场管理、机械设备操作和动物养殖,学习农场经营所需的方方面面知识,然后通过专业考试,取得＂农业专业工人＂资格。

A watershed-based adaptive knowledge system for developing ecosystem stakeholder partnerships

This study proposes a Watershed-based Adaptive Knowledge System(WAKES) to consistently coordinate multiple stakeholders in developing sustainable partnerships for ecosystem management.WAKES is extended from the institutional mechanism of Payments for Improving Ecosystem Services at the Watershed-scale(PIES-W).PIES-W is designed relating to the governance of ecosystem services flows focused on a lake as a resource stock connecting its inflowing and outflowing rivers within its watershed.It explicitly realizes the values of conservation services provided by private land managers and incorporates their activities into the public organizing framework for ecosystem management.It implicitly extends the "upstream-to-downstream" organizing perspective to a broader vision of viewing the ecosystems as comprised of both "watershed landscapes" and "marine landscapes".Extended from PIES-W,WAKES specifies two corresponding feedback:Framework I and II.Framework I is a relationship matrix comprised of three input-output structures of primary governance factors intersecting three subsystems of a watershed with regard to ecosystem services and human stakeholders.Framework II is the Stakeholder-and-Information structure channeling five types of information among four stakeholder groups in order to enable the feedbacks mechanism of Framework I.WAKES identifies the rationales behind three fundamental information transformations,illustrated with the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis and the Strategic Action Program of the Bermejo River Binational Basin.These include(1) translating scientific knowledge into public information within the Function-and-Service structure corresponding to the ecological subsystem,(2) incorporating public perceptions into political will within the Serviceand-Value structure corresponding to the economic subsystem,and(3) integrating scientific knowledge,public perceptions and political will into management options within the Value-and-Stakeholder structure corresponding to the social subsystem.This study seeks to share a vision of social adaptation for a global sustainable future through developing a network to adopt contributions from and forming partnerships among all ecosystem stakeholders.

Analysis on the semantic relationships in event structures on the basis of ontology

Ontology is a distinct, canonical and shared system of concepts, which is oriented to objects （fields）. Nowadays, every discipline or field attaches great importance to establishing and applying ontology for research. And ontologies that related to linguistics are WordNet by cognitive linguist Prof. Miller from PrincetonUniversity, FrameNet by Prof. Fillmore from California University, Berkeley, GOLD （General Ontology for Language Description） by Dr. Farrar from Arizona University and DOLCE （Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering） by CNR cognitive science and technology research centre of Italy, etc. This article focuses on event structures hot discussed in cognitive linguistics, through an ontologically analytical approach, and gives a systematic description on the concepts and semantic relationships involved in the event structures. Any event structure can be represented through the 7S schema. ＂For some purpose, somebody does something for someone with some means, sometimes and somewhere＂. Therefore, an event consists of 7 conceptual domains： purpose, actor, action, object, facility, location and time. In the article, the main concepts of the 7 domains and over 20 semantic relationships between these domains are described in detail and illustrated by some examples.

Association between Two Polymorphisms of Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor Gene and Susceptibility to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Meta-analysis

Objective To investigate the association between two polymorphisms of follicle stimulating hormone receptor （FSHR） gene and polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） susceptibility. Methods Case-control studies on relationship of Thr307Ala and Asn680Ser polymorphisms in FSHR gene and PCOS susceptibility were searched from PubMed, ISI web of knowledge, EBSCO, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） databases up to March 21, 2013. The pooled odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidence interval （CO were calculated using fixed- or random-effect model based on heterogeneity test in 5 genotype models analyses. Results A total of 11 studies were included in the Meta-analysis. The random-effect analysis showed Asn680Ser was significantly associated with the reduced susceptibility to PCOS with dominant model （Asn/Asn＋Asn/Ser vs. Ser/Ser, OR=0.83, 95% CI： 0.69-1.00）, recessive model （Asn/Asn vs. Asn/Ser＋ Ser/Ser, OR=0.84, 95% CI： 0.72-0.98）, homozygote comparison （Ash/Ash vs. Ser/Ser, 0R=0.79, 95% CI： 0.63-0.98）, and the allele contrast （Asn vs. Ser, OR=0.87, 95% CI： 0.79-0.97） respectively（P=0.02, I2=56.0%）, being protective factors for PCOS. However, no significant associations were found between Thr307Ala and PCOS. Conclusion There might be a significant association between Asn680Ser polymorphism and PCOS.

Research on Construction of Corporate Culture Based on Knowledge Management

With the advent of knowledge, knowledge has become a key resource of economic increase and growth. More and more enterprises begin to adopt knowledge management to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, however, knowledge management is not simply the use of information technology, but need to establish corresponding corporate culture environment. Therefore, building corporate culture adapting to knowledge management is an important concern.

