With the development of economic activities, marine oil pollution is becoming an increasing serious problem. Instead of dissolved in seawater, petroleum hydrocarbons are more easily enriched in sediments, which poses ...With the development of economic activities, marine oil pollution is becoming an increasing serious problem. Instead of dissolved in seawater, petroleum hydrocarbons are more easily enriched in sediments, which poses a serious threat to benthos. In this paper, the research progresses on toxicity of marine petroleum hydrocarbon for polychaetes were reviewed in recent years, including the toxic mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbons, the feeding habits, the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on the antioxidant defense system, the nervous system damages, the molecular damages of polychaetes under the stress of petroleum hydrocarbon, the accumulation and metabolism of petroleum hydrocarbons in polychaetes. The future research direction were also prospected.展开更多
The reaction heat effect analysis for the aromatization process of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was completed in this paper. In order to characterize this complex reaction system, one set of independent reactions was...The reaction heat effect analysis for the aromatization process of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was completed in this paper. In order to characterize this complex reaction system, one set of independent reactions was determined by means of atomic coefficient matrix method. Based on reaction thermodynamic and stoichiometric knowledge, the heat effect, Gibbs free energy change and equilibrium constant for each independent reaction was calculated for the specified conditions. Under these conditions, based on the initial and final composition data from LPG aromatization experiments, the actual extent of reaction for each independent reaction was determined. Furthermore, the global reaction heat and adiabatic temperature rise of LPG aromatization reaction system could be estimated. This work would provide a theoretical guidance for the design and scale-up of reactor for LPG aromatization process, as well as for the selection of proper operating conditions.展开更多
The casing damage has been a big problem in oilfield production. The current detection methods mostly are used after casing damage, which is not very effective. With the rapid development of China's offshore oil i...The casing damage has been a big problem in oilfield production. The current detection methods mostly are used after casing damage, which is not very effective. With the rapid development of China's offshore oil industry, the number of offshore oil wells is becoming larger and larger. Because the cost of offshore oil well is very high, the casing damage will cause huge economic losses. What's more, it can also bring serious pollution to marine environment. So the effective methods of detecting casing damage are required badly. The accumulation of stress is the main reason for the casing damage. Magnetic anisotropy technique based on counter magnetostriction effect can detect the stress of casing in real time and help us to find out the hidden dangers in time. It is essential for us to prevent the casing damage from occurring. However, such technique is still in the development stage. Previous studies mostly got the relationship between stress and magnetic signals by physical experiment, and the study of physical mechanism in relative magnetic permeability connecting the stress and magnetic signals is rarely reported. The present paper uses the ANSYS to do the three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation to study how the relative magnetic permeability works for the oil casing model. We find that the quantitative relationship between the stress' s variation and magnetic induction intensity's variation is: Δδ =K* ΔB, K = 8.04×109, which is proved correct by physical experiment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21677065).
文摘With the development of economic activities, marine oil pollution is becoming an increasing serious problem. Instead of dissolved in seawater, petroleum hydrocarbons are more easily enriched in sediments, which poses a serious threat to benthos. In this paper, the research progresses on toxicity of marine petroleum hydrocarbon for polychaetes were reviewed in recent years, including the toxic mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbons, the feeding habits, the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on the antioxidant defense system, the nervous system damages, the molecular damages of polychaetes under the stress of petroleum hydrocarbon, the accumulation and metabolism of petroleum hydrocarbons in polychaetes. The future research direction were also prospected.
文摘The reaction heat effect analysis for the aromatization process of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was completed in this paper. In order to characterize this complex reaction system, one set of independent reactions was determined by means of atomic coefficient matrix method. Based on reaction thermodynamic and stoichiometric knowledge, the heat effect, Gibbs free energy change and equilibrium constant for each independent reaction was calculated for the specified conditions. Under these conditions, based on the initial and final composition data from LPG aromatization experiments, the actual extent of reaction for each independent reaction was determined. Furthermore, the global reaction heat and adiabatic temperature rise of LPG aromatization reaction system could be estimated. This work would provide a theoretical guidance for the design and scale-up of reactor for LPG aromatization process, as well as for the selection of proper operating conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41174157)
文摘The casing damage has been a big problem in oilfield production. The current detection methods mostly are used after casing damage, which is not very effective. With the rapid development of China's offshore oil industry, the number of offshore oil wells is becoming larger and larger. Because the cost of offshore oil well is very high, the casing damage will cause huge economic losses. What's more, it can also bring serious pollution to marine environment. So the effective methods of detecting casing damage are required badly. The accumulation of stress is the main reason for the casing damage. Magnetic anisotropy technique based on counter magnetostriction effect can detect the stress of casing in real time and help us to find out the hidden dangers in time. It is essential for us to prevent the casing damage from occurring. However, such technique is still in the development stage. Previous studies mostly got the relationship between stress and magnetic signals by physical experiment, and the study of physical mechanism in relative magnetic permeability connecting the stress and magnetic signals is rarely reported. The present paper uses the ANSYS to do the three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation to study how the relative magnetic permeability works for the oil casing model. We find that the quantitative relationship between the stress' s variation and magnetic induction intensity's variation is: Δδ =K* ΔB, K = 8.04×109, which is proved correct by physical experiment.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program):Ecosystem Services and Ecological Safety of the Major Terrestrial Ecosystems of China(grant number:2009CB421106)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:30670374)the EU 6th Framework Programme for Research,Technological Development and Demonstration,Priority 1.1.6.3 Global Change and Ecosystems(European Commission,DG Research,contract 003874[GPCE])
