淋洗对石灰性土壤硝态氮含量及小麦吸氮量的影响

在陕西省的澄城、永寿、杨陵三地采集有机质、全氮、硝态氮含量差异较大的 17个土样 ,分别在淋洗土壤硝态氮前、后 ,以小麦为供试作物 ,用盆栽试验研究淋洗对土壤硝态氮含量及小麦吸氮量的影响。结果表明 ,淋洗后土壤起始硝态氮减少了 2 .9%～ 89.6 %。淋失量与硝态氮浓度有关 :浓度高时 ,淋失量大 ;浓度不高时 ,淋失量小。与此相对应 ,淋洗起始硝态氮后 ,盆栽小麦吸氮量减少 5 .5 %～ 6 9.8% ,而且作物吸氮减少量与硝态氮淋失量密切相关 (r=0 .95 6 ,n=17) ,硝态氮淋失量可对作物吸氮减少量给出 93.

塔里木盆地中部满深1断裂带的多期断裂活动

满深1断裂带位于塔里木盆地中部的阿满过渡带,走向NNE‑SSW,是三维地震解释发现的一条断裂带。精细的三维地震解释识别出6期断裂,从老到新包括:南华—震旦纪正断层、晚奥陶世—早志留世逆冲断层、中志留世—石炭纪正断层、二叠纪正断层、三叠纪逆冲断层和侏罗纪正断层。中志留世—石炭纪的正断层可以进一步划分为中志留世—中泥盆世正断层和晚泥盆世—石炭纪正断层两期。前者为主,是昆仑—阿尔金早古生代碰撞造山带的造山后构造;后者是前者的复活。中志留世—石炭纪正断层作用形成一系列近南北走向的正断层,组合成一条NNE‑SSW走向的右列左旋张扭性断层带,形成满深1断裂带。二叠纪裂谷作用成因的正断层和岩浆活动显著改造断裂带,使之基本定型。三叠纪的冲断构造叠加于依合2构造之上。侏罗纪伸展作用对构造带有一定的调整影响。南华—震旦纪正断层和晚奥陶世—早志留世的冲断构造与满深1断裂带相交,对构造带的形成影响不大。侏罗纪正断层的发现,是塔里木盆地当时处于区域性伸展构造背景的重要证据。

Influence of Nitric Acid Concentration on Characteristics of Olive Stone Based Activated Carbon

In this work we investigated the effect of nitric acid concentration on the pore structure,surface chemistry and liquid phase adsorption of olive stone based activated carbon prepared by mixing process using phosphoric acid and steam as activating agents.Chemicals and textural characterization show that the increase of HNO3concentration increases considerably the total acidic groups but decreases specific surface area and pore volume.The study of adsorption in aqueous solutions of two organics,phenol and methylene blue,on raw and oxidized activated carbon indicates that the treatment of mixed activated carbon with different concentrations of nitric acid improves the adsorbent capacity for methylene blue at HNO3concentrations less or equal to 2 mol·L 1,while it has a negative effect on phenol adsorption.

Self-assembled activated carbon sandwiched graphene film for symmetrical supercapacitors

Activated carbon(AC)particles sandwiched reduced graphene oxide sheets(rGO)film has been successfully fabricated via a facile self-assemble approach.The as-formed AC/rGO film is self-standing,flexible and mechanically robust,allowing to be transferred to any substrate on demand without rupture.Since AC particles effectively suppressed the restacking of the rGO sheet,AC/rGO film exhibits loose layer-by-layer stacking structures with various gaps between AC particles and rGO sheets,which is different from compact structures of pure graphene films.The as-formed gaps provide fast diffusion channels for electrolyte ions and enhanced accessible surface area of rGO.Therefore,the AC/rGO electrode delivers improved electrochemical performance over the voltage range of 0.0−3.0 V.This work offers a promising strategy to design free-standing supercapacitor electrodes based on traditional nanocarbon materials.

Pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid in Chinese kidney transplant patients

To assess the influence of cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) on mycophenolic acid (MPA) and correlation analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters and patient characteristics, clinical outcome in Chinese kidney transplant recipients, the pharmacokinetics of 1000 mg mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) twice daily was measured by high-performance liquid chro- matography (HPLC). PKS (Pharmaceutical Kinetics Software) 1.0.2 software package was used for the calculation of pharma- cokinetic parameters. The mean Cmax, tmax, and AUC(0?12)were (21.88±10.52) μg/ml, (1.20±0.95) h, and (52.546±13.215) μg·h/ml, respectively. The level of AUC(0?12) in the FK506 group was significantly higher than that in the CsA group. MPA appeared not to be affected by renal function. MPA AUC(0?12) showed statistically significant difference according to the patient’s gender.