Constructing a Local Folk-belief Knowledge System： A Case Study on Xiangtou in Hebei Province, China

In many areas of North China, villagers are more concerned about the specific practice like ritual, rather than ideology when dealing with the relevant belief problems. Therefore, practice is far more important in the analysis of villagers＇ belief problems. In everyday life, villagers produce an entire set of local knowledge based on their needs and experience to life, and form various social relationships based on the shared knowledge. Narration and practice are not only the strategies that villagers often use to construct their local knowledge but also the leading ways to produce and inherit it. So it is indispensable to pay attention to the production ways and the practice, which concerning about the local belief knowledge, thus it may be better to understand their inner logic of participating the relevant ritual activities when we analyze xiangtou （香头） and kanxiang （看香） activities widely existed in rural areas of North China.

A New Method Based on Association Rules Mining and Geo-filter for Mining Spatial Association Knowledge

Association rule mining methods, as a set of important data mining tools, could be used for mining spatial association rules of spatial data. However, applications of these methods are limited for mining results containing large number of redundant rules. In this paper, a new method named Geo-Filtered Association Rules Mining(GFARM) is proposed to effectively eliminate the redundant rules. An application of GFARM is performed as a case study in which association rules are discovered between building land distribution and potential driving factors in Wuhan, China from 1995 to 2015. Ten sets of regular sampling grids with different sizes are used for detecting the influence of multi-scales on GFARM. Results show that the proposed method can filter 50%–70% of redundant rules. GFARM is also successful in discovering spatial association pattern between building land distribution and driving factors.

Natural Philosophy, Inventions and Religion in the Correspondence between John Locke and Nicolas Toinard （1678-1704）

The paper examines the copious correspondence between the English philosopher John Locke （1632-1704） and the French intellectual Nicolas Toinard （1629-1706）; Locke made the acquaintance of Toinard in Paris in 1677 or early in 1678, and the latter remained his lifelong friend and most assiduous correspondent. An Orleanais and a devout Catholic, Toinard combined an intense interest in the Scriptures with an enthusiasm for experimental science and inventions of every kind; he introduced Locke to all the French official institutions and to a number of private laboratories. Toinard＇s principal work, Evangeliorum Harmonia Graeco-Latina, was greatly appreciated by Locke for its new method. The paper attempts to explore the bulk of this correspondence in detail, giving an account of the wide range of topics dealt with in the two hundred letters; it is divided into four paragraphs referring, respectively, to the years 1678-1679, 1679-1681, 1681-1686, and1686-1704. The perspective is diachronic; on some occasions, the focus is on a particular topic which is the object of prolonged discussion between the two correspondents. In the conclusion, attention is drawn to the relevance of this correspondence in the context of the 17th century and of Locke＇s philosophical thought.

Evaluating and Measuring Relational Capital by Defining Knowledge

As we are in the knowledge economy, the main purpose of this research is to define the value of relational capital by measuring it with an innovative model. To this end, this paper will explain the meaning of intellectual capital （human capital, structural capital, and relational capital） in the field of knowledge economy and what relational capital is and how we can measure its value. The research is qualitative in nature and was developed through the study of the international literature. The research presents some theoretical evidences that permit defining a method for the evaluation of relational capital. In this direction, the above method will need to have some integration in the future research. Moreover, this approach should consider some empirical evidences to establish the practical value of the method. In fact, the method presented encourages debate and a critical attitude towards the evaluations of relational capital and intellectual capital.

A multi-attention RNN-based relation linking approach for question answering over knowledge base

Aiming at the relation linking task for question answering over knowledge base,especially the multi relation linking task for complex questions,a relation linking approach based on the multi-attention recurrent neural network(RNN)model is proposed,which works for both simple and complex questions.First,the vector representations of questions are learned by the bidirectional long short-term memory(Bi-LSTM)model at the word and character levels,and named entities in questions are labeled by the conditional random field(CRF)model.Candidate entities are generated based on a dictionary,the disambiguation of candidate entities is realized based on predefined rules,and named entities mentioned in questions are linked to entities in knowledge base.Next,questions are classified into simple or complex questions by the machine learning method.Starting from the identified entities,for simple questions,one-hop relations are collected in the knowledge base as candidate relations;for complex questions,two-hop relations are collected as candidates.Finally,the multi-attention Bi-LSTM model is used to encode questions and candidate relations,compare their similarity,and return the candidate relation with the highest similarity as the result of relation linking.It is worth noting that the Bi-LSTM model with one attentions is adopted for simple questions,and the Bi-LSTM model with two attentions is adopted for complex questions.The experimental results show that,based on the effective entity linking method,the Bi-LSTM model with the attention mechanism improves the relation linking effectiveness of both simple and complex questions,which outperforms the existing relation linking methods based on graph algorithm or linguistics understanding.

