可计算生物医学知识视角下诊疗规范知识计算化模式研究

[目的/意义]构建可计算生物医学知识视角下的诊疗规范知识计算化模式,推动“数据—知识—实践”循环进程,促进临床诊疗过程各环节决策制定协同发展。[方法/过程]通过文献调研,明晰诊疗规范知识计算化的必要性及应用价值,并在厘清诊疗规范概念、内涵,归纳诊疗规范数据来源、数据特征,提炼诊疗规范知识可计算化特征的基础上,遵循可计算生物医学知识核心思想和DIKW层级模型内涵,构建诊疗规范知识计算化模式并探索其实现路径。[结果/结论]构建“1-336”诊疗规范知识计算化模式立方体,包含1个核心目标、3个知识层级、3条实现子路径、6个关键环节,为各领域知识计算化研究提供理论支撑以及方法学参考和依据。

An Approach towards the Incorporation of Soft Aspects Such as Manufacturing Efforts into Structural Design Optimization

This paper introduces an efficient holistic approach to the design optimization of lightweight structures of braided fiber-reinforced plastic material. The approach aims to mitigate the paradox of making design decisions at early development phases, when necessary information is incomplete or lacking detail so as to properly make these decisions. However, expert knowledge is available and though it is imprecise in nature, it can compensate to create useful models. Manufacturing effort for the braiding process has been described by information accumulated via interviews with braiding experts. This information is then modelled using the soft-computing approach by fuzzy-rule-based systems. The resulting models can further be efficiently integrated into the structural design optimization process. A multidisciplinary design optimization is facilitated considering several aspects including manufacturing effort and structural mechanics, which can be used in early design phases leading to more holistic designing and, thereby, unlocking lightweight and cost-reducing potentials. Benefits of this method, including viability and ease of implementation, are proven by investigations on two academic test problems before advancing to the challenging automotive engineering design problem of the roadster A-pillar.

The Degree of Association between Concepts Focusing on the Viewpoint

For a computer to perform intelligent information processing requires functions that can extract concepts from words, as humans do, and then associate those concepts with related concepts. In order to implement this association function, it is necessary to quantify the degree of association between two concepts. In the present paper, we propose a method for quantifying degree of association focusing on the viewpoint that uses a concept base （a knowledge base that expresses concepts as a collection of pairs, each pair consisting of an attribute word used to describe the concept and a weighting that expresses the word＇s importance）. Here, ＂Viewpoint＂ is the perspective from which a concept is viewed; for example, consider the degree of association between ＂airplane＂ and ＂automobile＂, and the degree of association between ＂airplane＂ and ＂bird＂. From the viewpoint of ＂vehicle＂, ＂airplane＂ and ＂automobile＂ are highly related, while from the viewpoint of ＂flight＂, ＂airplane＂ and ＂bird＂ are highly related. We present herein a comparison of two methods for calculating degree of association focusing on the viewpoint, and demonstrate that the method involving modulation of attribute weightings based on viewpoint results in degree of association calculations that are closer to human senses.

How Semiotics Can Improve Our Knowledge on Computing

Several computer theorists and professionals share the concepts of ＂signifier＂ and ＂signified＂ in intuitive terms but are often unfamiliar with semiotics. There is a special digital divide between semiotics and the technology, because the semiotic notions are usually expressed through verbal expressions instead engineers use the mathematical language. In the first step, the present study suggests the formal descriptions of the signifier and the signified. In the second step, we show how these formal definitions are able to justify the hardware structure of a computer system, and even other properties of computing which are currently presented on the as-is basis. Concluding, the basic concepts of semiotics can unveil intriguing aspect of information technology