The flotation and adsorption behaviors of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride（DTAC） and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride（CTAC） on diaspore and kaolinite were studied.Solution depletion methods were used to determine ...The flotation and adsorption behaviors of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride（DTAC） and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride（CTAC） on diaspore and kaolinite were studied.Solution depletion methods were used to determine adsorption isotherms.Fluorescence probe test along with Zeta potential measurement was also conducted for further investigation into the adsorption of quaternary amines at the mineral-water interface.The results show that the flotation recovery of kaolinite decreases with an increase in pH when DTAC and CTAC are used as collectors,while diaspore is on the contrary.As the carbon chain length of the collectors increases,the flotation recoveries of minerals increase.However,the increment rate of kaolinite is significantly lower than that of diaspore.In the low surfactant concentration range,the cationic surfactants adsorb readily on diaspore surfaces just due to electrostatic interactions.As for kaolinite surfaces,ion exchange process also exists.With a further increase in surfactant concentration,the adsorption was ascribed to the hydrophobic association of chain-chain interactions.Micro-polarity of mineral surfaces study shows that CTAC has a better hydrophobic characteristic than DTAC.Larger aggregates are formed with CTAC on diaspore than on kaolinite in the same solution concentration.The results also indicate that the chain length of cationic surfactants has a greater influence on the adsorption of diaspore than on kaolinite,which is consistent with the flotation result.展开更多
The bulk electronic structure of kaolinite (001) plane was studied with quantum mechanical calculations. The CASTEP parameterization of ultrasoft pseudopotentials without core corrections was used to optimize the stru...The bulk electronic structure of kaolinite (001) plane was studied with quantum mechanical calculations. The CASTEP parameterization of ultrasoft pseudopotentials without core corrections was used to optimize the structure of kaolinite bulk and slab models. The results show that Fermi energy of kaolinite (001) plane is 3.05 eV, and the band gap is 4.52 eV. The partial density of states (PDOS) of kaolinite (001) plane indicates that Al-O and Si-O bonds on the mineral surface are highly polar. The oxygen atoms of hydroxyl groups in surface layer are capable of forming hydrogen bond with the head group of cationic collectors. The properties of dodecylamine (DDA) cation were also calculated by density function theory (DFT) method at B3LYP/6-31G (d) level for illuminating the flotation processes of kaolinite. Besides the electrostatic attraction, the mechanism between kaolinite and DDA is found to be hydrogen bonds under acidic condition.展开更多
The effect of background anion on cation exchange reactions, suchas Na-Ca and Na-Cu exchange reac- tions, on montmorillonites has beenstudied, but the results are not always clear and discrepancies existin the literat...The effect of background anion on cation exchange reactions, suchas Na-Ca and Na-Cu exchange reac- tions, on montmorillonites has beenstudied, but the results are not always clear and discrepancies existin the literature. In this study, the exchange of zinc (Zn^2+) forsodium (Na^+) on Wyoming montmorillonite was investigated at 298 deg.K using Cl^-, ClO_4^-, NO_3^-, Oac^-, and SO_4~2- solution media at aconstant total metal charge concentration of 0.02000 mol_c L^-1.Results indicated that the clay CEC values were essential similar forCl^-, ClO_4^-, NO_3^- and SO_4~2- solution media with an average CECof 0.856±0.008 mol_c kg^-1; in an OAc^- solution the clay CEC wasmuch higher than that in other anion media.展开更多