Intellectual Capital, Corporate Culture and Performance of Firms Listed on Nairobi Securities Exchange

The broad objective of this study was to establish the moderating effect of corporate culture on the relationship between intellectual capital and organizational performance of firms listed on Nairobi Securities Exchange. The review of literature provided conceptual and empirical gaps that formed the basis of the conceptual hypotheses. Two hypotheses were deduced from general objective： Intellectual capital has a significant influence on corporate performance; corporate culture moderates the relationship between intellectual capital and corporate performance. A cross-section research design was adopted. A survey questionnaire was the main tool of data collection and was distributed to the 50 heads of human resource departments in the different firms＇ period covering four financial years from 2009 to 2012. The study also utilized secondary data obtained from Capital Market Authority Statistical bulletins and Nairobi Securities Exchange Handbook 2012-2013 to collect data on financial performance （ROA, ROE, and Dividend Yield）. Data were tested for reliability results showing that study dimensions were reliable, apart from task-oriented culture that had a Cronbach alpha of 0.262, thus being not considered for further analysis; thus the study relied on employee-oriented culture as a measure of corporate culture. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis and hierarchical regression respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that intellectual capital had a significant influence on non-financial performance and no significant influence on financial measures of performance （ROA, ROE, and Dividend Yield）. Test for moderation showed that the interaction term was not significant and thus, employee-oriented culture did not moderate the relationship between intellectual capital and corporate performance. The study demonstrates importance of the influence of intellectual capital on non-financial performance of firms listed on Nairobi Securities Exchange. The results show that interplay among human capital, social capital, and organization capital is important for firms listed on Nairobi Securities Exchange and that the firms should nurture the employees into sharing their knowledge by creating internal and external networks and also creating support system within the organization to retain the knowledge.

How Hermann Weyl Could Deal with Paul Benacerraf＇s （1973） Challenge to Realism？

Christopoulou Demetra（In his work, Hermann Weyl （1926） addresses the issue of abstraction principles, an issue that has been broadly discussed during the last decades with regard to the Neo-Fregean program. This paper aims to show off the way Weyl＇s account of abstraction could offer a reply to Benacerraf＇s （1973） challenge to realism. Benacerraf argued that mathematical realism is not associated with a plausible epistemology about human access to abstract objects. Weyl deals with the method of abstraction by investigating certain cases of Fregean abstraction principles. He thinks that we can introduce shapes of geometrical images, integers mod m, circles, directions of lines etc. by means of certain creative acts of consciousness, especially intentionality towards proper relations between the elements of an initial domain. Weyl puts emphasis on intentions towards certain invariant characteristics of items that are involved in equivalence relations. Further, he claims that those invariants are transformed into ideal objects through a finite process that is involved in intuition. This paper, in the first place, attempts to make explicit Weyl＇s phenomenological leanings. Secondly, it argues that Weyl＇s explanation of how ideal mathematical objects become present to mind can address the epistemic issue concerning mathematical knowledge and can also be associated with a particular view which is implicit in his philosophy and retains realistic elements. Hence, it can address Benacerraf＇s problem.

Knowledge Management and Customer Relationship Management for Accounting Services Companies

By combining the abilities to respond directly to customer requests and to provide the customer with a highly interactive, customized experience, companies have a greater ability today to establish nurture and sustain long-term customer relationships than ever before. The ultimate goal is to transform these relationships into greater profitability by increasing repeat purchase rates and reducing customer acquisition costs. Customer relationship management （CRM） has a significant potential to leverage an organization＇s performance, but it does not come without a clear sense of destination and typically without pain. For the research methodology we use the database of customers of a Romanian accounting services company Vulpoi ＆ Toader Management SRL, which is an important player in this market. The goal of our paper is to find out the link between knowledge management （KM） and CRM for this company and how these ＂innovations＂ contribute to increasing the value of the business.

Financial Model of a PPP Project

Over the last decade or so, private sector＇s financing through public-private partnerships （PPPs） has become increasingly popular as a way of procuring and maintaining public-sector infrastructure. Albania in the last few years had improved the legal frame so as to give the local authorities the right to initiate PPP projects. The local authorities have not built the expertise for such projects yet. The aim of this paper is to help the local authorities in Albania to support the building of the expertise for such projects. A financial model is used to make the required calculations for the bid at various phases of the project, although this paper is not intended to cover financial modeling in depth, the key inputs and outputs for the financial model are reviewed, including the financing costs. The model has to work within the constraints of： （I） the public authority＇s requirements for the PPP contract term and service fee profile; and （2） lenders＇ requirements for the term and payment profile of their debt.

Kuhnian Understanding of Incommensurability and Implications of Paradigmatic Conception of Knowledge in International Relations

In international relations theory （maybe more than in any other discipline of social sciences）, the paradigmatic construction of Thomas Kuhn and his model of incommensurability might be applied to the theoretical interpretation of phenomena; and it is one of the cornerstones of the methodological toolkit for the interpretation in this field. The paper explores the reason why Kuhn＇s understanding of incommensurability seems to be necessary for the conception of knowledge in international relations： the concept of incommensurability can be considered typical as it is meant to indicate a conflict, of one form or another, between theories. And the discipline of international relations is more than a perfect ground for considering this concept when one is having in mind the high degree of polarized debate among rivalry theoretical schools （for interpreting and describing the identical phenomena） that is present from the very beginning of the discipline. Recalling the Kuhnian conception of science in paradigmatic view with an aim for understanding--international relations theory, the paper analyzes furthermore his rejection of the traditional dichotomy between “objectivisn”and ＂subjectivism.＂