Accumulation of vocabulary, knowledge and experience is the foundation of comprehension and expression in simultaneous interpretation. This paper suggests the importance of accumulation in the development of a success...Accumulation of vocabulary, knowledge and experience is the foundation of comprehension and expression in simultaneous interpretation. This paper suggests the importance of accumulation in the development of a successful interpreter.展开更多
Purpose： The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between different types of sport expertise （externally-paced vs. self-paced sports） and vigilance performance in children by evaluating the cardiovas...Purpose： The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between different types of sport expertise （externally-paced vs. self-paced sports） and vigilance performance in children by evaluating the cardiovascular fitness level of the participants. Methods： Three groups of children （11.0 ± 0.2 years） differentiated in terms of their regular sport participation （football players, n = 20; track and field athletes, n = 20; non-athletic controls, n = 20） took part in the study. In one session, participants performed the Leger Multi-stage fitness test to estimate their aerobic fitness level. In another session, participants completed the Psychomotor Vigilance Task （PVT） to evaluate their vigilance performance under 2 conditions of velocity demands （normal vs. speed）. Results： The results revealed that both groups of sport practitioners had higher cardiovascular fitness than non-athlete controls. In contrast, no significant differences in the performance PVT were found between track and field athletes and controls. Crucially, football players showed better performance in the PVT than track and field athletes and controls. These between-group differences were not modulated by the speed demands of the task. Conclusion： The major novel finding of this research points to a positive relationship between sport participation and vigilance performance during childhood. We discuss our results in terms of the different hypotheses put forward in the literature to explain the relationship between regular exercise and cognitive fimctioning： the ＂cardiovascular fitness＂ and the ＂cognitive component skills＂ hypotheses.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.展开更多
Objective:Several factors affect the quality of care in the elderly,such as nurses'attitudes.This study aimed to assess nurses'attitude toward elderly in the city of Ilam.Method:This cross-sectional study was ...Objective:Several factors affect the quality of care in the elderly,such as nurses'attitudes.This study aimed to assess nurses'attitude toward elderly in the city of Ilam.Method:This cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 nurses working at public hospitals in the city of Ilam.Participants were selected using simple random sampling from the list of staff.The Kogan's attitude questionnaire was used to measure nurses'attitudes toward the elderly.Results:The mean age of respondents in this study was 32.65(SD=7.67),and the score of attitudes toward the elderly was 144.96(SD=51.75)in average.More than half(54.3%)of the nurses had negative attitudes toward the elderly.The results of ANOVA analysis showed significant differences(P<0.05)were observed in the attitudes toward the elderly among the nurses as their ages,marital status,work experiences,and ward types differed.Conclusion:In conclusion,nurses in this study have marginally negative attitudes toward the elderly.Therefore,promoting nurses'attitudes toward the elderly is important to provide high-quality care.展开更多
Background： Concussions are a common pathology in football and multiple misconceptions exist amongst the players and managers. To address these misconceptions, and potentially reduce concussion associated sequela, ef...Background： Concussions are a common pathology in football and multiple misconceptions exist amongst the players and managers. To address these misconceptions, and potentially reduce concussion associated sequela, effective educational interventions need to be developed. However, the current knowledge and attitude status must be ascertained to appropriately develop these interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess the concussion knowledge and attitude of English professional footballers. Methods： Twenty-six participants from one English Football League Championship club completed the study. A mixed methods approach included the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey （RoCKAS） and a semi-structured interview. The RoCKAS contains separate knowledge （055） and attitude （15-75） scores and was followed by a semi-structured interview consisting of concussion knowledge, attitude, and behavior related questions. Results： The mean score on the RoCK.AS knowledge was 16.4± 2.9 （range 11-22） and the attitude score was 59.6 ± 8.5 （range 41-71）. The interview responses identified inconsistencies between the RoCKAS and the intended behaviors, endorsing multiple concussion misconceptions, and revealed barriers to concussion reporting. Conclusion： The results of this study suggest that Championship Level English footballers have moderate concussion knowledge, safe attitudes, and good concussion symptom recognition when assessed with pen and paper questionnaires. However, within the semi-structured interview many respondents reported unsafe concussion behaviors despite accurately identifying the potential risks. Further, multiple barriers to concussion reporting were identified which included perceived severity of the injury, game situations, and the substitution rule. These findings can help form the foundation of educational interventions to potentially improve concussion reporting behaviors amongst professional footballers.展开更多
