Magnetic Manipulation of Massless Dirac Fermions in Graphene Quantum Dot

We have theoretically analyzed the quasibound states in a Mraphene quantum dot （GO, D） with a magnetic flux -φ in the centre. It is shown that the two-fold time reversal degeneracy is broken and the quasibound states of GQD with positive^negative angular momentum shifted upwards/downwards with increasing the magnetic flux. The variation of the quasibound energy depends linearly on the magnetic flux, which is quite different from the parabolic relationship for SchrSdinger electrons. The GQD＇s quasibound states spectrum shows an obvious Aharonov-Bohm （AB） oscillations with the magnetic flux. It is also shown that the quasibound state with energy equal to the barrier height becomes a bound state completely confined in GQD.

CLINICAL STUDY OF SHOCK WAVE LITHORTRIPSY AFTER FAILURE OF ENDOSCOPIC LITHORTRIPSY

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of shock wave lithortripsy （SWL） for treating patients with calculus after failure of endoscopic lithortripsy. Methods From Feb. 2006 to Mar. 2007, 60 patients presented to our department with the upper urinary tract stones. Thirty-seven patients were renal stones and twentythree were ureteral stones. All patients with average stone burden of 1.5 cm were treated using a Dornier Compact S lithotripter. The total number of shock waves varied from 1 600 to 3 000 and the energy levels ranged from 1 to 6 units. Results For 37 renal stones, the fragmentation was 75. 67% （28cases） after one SWL session, 10.81% （4 cases） after2 SWL sessions, 5. 40% （2 cases） after 3 SWL sessions, and 2. 70% （1 case） after 4 SWL sessions. Two patients （5.40%） failed and changed to open surgery. For23 ureter calculus, the fragmentation was 82.60% （19cases） after one SWL session and l7. 40% （4cases） after 2 SWL sessions. Conclusion SWL is an effective and reliable treatment for patients with calculus after failure of endoscopic lithortripsy. However, it is very important for doctor to choose appropriate therapy. SWL is a remedy.

Influence of Limited Soil on the Root Distribution and Anchorage of Vitex negundo L.

Field pull-out and laboratory tests were applied to investigate the effect of metal bolts and wire netting on plant root distribution and anchorage characteristics of 9-year-old Vitex negundo L. growing on a weakly weathered rocky slope (38°). Root number, length and diameter were recorded and single root specimens were classified and tested for tensile strength. The results show that root anchorage is different between the two constructions by bolts and wire. Under limited soil condition, root anchorage ability is 80% lower than when there is sufficient soil due to the reduction of the diameter and number of all second-order lateral roots, as well as the reduction of the tensile strength of the embedded second-order and first-order lateral roots on limited soil. We conclude that the distribution and anchorage of Vitex negundo L. is affected by limited soil availability on rocky slopes.

cDNA cloning and expression of a collectin from red-spotted grouper(Epinephelus akaara)

Lectins play a crucial role in the innate immunity of invertebrates and vertebrates by recognizing and disposing of pathogens. We obtained the complete cDNA of a C-type lectin （EALecl） from Epinephelus akaara using RACE. The complete EALecl cDNA sequence was 827 bp. The 5-UTR and 3-UTR were 28 bp and 151 bp, respectively, in length. The sequence also contained a polyadenylation signal AATAAA and a poly（A） tail. The EALecl cDNA encodes polypeptides with 215 amino acids, including a signal peptide of 31 amino acids. The protein has a cysteine-rich region at the N terminal, a collagenous region characterized by G-X-Y repeats, a neck region, and a typical carbohydrate-recognition domain （CRD）, indicating that EALecl is a collectin. The key recognition positions of this CRD are EPD, isolated for the first time in fish. These are likely the interim types, between mannan-binding lectin and galactose-binding lectin. We evaluated the expression pattern of EALecl in 12 different tissues using RT-PCR. EALecl was expressed in all tissues, though at different levels. In addition, we inserted EALecl into an expression vector （pET-28a） for transformation into the BL21 engineering bacteria. Based on enzyme digestion and sequencing of the positive clone, we successfully constructed the EALecl recombinant expression vector.

