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察古今之变:面向未来的中华民族历史观——兼论中华民族历史观形成的知识社会学基础 被引量:1
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作者 杨四代 杜娟 《西南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第5期9-20,共12页
中国一直有悠久的史学传统,对历史的评价亦有相对稳固的评判标准体系,但古人并不能自觉意识到“史观”的存在。严格说来,历史观是近代史学研究兴起之后特有的概念,是对历史科学认识和价值取向的统一。用历史观检视,长期主导古代中国史... 中国一直有悠久的史学传统,对历史的评价亦有相对稳固的评判标准体系,但古人并不能自觉意识到“史观”的存在。严格说来,历史观是近代史学研究兴起之后特有的概念,是对历史科学认识和价值取向的统一。用历史观检视,长期主导古代中国史差异族体书写的是“华夷之辨”族类观,这种族类观在民族史书写上呈现出“先诸传次夷狄”的格局,在一定程度上反映了民族政治文化的不平等性。近代以后,剧烈的政治社会变迁引发了中国人历史观念的重大变革,传统史学的立意与范式遭到颠覆性的挑战,作为其组成部分的“四夷传”等文类亦失去了存续的土壤。与此同时,基于抵制外侵和自立自强的现实需要,以新的历史观念来阐释中国历史上多民族体系的起源与演变成为史学救国的重要内容。在此背景下,突出各民族“共同性”的历史观逐渐代替了“华夷之辨”族类观,成为中华民族历史观最终形成的重要知识社会学基础。就根本而言,中华民族历史观是近代百年来国人对各民族历史关系追溯、多元一体民族国家建设、中华民族未来前途命运等重大问题进行知识社会学建构以及中国具体政治社会实践的结果,深刻蕴含着“察古今之变”的认识论和方法论意涵。 展开更多
关键词 中华民族历史观 近代转型 知识社会学基础
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Social Work as a Research-Based Profession: Opportunities, Prerequisites and Restrictions 被引量:2
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作者 Juha Hamalainen 《Sociology Study》 2011年第7期473-483,共11页
The concept of research-based social work is introduced and discussed from the point of view of preconditions for its realization. Attention is paid both to the academic research of social work and to opportunities fo... The concept of research-based social work is introduced and discussed from the point of view of preconditions for its realization. Attention is paid both to the academic research of social work and to opportunities for developing a knowledge-producing social work practice. Both of these are seen as essential elements of a research-based profession. On the one hand, the academic research is necessary for development of social work as a research-based professional system, and on the other hand, a knowledge-producing practice, conducted by research-oriented practitioners, can only be realized within such a system. Historically, social work has been partly developed as a knowledge-applying instead of a knowledge-producing profession, although the central founding pioneers emphasized the importance of an own-knowledge basis and theory formation, as well as the idea of knowledge-producing practice based on a corresponding professional identity. The future of social work as a professional system in modern society may depend decisively on how it develops a research-based professional identity, not only in the sense of academic research but also through practitioners with research orientation. These are practitioners who would be capable of research-based working in terms of creative knowledge production, thus of developing social work as a credible research-based profession. This can be created only through education in which the development of necessary professional skills is linked to advanced academic meta-skills. There are good reasons to suspect that a three-year education is too short for this. 展开更多
关键词 Social work profession research-based social work education of social work social work practice
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