To evaluate the role of kaolinite and variable charge soils on the hydrolytic reaction of Al, the hydrolysis of Al ions in suspensions of a kaolinite and an Oxisol influenced by organic anions was investigated using c...To evaluate the role of kaolinite and variable charge soils on the hydrolytic reaction of Al, the hydrolysis of Al ions in suspensions of a kaolinite and an Oxisol influenced by organic anions was investigated using changes of pH, Al adsorption, and desorption of pre-adsorbed Al. Kaolinite and the Oxisol promoted the hydrolytic reaction of Al above a certain initial Al concentration (0.1 mmol L-1 for kaolinite and 0.3 mmol L-1 for the Oxisol). The Al hydrolysis accelerated by kaolinite and the Oxisol increased with an increase in initial concentration of Al and was observed in the range of pH from 3.7 to 4.7 for kaolinite and 3.9 to 4.9 for the Oxisol. The acceleration of Al hydrolysis also increased with the increase of solution pH, reached a maximum value at pH 4.5, and then decreased sharply. Al hydrolysis was promoted mainly through selective adsorption for hydroxy-Al. Soil free iron oxides compensated a portion of the soil negative charge or masked some soil surface negative sites leading to a decrease in Al adsorption, which retarded acceleration to some extent. For the Oxisol organic anions increased the proportion of adsorbed Al3+ in total adsorbed Al with the increase in soil negative surface charge and eliminated or reduced the acceleration of Al hydrolysis. Different organic anions inhibited the hydrolysis of Al in the order: citrate > oxalate > acetate (under initial pH of 4.5). The formation of Al-organic complexes in solution also inhibited the hydrolysis of Al.展开更多
Andalusite rich schist until now has not been utilized to produce refractory. In this work, refractory materials were elaborated from alumina-silica geomaterials related to granitoids and their direct surrounding roc...Andalusite rich schist until now has not been utilized to produce refractory. In this work, refractory materials were elaborated from alumina-silica geomaterials related to granitoids and their direct surrounding rocks （kaolin clay and andalusite fiche schist）. Characterization evolution on heating was investigated in a composition （80% kaolinitic clay, 20% andalusite rich schist）. The evolution of mullite was examined by SEM （scanning electron microscopy） and XRD （X-ray diffraction）. The thermal shock test showed that the refractory sample has a good thermal shock resistance.展开更多
This paper studies the adsorption isotherm curves of four amino acids (glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and lysine) and the effects of existences of different concentrations of Cu(II) on them. Both the adsorption...This paper studies the adsorption isotherm curves of four amino acids (glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and lysine) and the effects of existences of different concentrations of Cu(II) on them. Both the adsorption isotherm of the amino acids on the kaolinite and that when the copper ion Cu (II) exists belong to the Langmuir type. The slopes of these adsorption isotherm increase with the increasing concentrations of Cu(II) added. It can be explained in terms of formation of the type(I) ternary surface complexes in these systems. The regular pattern of the effects of copper ion Cu(II) on the adsorption isotherm of amino acids on the kaolinite is identical with that of its effects on the exchange and adsorption percentage E (%)-pH on the kaolinite in the same system.展开更多
基金Projects (50974134,50804055) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (2005CB623701) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘The flotation and adsorption behaviors of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride（DTAC） and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride（CTAC） on diaspore and kaolinite were studied.Solution depletion methods were used to determine adsorption isotherms.Fluorescence probe test along with Zeta potential measurement was also conducted for further investigation into the adsorption of quaternary amines at the mineral-water interface.The results show that the flotation recovery of kaolinite decreases with an increase in pH when DTAC and CTAC are used as collectors,while diaspore is on the contrary.As the carbon chain length of the collectors increases,the flotation recoveries of minerals increase.However,the increment rate of kaolinite is significantly lower than that of diaspore.In the low surfactant concentration range,the cationic surfactants adsorb readily on diaspore surfaces just due to electrostatic interactions.As for kaolinite surfaces,ion exchange process also exists.With a further increase in surfactant concentration,the adsorption was ascribed to the hydrophobic association of chain-chain interactions.Micro-polarity of mineral surfaces study shows that CTAC has a better hydrophobic characteristic than DTAC.Larger aggregates are formed with CTAC on diaspore than on kaolinite in the same solution concentration.The results also indicate that the chain length of cationic surfactants has a greater influence on the adsorption of diaspore than on kaolinite,which is consistent with the flotation result.
