The decomposition kinetics for formation of CO2 hydrates in 90 cm 3wet natural silica sands were studied systematically using the depressurization method at the temperatures ranging from 273.2 to 277.2 K and the press...The decomposition kinetics for formation of CO2 hydrates in 90 cm 3wet natural silica sands were studied systematically using the depressurization method at the temperatures ranging from 273.2 to 277.2 K and the pressures from 0.5 to 1.0 MPa.The effects of temperature,pressure,particle diameter,porosity,and salinity of formation water on the decomposition kinetics were investigated.The results show that the dissociation percentage increases as temperature increases or as the initial decomposition pressure decreases.An increase in porosity or a decrease in particle diameter of silica sands accelerates the decomposition.Increasing the salinity of the formation water gives rise to a faster decomposition.However,a combination of the present results with the observations in literature reveals that the effect of the coexisting ionic solute depends on its chemical structure.展开更多
文摘砂颗粒流在石英砂滤层反冲洗流场中的速度分布,对滤层流化状态的稳定性和反冲洗效果起决定性作用。为了对滤层反冲洗过程砂颗粒的速度场进行分析,并确定最佳反冲洗速度,该文以厚度为400 mm,粒径范围为1.0～1.18 mm的石英砂滤层为研究对象,基于颗粒流运动理论,采用Eulerian-Eulerian模型对滤层反冲洗过程砂粒的速度场进行3维动态模拟。为了验证模拟结果的准确性,作者开展了室内模型试验,并将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比,结果显示,滤层膨胀高度的最大模拟误差为9.8%,能够控制在10%以内,说明数值模拟结果是可信的。在此基础上,分析了反冲洗流化倍数为1.3、1.5、1.7和1.9时,滤层高度分别为15、25和35 cm 3个横截面上,在不同的反冲洗时间,砂粒的轴向速度沿横坐标的分布规律。根据砂粒在3个横截面上运动速度的大小和方向,判断砂滤层是否达到完全流化;根据砂粒在3个横截面上运动趋势是否一致,砂粒的上升区是否保持稳定,判断滤层流化状态是否稳定。结果显示,当反冲洗流化倍数不小于1.7时,滤层才能达到稳定的流化状态,从而达到比较理想的反冲洗效果,并得出滤层最佳反冲洗流化倍数为1.7。研究结论为砂过滤器的反冲洗研究提供了理论基础和技术支撑,为反冲洗性能参数的确定提供了参考。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（40673043 20576073） the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University from Ministry of Education of China（NCET-06-0088）
文摘The decomposition kinetics for formation of CO2 hydrates in 90 cm 3wet natural silica sands were studied systematically using the depressurization method at the temperatures ranging from 273.2 to 277.2 K and the pressures from 0.5 to 1.0 MPa.The effects of temperature,pressure,particle diameter,porosity,and salinity of formation water on the decomposition kinetics were investigated.The results show that the dissociation percentage increases as temperature increases or as the initial decomposition pressure decreases.An increase in porosity or a decrease in particle diameter of silica sands accelerates the decomposition.Increasing the salinity of the formation water gives rise to a faster decomposition.However,a combination of the present results with the observations in literature reveals that the effect of the coexisting ionic solute depends on its chemical structure.
