The energy budget and regulating factors were investigated over an estuarine wetland during one year of continuous measurement in 2006.The results show that the seasonal changes of the energy fluxes and Bowen ratio(β...The energy budget and regulating factors were investigated over an estuarine wetland during one year of continuous measurement in 2006.The results show that the seasonal changes of the energy fluxes and Bowen ratio(β) were greatly affected by incoming shortwave radiation and canopy growth.During the non-growing season and early-growing season, sensible heat(H) dominated the energy flux, and β could reach a maximum of 2.5, while during most of the growing season, latent heat dominated the energy flux and β fluctuated from 0.4 to 1.0.The energy budget ratio in growing season was about 0.76, and the value would be higher if heat exchange during tidal flooding was in-cluded.During tidal flooding days, β was slightly higher than that at exposure days in most cases.Vegetation cover seems exert little effect on energy partitioning except in March when the standing dead grass intercepted the incoming radiation that might reach the soil surface and reduce the turbulence between soil and atmosphere, thus suppressing the evaporation from the soil though the soil mositure was high at that time.展开更多
A new method of short-term forecasting for water consumption in municipal supply water networks based on wavelet transformation is introduced. By wavelet decomposing commonly used in the signal field, water consumptio...A new method of short-term forecasting for water consumption in municipal supply water networks based on wavelet transformation is introduced. By wavelet decomposing commonly used in the signal field, water consumption per hour is decomposed into many series. Trend item, cycle item and random item are separated from the original time series in this way.Then by analyzing, building a model, forecasting every series and composing the results, the forecasting value of the original consumption is received. Simulation results show that this forecasting method is faster and more accurate, of which the error is less than 2%, indicating that the wavelet analytical method is practicable.展开更多
This paper presents examples of field data of extreme seiche waves measured at Coffs Harbour by MHL and describes the generation and measuring methodology to detect and reduce seiche agitation in the Coifs Harbour boa...This paper presents examples of field data of extreme seiche waves measured at Coffs Harbour by MHL and describes the generation and measuring methodology to detect and reduce seiche agitation in the Coifs Harbour boat ramp using a 3D physical model. The paper also discusses the techniques in investigating a short wave problem of stability in the same model where a long wave is simulated. Waves offshore of Coffs Harbour at 80 m depth have been recorded by MHL for a period of over 30 years. Long waves have been simultaneously measured in the harbour over a period of a decade. These data enabled the model to be verified on two dates （4/6/12, 5/9/14） when high long waves were recorded at the boat ramp harbour under storm and non-storm conditions. Long waves are generated in harbours due to group bounded long wave and surf beat or edge waves. The paper presents methodologies of generating long waves both numerically and by using physical models, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these generation techniques. Numerical modelling carried out using long period regular waves in a previous investigation predicted reductions up to 50% due to change of planform of the boat ramp harbour where an area next to the boat ramp was excavated and roughness elements introduced to dampen long periods. The 3D physical model simulated a 25% decrease in the long wave energy in the boat ramp when a suitable change in the planform was made. A 3D undistorted model of scale 1：58 was used in the investigation.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30870409,40471087)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai (No. 07DZ12038-2)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No.NCET-06-0364) funded by the Ministry of Education of China
文摘The energy budget and regulating factors were investigated over an estuarine wetland during one year of continuous measurement in 2006.The results show that the seasonal changes of the energy fluxes and Bowen ratio(β) were greatly affected by incoming shortwave radiation and canopy growth.During the non-growing season and early-growing season, sensible heat(H) dominated the energy flux, and β could reach a maximum of 2.5, while during most of the growing season, latent heat dominated the energy flux and β fluctuated from 0.4 to 1.0.The energy budget ratio in growing season was about 0.76, and the value would be higher if heat exchange during tidal flooding was in-cluded.During tidal flooding days, β was slightly higher than that at exposure days in most cases.Vegetation cover seems exert little effect on energy partitioning except in March when the standing dead grass intercepted the incoming radiation that might reach the soil surface and reduce the turbulence between soil and atmosphere, thus suppressing the evaporation from the soil though the soil mositure was high at that time.
文摘A new method of short-term forecasting for water consumption in municipal supply water networks based on wavelet transformation is introduced. By wavelet decomposing commonly used in the signal field, water consumption per hour is decomposed into many series. Trend item, cycle item and random item are separated from the original time series in this way.Then by analyzing, building a model, forecasting every series and composing the results, the forecasting value of the original consumption is received. Simulation results show that this forecasting method is faster and more accurate, of which the error is less than 2%, indicating that the wavelet analytical method is practicable.
文摘This paper presents examples of field data of extreme seiche waves measured at Coffs Harbour by MHL and describes the generation and measuring methodology to detect and reduce seiche agitation in the Coifs Harbour boat ramp using a 3D physical model. The paper also discusses the techniques in investigating a short wave problem of stability in the same model where a long wave is simulated. Waves offshore of Coffs Harbour at 80 m depth have been recorded by MHL for a period of over 30 years. Long waves have been simultaneously measured in the harbour over a period of a decade. These data enabled the model to be verified on two dates （4/6/12, 5/9/14） when high long waves were recorded at the boat ramp harbour under storm and non-storm conditions. Long waves are generated in harbours due to group bounded long wave and surf beat or edge waves. The paper presents methodologies of generating long waves both numerically and by using physical models, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these generation techniques. Numerical modelling carried out using long period regular waves in a previous investigation predicted reductions up to 50% due to change of planform of the boat ramp harbour where an area next to the boat ramp was excavated and roughness elements introduced to dampen long periods. The 3D physical model simulated a 25% decrease in the long wave energy in the boat ramp when a suitable change in the planform was made. A 3D undistorted model of scale 1：58 was used in the investigation.
