蛙(Rana Temporaria)直肠上皮短路化电流的观察

应用上皮电压钳技术及Ｕｓｓｉｎｇ上皮组织灌流系统，观察蛙直肠上皮的短路化电流（Ｉｓｃ）和活性物质对蛙直肠上皮短路化电流的作用。实验结果表明氨氯吡咪（Ａｍｉｌｏｒｉｄｅ）能有效地抑制蛙直肠上皮的短路化电流；在Ａｍｉｌｏｒｉｄｅ存在的情况下，β肾上腺素能化合物可加强蛙直肠上皮的短路化电流；提示蛙直肠上皮短路化电流依赖Ｎａ＋的内向转运；Ｎａ＋内向转运过程受β肾上腺素能化合物的调控，但是这种调控机制还需要进一步的研究。

流感病毒对囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节因子影响的研究

目的 探讨原代培养的小鼠气管单层细胞培养方法及流感病毒对原代培养的小鼠气管单层细胞囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节因子的影响，明确流感病毒破坏呼吸系统水盐转运平衡的影响机制。方法 应用倒置显微镜记录细胞形态，应用电阻计测量跨上皮电阻以评估细胞间的紧密连接状态，尤斯灌流装置记录原代培养的小鼠气管单层细胞短路电流。结果 200倍焦距的光镜下培养的原代小鼠气管上皮细胞形态呈紧密连接的铺路石状，跨上皮电阻在培养6 d后大于1 000 Ω；在细胞膜完整的条件下，流感病毒能降低囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节因子短路电流至（52.77±10.30）%，在基底膜通透的细胞单层中，流感病毒能降低囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节因子短路电流至（41.50±1.09）%，而囊性纤维跨膜转导调节因子在调节呼吸道水盐转运平衡中有重要作用。结论 气液交界面模式培养小鼠气管上皮细胞非常高效，并且接近小鼠正常的生理状态；流感病毒可能通过抑制囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节因子的功能，阻滞阴离子分泌，进而诱发慢性阻塞性肺病以及哮喘等肺部相关性疾病。

Optimization and degradation of rubrene/C_(70) heterojunction solar cells

Small molecule organic solar cells （OSCs） with the structure of indium tin oxide （1TO）/molybdenum trioxide （MOO3） （5 nm）/rubrene （x nm）/fullerene （C70） （y nm）/2, 9-dimethyl-4, 7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline （BCP） （6 nm）/aluminum （A1） （150 nm） are fabricated. The thickness of active layer for the devices is investigated in details. The results show that the optimum thicknesses of rubrene layer and C70 layer are 30 nm and 25 nm, respectively. The degradation of the device is also investigated. The result indicates that the open-circuit voltage （Voo） does not change, while the short-circuit current density （Jsc）, fill factor （FF） and power conversion efficiency （PCE） decrease continuously with time. The degradation can be attributed to the oxygen in ambient diffusing and infiltrating into the active materials and reacting with C70 in cells, which can result in the increase of interfacial series resistance.

Flexible thermocells for utilization of body heat

Plastic thermo-electrochemical ceils （thermocells） involving aqueous potassium ferricyanide/ferrocyanide electrolyte have been investigated as an alternative to conventional thermoelectrics for thermal energy harvesting. Plastic thermocells that consist of all pliable materials such as polyethylene terephthalate （PET）, fabrics, and wires are flexible enough to be wearable on the human body and to be wrapped around cylindrical shapes. The performance of the thermocells is enhanced by incorporating carbon nanotubes into activated carbon textiles, due to improved charge transfer at the interface. In cold weather conditions （a surrounding temperature of 5 ℃）, the thermocell generates a short-circuit current density of 0.39 A/m2 and maximum power density of 0.46 mW/m2 from body heat （temperature of 36℃）. For practical use, we have shown that the thermocell charges up a capacitor when worn on a T-shirt by a person. We also have demonstrated that the electrical energy generated from waste pipe heat using a serial array of the thermocells and voltage converters can power a typical commercial light emitting diode （LED）.

Optimizing the component ratio of PEDOT:PSS by water rinse for high efficiency organic solar cells over 16.7%

For the state-of-the-art organic solar cells(OSCs),PEDOT:PSS is the most popularly used hole transport material for the conventional structure.However,it still suffers from several disadvantages,such as low conductivity and harm to ITO due to the acidic PSS.Herein,a simple method is introduced to enhance the conductivity and remove the additional PSS by water rinsing the PEDOT:PSS films.The photovoltaic devices based on the water rinsed PEDOT:PSS present a dramatic improvement in efficiency from 15.98%to 16.75%in comparison to that of the untreated counterparts.Systematic characterization and analysis reveal that although part of the PEDOT:PSS is washed away,it still leaves a smoother film and the ratio of PEDOT to PSS is higher than before in the remaining films.It can greatly improve the conductivity and reduce the damage to substrates.This study demonstrates that finely modifying the charge transport materials to improve conductivity and reduce defeats has great potential for boosting the efficiency of OSCs.

DC Pole-to-Pole Short-Circuit Behavior Analysis of Modular Multilevel Converter

This paper presents the behavior analysis of modular multilevel converter under DC pole-to-pole short-circuit fault, which is an important issue in fault management, electrical system design and MMC based power system protection and control. Firstly, the transient behavior is analyzed and the conduction overlap- ping angle γ, is defined. Secondly, seven possible short-circuit current paths induced by different γ values are identified, and the corresponding engineering short-circuit current calculation methods for both AC and DC sides are proposed. And then, the influences of impedance distribution factor κ and equivalent short-circuit resistance Rsc on short-circuit currents are elaborated the proposed analysis methods. Finally, case study is used to verify the effectiveness of

Enhanced performance of CdS/CdSe quantum dotsensitized solar cells by long-persistence phosphors structural layer

Light absorption plays an important role in improving the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells(QDSSCs).In this study,a multifunctional long-persistence phosphor(LPP)layer was introduced into the CdS/CdSe QDSSCs via a simple doctor blade method.The LPP layer can simultaneously improve the light harvesting and photo charge transfer in CdS/CdSe QDSSCs.As a result,their short-circuit current and corresponding PCE are effectively enhanced.The PCE can reach up to 5.07%,which is about 24%larger than that of the conventional CdS/CdSe QDSSCs without LPP layer.The solar cells can work in dark for a while due to the long-lasting fluorescence of the LPP layer.This research provides an effective way to improve the PCE of QDSSCs,and finds the possibility for all-weather QDSSCs.

Lock-up function of fluorine enhances photovoltaic performance of polythiophene

Three model polythiophenes,PTCBT,PTCFBT and PFTCBT,have been synthesized to investigate the effect of fluorination on photovoltaic performance of polythiothenes.Compared with PTCBT,PFTCBT with F atom on TC unit shows a narrower optical bandgap(1.79 eV),higher crystallinity,and ideal morphology in the active layer,leading to a higher short-circuit current density(J_(SC))of 11.84 mA/cm^2 and a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 5.93%.The lock-up function of fluorine enhances polythiophene backbone planarity and molecular packing.