基金Project(2005CB623701) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(50874118) supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2007B52) supported by the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China
文摘The bulk electronic structure of kaolinite (001) plane was studied with quantum mechanical calculations. The CASTEP parameterization of ultrasoft pseudopotentials without core corrections was used to optimize the structure of kaolinite bulk and slab models. The results show that Fermi energy of kaolinite (001) plane is 3.05 eV, and the band gap is 4.52 eV. The partial density of states (PDOS) of kaolinite (001) plane indicates that Al-O and Si-O bonds on the mineral surface are highly polar. The oxygen atoms of hydroxyl groups in surface layer are capable of forming hydrogen bond with the head group of cationic collectors. The properties of dodecylamine (DDA) cation were also calculated by density function theory (DFT) method at B3LYP/6-31G (d) level for illuminating the flotation processes of kaolinite. Besides the electrostatic attraction, the mechanism between kaolinite and DDA is found to be hydrogen bonds under acidic condition.
文摘The effect of background anion on cation exchange reactions, suchas Na-Ca and Na-Cu exchange reac- tions, on montmorillonites has beenstudied, but the results are not always clear and discrepancies existin the literature. In this study, the exchange of zinc (Zn^2+) forsodium (Na^+) on Wyoming montmorillonite was investigated at 298 deg.K using Cl^-, ClO_4^-, NO_3^-, Oac^-, and SO_4~2- solution media at aconstant total metal charge concentration of 0.02000 mol_c L^-1.Results indicated that the clay CEC values were essential similar forCl^-, ClO_4^-, NO_3^- and SO_4~2- solution media with an average CECof 0.856±0.008 mol_c kg^-1; in an OAc^- solution the clay CEC wasmuch higher than that in other anion media.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40271062).
文摘To evaluate the role of kaolinite and variable charge soils on the hydrolytic reaction of Al, the hydrolysis of Al ions in suspensions of a kaolinite and an Oxisol influenced by organic anions was investigated using changes of pH, Al adsorption, and desorption of pre-adsorbed Al. Kaolinite and the Oxisol promoted the hydrolytic reaction of Al above a certain initial Al concentration (0.1 mmol L-1 for kaolinite and 0.3 mmol L-1 for the Oxisol). The Al hydrolysis accelerated by kaolinite and the Oxisol increased with an increase in initial concentration of Al and was observed in the range of pH from 3.7 to 4.7 for kaolinite and 3.9 to 4.9 for the Oxisol. The acceleration of Al hydrolysis also increased with the increase of solution pH, reached a maximum value at pH 4.5, and then decreased sharply. Al hydrolysis was promoted mainly through selective adsorption for hydroxy-Al. Soil free iron oxides compensated a portion of the soil negative charge or masked some soil surface negative sites leading to a decrease in Al adsorption, which retarded acceleration to some extent. For the Oxisol organic anions increased the proportion of adsorbed Al3+ in total adsorbed Al with the increase in soil negative surface charge and eliminated or reduced the acceleration of Al hydrolysis. Different organic anions inhibited the hydrolysis of Al in the order: citrate > oxalate > acetate (under initial pH of 4.5). The formation of Al-organic complexes in solution also inhibited the hydrolysis of Al.
文摘Andalusite rich schist until now has not been utilized to produce refractory. In this work, refractory materials were elaborated from alumina-silica geomaterials related to granitoids and their direct surrounding rocks （kaolin clay and andalusite fiche schist）. Characterization evolution on heating was investigated in a composition （80% kaolinitic clay, 20% andalusite rich schist）. The evolution of mullite was examined by SEM （scanning electron microscopy） and XRD （X-ray diffraction）. The thermal shock test showed that the refractory sample has a good thermal shock resistance.
文摘This paper studies the adsorption isotherm curves of four amino acids (glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and lysine) and the effects of existences of different concentrations of Cu(II) on them. Both the adsorption isotherm of the amino acids on the kaolinite and that when the copper ion Cu (II) exists belong to the Langmuir type. The slopes of these adsorption isotherm increase with the increasing concentrations of Cu(II) added. It can be explained in terms of formation of the type(I) ternary surface complexes in these systems. The regular pattern of the effects of copper ion Cu(II) on the adsorption isotherm of amino acids on the kaolinite is identical with that of its effects on the exchange and adsorption percentage E (%)-pH on the kaolinite in the same system.