Objective: To get the message of knowledge and attitude about pain of the medical members from basic medi- cal service sites by questionnaire investigation. To point out concrete directions for generalization and post...Objective: To get the message of knowledge and attitude about pain of the medical members from basic medi- cal service sites by questionnaire investigation. To point out concrete directions for generalization and post-education of the three-tiered principles of analgesics treatment of WHO. Methods: We designed a questionnaire about cancer pain treatment. We used it to make inquire in 1040 medical staff from different medical agencies. SPSS software was used to analyze all data. Results: 1027 questionnaires were fit for data analysis. 91.4% of staff working in the primary medical agencies, 95.0% with professional title of assistant professor or lower title, and 83.7% younger than 50-year old. The data displayed that basic knowledge of cancer pain are poorly mastered. More than half investigates cannot evaluate the pain degrees correctly, and have many erroneous understandings about pain. Conclusion: The training of pain treatments for the medical staff working in primary medical agencies should be enhanced because of their poor grasping. Primary agencies should increase the varieties of analgesic drugs and change their attitude and conception of analgesic drugs administration.展开更多
In order to provide an appropriate context for the current state of the heritage product in tourism industry, semiotic knowledge become an important role to know deeply the identity, philosophy, and also the meaning o...In order to provide an appropriate context for the current state of the heritage product in tourism industry, semiotic knowledge become an important role to know deeply the identity, philosophy, and also the meaning of behind the actual product. Scott （2000） stresses the requirement of aesthetic and semiotic content in a creative product, instead of creativity. But, how many of retailers and salespersons in heritage product believe the semiotic as knowledge to present the product and opportunities in their selling？ According to Kotler （2000） a good personal selling will provide a detailed explanation or demonstration of the product. The message can be varied by the salesperson to fit the motivations and interests or each prospective customer. So, the purpose of this paper is to closely examine the level of awareness among retailers and salesperson toward the important of semiotic knowledge as part of strategic persuasion in a selling process. This survey study will develop a sample among retailers and salesperson in Kuala Terengganu as a respondent who give the feedback to fulfill the research questions.展开更多
The concept of research-based social work is introduced and discussed from the point of view of preconditions for its realization. Attention is paid both to the academic research of social work and to opportunities fo...The concept of research-based social work is introduced and discussed from the point of view of preconditions for its realization. Attention is paid both to the academic research of social work and to opportunities for developing a knowledge-producing social work practice. Both of these are seen as essential elements of a research-based profession. On the one hand, the academic research is necessary for development of social work as a research-based professional system, and on the other hand, a knowledge-producing practice, conducted by research-oriented practitioners, can only be realized within such a system. Historically, social work has been partly developed as a knowledge-applying instead of a knowledge-producing profession, although the central founding pioneers emphasized the importance of an own-knowledge basis and theory formation, as well as the idea of knowledge-producing practice based on a corresponding professional identity. The future of social work as a professional system in modern society may depend decisively on how it develops a research-based professional identity, not only in the sense of academic research but also through practitioners with research orientation. These are practitioners who would be capable of research-based working in terms of creative knowledge production, thus of developing social work as a credible research-based profession. This can be created only through education in which the development of necessary professional skills is linked to advanced academic meta-skills. There are good reasons to suspect that a three-year education is too short for this.展开更多
Under the background of knowledge-based economy, it is widely believed that the completion among enterprises is actually the competition of talents. Therefore, 21 century has seen a fierce competing for talents all ov...Under the background of knowledge-based economy, it is widely believed that the completion among enterprises is actually the competition of talents. Therefore, 21 century has seen a fierce competing for talents all over the world. However, the high turnover rate of knowledge workers becomes a prominent issue for HR managers since it could be the loss of the organizations if the employees who master the core skills and customers leave. Under this circumstance, this paper will focus on answering the question of how to effectively retain knowledge workers, in order to help organizations to keep the core competitiveness. Through literature review of knowledge workers＇ characteristics and needs, this paper highlights the importance of retention and analyzes the reason for knowledge workers leaving and finds that it is important to improve a sense of loyalty and employees＇ organizational commitment to retain knowledge workers. It is also important for the organization to adopt motivation strategies and methods to retain knowledge workers, in order to avoid the drain of core knowledge capital, thus maintaining core competence of organizations.展开更多
文摘Accumulation of vocabulary, knowledge and experience is the foundation of comprehension and expression in simultaneous interpretation. This paper suggests the importance of accumulation in the development of a successful interpreter.
