船山先生年谱卷上

五月清兵下金陵。至芜湖。明总兵田雄劫福王降。公闻变。续悲愤诗一百韵。闰六月。明礼部尚书黄道周等。奉唐王聿键立于福州。改七月朔、以后为隆武元年。明镇将张先壁驻攸县。郝永忠驻宁远。卢鼎驻衡州。刘承允驻武冈。从兵剽掠。相雠杀。秋公偕(?)斋公侍武夷公至耒阳。曹公国光招同陈公五鼎访杜少陵墓。有耒阳曹伯实翁丈、招同陈耳臣、广文访杜少陵故墓诗。曹伯实。名国光。耒阳人。贡生。陈耳臣。名五鼎。攸人。崇祯贡生。耒阳教论。有雨馀堂集。偕(?)斋公侍武夷公至兴与宁。游石角山。

船山先生年谱卷上

二月、明桂王至全州。清兵克湘阴长沙。明将卢鼎黄朝宣举兵相攻杀。三月、明溃兵自湘乡走邵阳新化。所在杀掠。夏四月、明桂王至武冈州。公与夏公汝弼由湘乡间道奔赴。淫雨弥月。困车架山不果往。有淫雨弥月、将同叔直取上湘间道赴行。在所不得。

The process and mechanisms of metamorphism and deformation of hornblende-An example from the Hengshan Mountains, Shanxi Province

Hornblende＇s plastic and superplastic deformation mechanisms were studied on the basis of some new information obtained from amphibolite samples in the Hengshan Mountains （Hengshan, Shanxi, China）.For this purpose, the samples were measured and analyzed by optical microscope （OM）, electron probe microanalysis （EPMA）, transmission electron microscope （TEM） and electron backscattered diffraction （EBSD） respectively.Because localized strong strain is more than 1000%, it is presumed that structural superplastic deformation was developed during the ductile shearing process.It is calculated that deformation occurred at 650-679℃ and 0.770-0.914 GPa, based on the study of plagioclase-hornblende geothermometry and geobarometry.TEM images show that new hornblende grains developed few dislocations and hornblende crystals exhibit straight grain boundaries.EBSD of strongly deformed hornblendes reveals a fabric dominated by a {100} lattice preferred orientation （LPO）, indicative of new grain recrystallization along the lineation direction （X axis）.Thus superplastic deformation of hornblendes from the Hengshan Mountains was developed by mainly solid-state diffusive mass transfer and grain boundary sliding.

Emplacement age and tectonic implications of the brecciated limestone at the edge of the Longmenshan klippe

The Longmenshan thrust belt(LMTB) is one of the best natural laboratories for thin-skinned tectonics and has developed a series of NE-SW trending fold-and-thrust structures represented by a series of nappes and klippes, exemplified by the Tangbazi and Bailuding klippe. However, the timing and emplacement mechanism of these klippes are still in dispute. Three possible mechanisms have been proposed:(1) a Mesozoic-Cenozoic southeastward thrusting,(2) a Cenozoic gravity gliding, and(3) glacial deposition. Almost all of these klippes are tectonic and overlaid on folded Late Triassic sandstone except the Tangbazi klippe, which is located in the center of the LMTB and has a narrow tail extending southeastward and covering Jurassic-Quaternary rocks. This geometric relationship is considered the most important stratigraphic evidence to support the post-Cenozoic emplacement of the Longmenshan klippe. Our structural and petrological observations show that the rocks at the front of the Tangbazi and Bailuding structures are brecciated limestone, which is assumed to have been generated by a gravitational collapse and is not characteristic of the massive Permian strata. Artemisia pollen, which has been exclusively recognized in post-Late Eocene strata in Central Asia, was found in the matrix of this brecciated limestone. Therefore, our discovery indicates that the brecciated limestone was deposited after the Late Eocene rather than during the Permian as annotated on the geological map. In contrast, unbrecciated, massive Permian limestone overlaid on the folded Late Triassic rocks. Hence, the anomalous relationship of Permian strata overlaying Late Triassic rocks cannot be evidence of Cenozoic emplacement. According to currently recognized bulk strata relationships, we can only be sure that the klippe was emplaced in the post Late Triassic. The petrological characteristics of the brecciated limestone show that it was crumbled before the re-sedimentation of the breccia, implying that the LMTB might have experienced a rapid uplift during the Late Eocene.

Microstructures and deformation mechanisms of hornblende in Guandi complex,the Western Hills,Beijing

Multiple methods were applied to study the deformation characteristics of hornblende in Archean plagioamphibolite mylonite from the Western Hills(Beijing),including optical microscopy(OM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA).The hornblendes are σ and δ type porphyroclasts with the new-born needle shaped grains as their tails.The analysis of lattice preferred orientation(LPO) of both the porphyroclasts and the new-born grains shows that the main slip system of the deformed hornblende is(100)<001>,suggesting that the fabric characteristics of new-born grains inherit that of porphyroclasts.Sub-microstructures show the porphyroclast core is dominated by dislocation tangle,little or no dislocations in the new-born grains,and the subgrains confined by dislocations in the transition zone between porphyroclasts and new-born grains.By using plagioclase-hornblende geothermometry and hornblende geobarometry,the estimated temperature and pressure of porphyroclasts are 675.3-702.9℃ and 0.29-0.41 GPa and those of new-born grains are 614.1-679.0℃ and 0.11-0.31 GPa.The bulging recrystallization is summarized as deformation mechanisms of hornblende by the discussions of the microstructures,EBSD fabric,sub-microstructures,and the deformed temperature and pressure.