Origin of Sulfur and Mode of Gypsum Formation in Central Iraqi Soils

The δ18O and 8D values of gypsum crystallization water together with δ18O and 834S of sulfates were used as reliable techniques to study source of sulfur and mode of gypsum formation in selected central Iraqi soils. Six representative pedons on different geologic units were studied. The slope of 3.9 for δ18O and 8D plot of gypsum crystallization water showed that evaporation was the major process of gypsum deposition in the study area. The mean 834S value of ＋17.58 %0 showed that Cretaceous sea sulfate followed by Tertiary is the source of sulfur in studied soils. The heavier 834S value （＋17.58 %0） of the study area compared to central Iran （＋13.5 %） proved that gypsum in central Iraq soils has been formed in the later stage of evaporation and that Iraqi landforms were cut off from the Tethys seaway after central Iran was evolved.

Opportunities and Challenges of Chinese Oil Companies to Develop Iraqi Market

There are abundant proved oil reserves in Iraq, and Chinese companies are looking for petroleum business opportunities in Iraq. Rich experience, strong technical support and good reputation enable Chinese companies to bid for power in Iraqi petroleum market. There is much potential to find big oil reserves in Iraq, and developing Iraqi petroleum market has increased Chinese companies' competition strength.

Possible impact event in the Late Cambrian

The repeated investigation of the Batyrbay section has been done by the authors. Today we see in- creasing of interest to revising of volumes and boundaries of Stages and Series in the Cambrian and Ordovician, as well as to the events of this time. In this work the description of iron spherules and particles, found in the deep-water limestone layer of the conodont Cordylodus prirnitivus Zone in the middle Upper Cambrian of the Batyrbay section, Malyi Karatau of South Kazakhstan, and formed during the time of global sea-level changes known as a world-wide Lange Ranch Eustatic event, have been done. From our point of view, finds of iron spherules and particles may evidence about new unknown yet Event of cosmic origin, i.e. falling of a meteorite on Earth in the middle Late Cambrian.

Analysis of an SME using Silicon and Flexible Organic Solar Cells as Replacements for Fossil Fuel Sources of Electricity in UK and Iraq

Currently, 86% of the energy originates from fossil fuelsforelectricity. These are expected to run out, causing severe environmental damage threatening future generations. The total impact of Small and Medium Enterprises （SMEs） on the economy is significant. Solar cells harness the sun＇s energy to generate electricity in an environmentally friendly manner. This study compares silicon solar cells to flexible Organic Photovoltaic solar cells （OPV） for electricity energy for a micro-business in the UK and Iraq. It shows that it is feasible to replace existing fossil fuel sources with solar cells in Iraq due to a greater amount of solar radiation striking the earth＇s surface. Flexible solar cells can replace a proportion of the energy requirements in the UK and a larger proportion in Iraq. Using existing 20% efficient solar cells, 28% and 83% of the energy requirements of the microbusiness can be replaced in UK and Iraq respectively. Assuming 20% efficiency for solar cells placed on windows, 74% and 220% of the energy requirements of UK and Kurdistan can be replaced respectively and the surplus stored.

Palynological characteristics of Kazakhstan Province of Carboniferous Euramerican Region

The paper presents results of palynological studies of the coal-bearing Carboniferous in Central Kazakhstan. A quantitative dynamics of major genera of miospores reflects an overall succession of the Carboniferous miospore assemblages. Visean Serpukhovian assemblages are dominanted by Lophozonotriletes fuscatus, Acanthozonotriletes cristifer, A. inclusus, Punctatisporites glabratus, Crassispora ignorata, C. scrupea, Cyclobaculisporites trichacanthus, Lycospora breviapiculata, L. echinata and Vallatisporites decrescens. Rare Punctatisporites bertschoguriensis , Stenozonotriletes marginellus , Vallatisporites appilicatus , Verrucosisporites serobiculatus , Retieulatisporites caneellatus, Granulatisporites areuatus are recorded, which are not found in assemblages from overlying sediments. Bashkirian-Moseovian assemblages are dominated by Lyeospora subtriquetra, L. pusilla, Vallatisporites ciliaris, Apiculatisporis mollis, Cyelogranisporites testieulatus, Calamospora mierorugosa, Sehopfipollenites principalis, Psilohyrnena psiloptera, Florinites grandis and Granulatisporites piroformis miospores. Cristatisporites latispinus, Angulisporites didymus, Thymospora obseura and Torispora securis are also present, as well as single Apieulatisporis eurvispinus, Raistriekia inordinata, Marsupipollenites retroflexus, Entylissa eaperata, Potonieisporites grandis and Cordaitina sp. A similar succession of miospore assemblages is recorded in the Carboniferous deposits of Europe and North America, which allows carrying out correlations, despite an endemic characters of many species of Paleozoic miospores from the coal-bearing Carboniferous of the Kazakhstan Province in the Euramerian Paleofloristic Region.