基金supported by a Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura predoctoral grant(FPU13-05605)to RBproject research grants:Junta de Andalucia Proyecto de Excelencia(SEJ-6414)+1 种基金Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad(PSI2013-46385)to DS and FHMinisterio de Economia y Competitividad(PSI2016-75956-P)to DS
文摘Purpose： The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between different types of sport expertise （externally-paced vs. self-paced sports） and vigilance performance in children by evaluating the cardiovascular fitness level of the participants. Methods： Three groups of children （11.0 ± 0.2 years） differentiated in terms of their regular sport participation （football players, n = 20; track and field athletes, n = 20; non-athletic controls, n = 20） took part in the study. In one session, participants performed the Leger Multi-stage fitness test to estimate their aerobic fitness level. In another session, participants completed the Psychomotor Vigilance Task （PVT） to evaluate their vigilance performance under 2 conditions of velocity demands （normal vs. speed）. Results： The results revealed that both groups of sport practitioners had higher cardiovascular fitness than non-athlete controls. In contrast, no significant differences in the performance PVT were found between track and field athletes and controls. Crucially, football players showed better performance in the PVT than track and field athletes and controls. These between-group differences were not modulated by the speed demands of the task. Conclusion： The major novel finding of this research points to a positive relationship between sport participation and vigilance performance during childhood. We discuss our results in terms of the different hypotheses put forward in the literature to explain the relationship between regular exercise and cognitive fimctioning： the ＂cardiovascular fitness＂ and the ＂cognitive component skills＂ hypotheses.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.
基金We would like to thank Ilam University of Medical Science for supporting this studygrant number 908961
文摘Objective:Several factors affect the quality of care in the elderly,such as nurses'attitudes.This study aimed to assess nurses'attitude toward elderly in the city of Ilam.Method:This cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 nurses working at public hospitals in the city of Ilam.Participants were selected using simple random sampling from the list of staff.The Kogan's attitude questionnaire was used to measure nurses'attitudes toward the elderly.Results:The mean age of respondents in this study was 32.65(SD=7.67),and the score of attitudes toward the elderly was 144.96(SD=51.75)in average.More than half(54.3%)of the nurses had negative attitudes toward the elderly.The results of ANOVA analysis showed significant differences(P<0.05)were observed in the attitudes toward the elderly among the nurses as their ages,marital status,work experiences,and ward types differed.Conclusion:In conclusion,nurses in this study have marginally negative attitudes toward the elderly.Therefore,promoting nurses'attitudes toward the elderly is important to provide high-quality care.
文摘Background： Concussions are a common pathology in football and multiple misconceptions exist amongst the players and managers. To address these misconceptions, and potentially reduce concussion associated sequela, effective educational interventions need to be developed. However, the current knowledge and attitude status must be ascertained to appropriately develop these interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess the concussion knowledge and attitude of English professional footballers. Methods： Twenty-six participants from one English Football League Championship club completed the study. A mixed methods approach included the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey （RoCKAS） and a semi-structured interview. The RoCKAS contains separate knowledge （055） and attitude （15-75） scores and was followed by a semi-structured interview consisting of concussion knowledge, attitude, and behavior related questions. Results： The mean score on the RoCK.AS knowledge was 16.4± 2.9 （range 11-22） and the attitude score was 59.6 ± 8.5 （range 41-71）. The interview responses identified inconsistencies between the RoCKAS and the intended behaviors, endorsing multiple concussion misconceptions, and revealed barriers to concussion reporting. Conclusion： The results of this study suggest that Championship Level English footballers have moderate concussion knowledge, safe attitudes, and good concussion symptom recognition when assessed with pen and paper questionnaires. However, within the semi-structured interview many respondents reported unsafe concussion behaviors despite accurately identifying the potential risks. Further, multiple barriers to concussion reporting were identified which included perceived severity of the injury, game situations, and the substitution rule. These findings can help form the foundation of educational interventions to potentially improve concussion reporting behaviors amongst professional footballers.