Catalytic Performance of Carbon Materials Supported Pd Nanoparticles in Selective Hydrogenation of Acetylene

Pd/C catalysts were prepared by deposited Pd nanoparticles （NPs） on different carbon supports including activated carbon （AC）, graphite oxide （GO）, and reduced graphite oxide （rGO） using sol-immobilization method. Through transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray di raction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the role of the carbon supports for the catalytic performances of Pd/C catalysts was examined in selective hydrogenation of acetylene. The results indicate that Pd/AC exhibited higher activity and selectivity than Pd/GO and Pd/rGO in the gas phase selective hydrogenation of acetylene. Thermal and chemical treatment of AC supports also have some effect on the catalytic performance of Pd/AC catalysts. The differences in the activity and selectivity of various Pd/C catalysts were partly attributed to the metal-support interaction.

Removal of Dispersed Dyes from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Olive Stones

In order to valorize olive stones and to show its potential use in the sorption of two dispersed dyes, it was transformed in activate carbon and characterized. The effects of different system variables： pH, agitation speed, temperature and initial dye concentration were studied in the batch tests. The adsorption capacity of activated carbon for the dyes removal was found to be affected by the solution＇s pH. Acidic pH was found the favour disperse dyes removal. Over 95% removal was achieved for both the dyes at pH 3. The equilibrium time for both dyes was 30 min. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms could be used to describe the adsorption of the dyes. Freundlich adsorption model succeeded in fitting the adsorption isotherms of dyes on olive stones activated carbon in single-solute systems, and prediction of the competitive adsorption behavior of dyes with the Freundlich-based Sheindorf-Rebuhn-Sheintuch （SRS） model gave acceptable results.

Adsorption Characteristics of Activated Carbon Derived from Scrap Tires for Malachite Green:Influence of Small Organics

The influence of small organics on the adsorption characteristics of activated carbon produced from industrial pyrolytic tire char(APTC)for malachite green(MG) was investigated by a batch method. Phenol was chosen as the representative of small organics. The effects of phenol on adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics were studied systematically. The results indicate that APTC is a potential adsorbent for MG. The presence of phenol decreases the adsorption capacity of APTC for MG, but improves the rate of adsorption, while the adsorption characteristics, such as equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics are not affected by phenol. The adsorption equilibrium data follow Langmuir isotherm and the kinetic data are well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption process follows intra-particle diffusion model and the adsorption rate is determined by more than one process. Thermodynamic study shows that the adsorption is an endothermic and spontaneous physisorption process.

Dynamics of CO_2 Emission and Biochemical Properties of a Sandy Calcareous Soil Amended with Conocarpus Waste and Biochar

Biochar is a carbon-rich product obtained by biomass pyrolysis and considered a mean of carbon sequestration. In this research, a sandy calcareous soil from the Farm of the College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, was amended with either woody waste of Conocarpus erectus L.(CW) or the biochar(BC) produced from CW at rates of 0(control), 10, 30 and 50 g kg-1. The effects of the amendments on soil p H, dissolved organic carbon(DOC), microbial biomass carbon(MBC), CO2 emission and metabolic quotient(q CO2) of the sandy calcareous soil were studied in a 60-d incubation experiment. The results showed that the addition of CW led to a significant decrease in soil p H compared to the control and the addition of BC. The CO2-C emission rate was higher in the first few days of incubation than when the incubation time progressed. The cumulative CO2-C emission from the soil amended with CW, especially at higher rates, was higher(approximately 3- to 6-fold) than that from the control and the soil amended with BC. The BC-amended soil showed significant increases in CO2-C emission rate during the first days of incubation as compared to the non-amended soil, but the increase in cumulative CO2-C emission was not significant after 60 d of incubation. On the other hand, CW applications resulted in considerably higher cumulative CO2-C emission, MBC and DOC than the control and BC applications. With the exception of 0 day(after 1 h of incubation), both CW and BC applications led to lower values of q CO2 as compared to the control. The power function kinetic model satisfactorily described the cumulative CO2-C emission. Generally, the lowest values of CO2 emission were observed in the soil with BC, suggesting that the contribution of BC to CO2 emission was very small as compared to that of CW.