Clinical pathology of nodal micrometasteses in non-small cell lung cancer

Objective： To explore whether the conventional pathologic stages of some non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） patients were underestimated. Methods： 195 lymph node samples were taken from 25 NSCLC patients during the operations. Firstly, each resulting tissue block was processed for routine paraffin embedding. Then the 6- 10 serial sections were chosen, each 5/am thick, from every paraffin block of the lymph node. Finally, the first and the second last sections of each lymph node were stained by hematoxylin eosin （HE）, and the other serial sections were used for the immunohistochemical （IHC） staining examination with the monoclonal antibody against cyokeratin 19. Results： With HE staining, 30 of the 195 regional lymph nodes revealed dominant nodal metastases, and none showed micrometastases. IHC staining was performed on 135 lymph nodes that were identified as free of metastases by HE staining, 31 showed micrometastases; none showed gross nodal metastases. There was a significant difference between HE staining staging and IHC staining staging （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Conventional HE staining can accurately detect gross nodal metastases in the lymph nodes of NSCLC patients, but is unfit for detecting lymph nodal micrometastases. IHC staining analysis can significantly facilitate the detection of occult micrometastatic tumor cells in lymph nodes, and its assessment of nodal micrometastases can provide a refinement of TNM stage for NSCLC patients. Our results provide a rationale for extensive lymph nodes sampling

Magnetic Moments and Electromagnetic Radii of Nucleon and △（1232） in an Extended Goldstone-Boson-Exchange Model

We derive the exchange currents of pseudoscalar, vector, and scalar mesons from Feynman diagrams, and use them to calculate the magnetic form factors of nucleon and △(1232). The magnetic moments and electromagnetic radii are obtained by using those form factors and the parameters determined from the masses of nucleon and △(1232).We find the magnetic moments and electromagnetic radii of nucleon and △(1232) can be produced very well in the extended Goldstone-Boson-exchange model in which all of pseudoscalar, vector, and scalar meson nonet are included.The magnetic moments of △(1232) are closer to experiment values and results from lattice calculation than the results obtained by the model without other mesons except for pion and sigma.

Heterogenous zircons from Mesozoic igneous rocks in the North China Craton and their tectonic implications

Based on a synthesis of zircon inheritance from Mesozoic igneous rocks in the eastern portion of the North China Craton （NCC） , it is proposed that inherited zircons with Neoproterozoie ages identified from these rocks are of a heterogenous derivation from the Yangtze/South China block, rather than from the NCC itself. The mechanism that introduces these zircons incorporated into the NCC is likely by tectonic underplating during the Triassic continental subduction of the Yangtze block beneath the NCC. Tectonic addition of abundant crustal materials represented by the heterogenous zircons into the NCC, probably along Moho or weak interfaces within the NCC＇s crust, led to the crustal thickening in the NCC. These heterogenous materials, either as （partial） source rocks or as contaminants of the magmas generated during an extension environment following the crustal thickening, were reworked and therefore have significant contribution to petrogenesis of the Mesozoic igneous rocks. The crustal thickening resulted from the tectonic underplating, as indicated by the distribution extent of the heterogenous zircons, is spatially similar to that of the lithospheric thinning, with both mainly occurring in the eastern segment of the NCC. This is probably suggestive of an intrinsic relation between the thickening and thinning events during the Mesozoic evolution of the NCC.