文摘Objective: To get the message of knowledge and attitude about pain of the medical members from basic medi- cal service sites by questionnaire investigation. To point out concrete directions for generalization and post-education of the three-tiered principles of analgesics treatment of WHO. Methods: We designed a questionnaire about cancer pain treatment. We used it to make inquire in 1040 medical staff from different medical agencies. SPSS software was used to analyze all data. Results: 1027 questionnaires were fit for data analysis. 91.4% of staff working in the primary medical agencies, 95.0% with professional title of assistant professor or lower title, and 83.7% younger than 50-year old. The data displayed that basic knowledge of cancer pain are poorly mastered. More than half investigates cannot evaluate the pain degrees correctly, and have many erroneous understandings about pain. Conclusion: The training of pain treatments for the medical staff working in primary medical agencies should be enhanced because of their poor grasping. Primary agencies should increase the varieties of analgesic drugs and change their attitude and conception of analgesic drugs administration.
文摘In order to provide an appropriate context for the current state of the heritage product in tourism industry, semiotic knowledge become an important role to know deeply the identity, philosophy, and also the meaning of behind the actual product. Scott （2000） stresses the requirement of aesthetic and semiotic content in a creative product, instead of creativity. But, how many of retailers and salespersons in heritage product believe the semiotic as knowledge to present the product and opportunities in their selling？ According to Kotler （2000） a good personal selling will provide a detailed explanation or demonstration of the product. The message can be varied by the salesperson to fit the motivations and interests or each prospective customer. So, the purpose of this paper is to closely examine the level of awareness among retailers and salesperson toward the important of semiotic knowledge as part of strategic persuasion in a selling process. This survey study will develop a sample among retailers and salesperson in Kuala Terengganu as a respondent who give the feedback to fulfill the research questions.
文摘The concept of research-based social work is introduced and discussed from the point of view of preconditions for its realization. Attention is paid both to the academic research of social work and to opportunities for developing a knowledge-producing social work practice. Both of these are seen as essential elements of a research-based profession. On the one hand, the academic research is necessary for development of social work as a research-based professional system, and on the other hand, a knowledge-producing practice, conducted by research-oriented practitioners, can only be realized within such a system. Historically, social work has been partly developed as a knowledge-applying instead of a knowledge-producing profession, although the central founding pioneers emphasized the importance of an own-knowledge basis and theory formation, as well as the idea of knowledge-producing practice based on a corresponding professional identity. The future of social work as a professional system in modern society may depend decisively on how it develops a research-based professional identity, not only in the sense of academic research but also through practitioners with research orientation. These are practitioners who would be capable of research-based working in terms of creative knowledge production, thus of developing social work as a credible research-based profession. This can be created only through education in which the development of necessary professional skills is linked to advanced academic meta-skills. There are good reasons to suspect that a three-year education is too short for this.
文摘Under the background of knowledge-based economy, it is widely believed that the completion among enterprises is actually the competition of talents. Therefore, 21 century has seen a fierce competing for talents all over the world. However, the high turnover rate of knowledge workers becomes a prominent issue for HR managers since it could be the loss of the organizations if the employees who master the core skills and customers leave. Under this circumstance, this paper will focus on answering the question of how to effectively retain knowledge workers, in order to help organizations to keep the core competitiveness. Through literature review of knowledge workers＇ characteristics and needs, this paper highlights the importance of retention and analyzes the reason for knowledge workers leaving and finds that it is important to improve a sense of loyalty and employees＇ organizational commitment to retain knowledge workers. It is also important for the organization to adopt motivation strategies and methods to retain knowledge workers, in order to avoid the drain of core knowledge capital, thus maintaining core competence of organizations.