Mechanism of zonal disintegration phenomenon in enclosing rock mass around deep tunnels

In order to study the mechanism of the zonal disintegration phenomenon(ZDP),both experimental and theoretical investigations were carried out.Firstly,based on the similarity law,gypsum was chosen as equivalent material to simulate the deep rock mass,the excavation of deep tunnel was modeled by drilling a hole in the gypsum models,two circular cracked zones were measured in the model,and ZDP in the enclosing rock mass around deep tunnel was simulated in 3D gypsum model tests.Secondly, based on the elasto-plastic analysis of the stressed-strained state of the surrounding rock mass with the improved Hoek-Brown strength criterion and the bilinear constitutive model,the maximum stress zone occurred in vicinity of the elastic-plastic interface due to the excavation of the deep tunnel,rock material in maximum stress zone is in the approximate uniaxial loading state owing to the larger tangential force and smaller radial force,the mechanism of ZDP was explained,which lay in the creep instability failure of rock mass due to the development of plastic zone and transfer of the maximum stress zone within the rock mass.Thirdly,the analytical critical depth for the occurrence of ZDP was obtained,which depended on the mechanical indices and stress concentration coefficient of rock mass.

Natural Conditions of Humanity Appearance and Development in Kazakh Steppe

The first humans （hominids） appeared at about the same geological time in three independent areas： in East Africa, southern Indochina and in the Kazakh steppe. People inhabiting all continents and countries around the world descended from hominids that emerged in these three foci then resided elsewhere. The number of people emerged 2-3 million years ago now about 7.0 billion people. They inhabit the planet and the master space. Kazakh steppe, located in the middle of the Eurasian continent, has always had a positive impact on neighboring countries. According to historical geological data obtained in the south near the ridge Karatau, the first people emerged on the territory of Kazakhstan were found about 2 million years ago. Such a conclusion was made on the basis of residual cultural pebble tools of hominids, founded by scientists. As a result of geological survey work carried out in the 1960＇s there were found some primitive people, starting with the era of＂Arystandy culture＂ and including the Late Paleolithic era in the area of ridges Big and Small Karatau. There had been found the fossil remains of large mammals hunted by hominids around the sites of ancient people. Thanks for these residues the corresponding time of residence of primitive people can be judged from the animal world of the Kazakh steppe.

Rockfall Hazard Analyses and Rockfall Protection along the Adriatic Coast of Croatia

During the last decade, large rockfalls occurred on the steep limestone slopes along the Adriatic Coast of Croatia, causing injury to people and serious damage to buildings and traffic facilities. The rockfalls along the limestone slopes were caused by unfavorable characteristics of the rock mass, weathering in combination with heavy rainfall and artificial influences during highway construction. Rockfall protection projects were conducted to protect human lives and facilities from future rockfalls. The rockfall protection program started with rockfall hazard analyses to identify the potential of rockfalls to occur and the potential consequences. At the locations of hazards where related risks were determined, detailed field investigations were conducted. Based on the indentified characteristics of potentially unstable rock masses, analyses of movement and resulting pathways were conducted. The trajectories, impact energy and the height of bouncing are dependent on slope geometry, slope surface roughness and rockfall block characteristics. Two protection measure approaches were adopted： prevention of rockfalls by removing potentially unstable rock mass or installation of rock mass support systems and suspending running rockfall masses with rockfall protection barriers. In this paper, rockfall hazard determination, rockfall analyses and rockfall protection designs for rockfall protection systems at selected locations on the limestone slopes along the Adriatic coast of Croatia are presented.

Content of Cadmium in Poppy Seeds and Poppy Seeds Containing Products Marketed in Czech Republic

Concentration of cadmium in poppy seeds, semi-finished products and baked goods with poppy seeds was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry （GF-AAS）. Homogenous samples of poppy seeds and products containing poppy seeds were digested by means of microwave digestion system by using of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide as reagents. The measurements were carried out using an atomic absorption spectrometer with Zeeman background correction. Detection limit was 0.003 mg/kg. A total of 208 samples of poppy seeds （from years 2004-2009） and 17 samples of semi-finished and baked goods were analysed. The average content was 0.64 mg/kg （median 0.64 mg/kg） for poppy seeds and 0.079 mg/kg （median 0.069 mg/kg） for semi-finished and baked goods. The relative standard deviation was lower than 5% for all measurements.

钱学森

在那里功成名就．在那里何止小康；那是多少人终生的梦境。那是多少人憧憬的天堂。你挥挥手断然告别，回新中国——那贫瘠的家乡。

咏老

没有请，不曾邀， 无人迎接自己到. 黑发变白牙下岗， 额上皱纹深成壕。

光亮(外一首)

你飘然远去的背影 是滑向西山的月亮 你迎面走来的笑容 是喷薄升起的太阳

十二五规划

远看像朝霞．近看像春花。拿到手里才知道，那是一幅中华明天的美景画!