排石防石操预防泌尿系结石术后复发临床研究

目的观察排石防石操预防泌尿系结石术后复发的临床疗效。方法将120例泌尿系结石术后患者按随机数字表法分入治疗组(n=60)、对照组(n=60)。对照组采用常规防石措施(调整饮食饮水、适量运动),治疗组在此基础上,加做排石防石操,共干预24 w,干预后随访96 w,记录两组干预前后中医证候积分变化,及随访期间结石复发率,比较两组临床疗效。结果共116例患者完成试验,干预后两组患者中医证候积分均改善,治疗组改善优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组有效率91.23%,明显优于对照组74.58%(P<0.05);随访期间,治疗组有2人复发,复发率3.51%,对照组有10人复发,复发率16.95%(P<0.05)。结论排石防石操能改善泌尿系结石术后患者中医证候积分,有效预防泌尿系结石术后复发。

溶石防石胶囊中枳壳的薄层鉴别

用薄层色谱法鉴别了溶石防石胶囊中的辛弗林和橙皮甙等成分，并对文献中辛弗林薄层鉴别条件进行了改进，取得了较好的分离效果。

排石防石颗粒治疗泌尿系结石30例

目的:探讨排石防石颗粒治疗泌尿系结石:泌尿系结石是临床常见病,多发病。方法:我科自2006年以来,采用自拟排石防石颗粒,治疗泌尿系结石30例。并随机设对照组30例,运用西药治疗,进行疗效观察。结果:治疗组明显优于对照组,两组总有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ=6.21,P<0.05)。结论:排石防石颗粒治疗泌尿系结石有一定效果。

电铲挖坑填石防陷操作原理及应用

4 m^(3)电铲在我国露天矿山生产建设中被广泛应用,但在新矿山的开拓和采场扩帮生产过程中,经常会遇到地质松软、渗水湿地或烂泥区段,几代电铲司机采取传统的双拱形路基防陷,但还是经常陷铲。挖坑填石防陷操作的4个步骤为挖坑、填石、铺垫、行走。经过矿山实践,该防陷方法使电铲在易陷区域作业时的陷铲概率极大降低,降低了司机的劳动强度,作业效率得到提高,值得推广应用。

泽泻排石防石颗粒的质量标准研究

目的建立泽泻排石防石颗粒的质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱法对成品中的广金钱草、桂枝2味中药进行鉴别,采用高效液相色谱法测定成品中的大车前苷的有效成分含量。结果各TLC色谱中,供试品与各自对照品及对照药材色谱相同的位置上显相同颜色的斑点,且阴性对照无干扰。HPLC法测定大车前苷在0.022-0.219 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 5）,平均加样回收率为100.23%,RSD=0.82%（n=6）。结论本方法具专属性,准确度、重复性好,适用于泽泻排石防石颗粒的质量控制。

溶液暴沸温度的计算

对溶液加热时,加入沸石可以防止溶液暴沸是化学实验中的常用方法.但是,沸石防暴沸的原理是什么？溶液暴沸时气泡承受的压力和与之呈平衡的温度各为多高？是学生经常提出的问题.笔者运用开尔文公式、拉普拉斯公式[1]和克拉贝龙-克劳修斯方程[2]计算说明.

黄河下游防洪工程备防石坍塌防治技术应用与效益分析

石料是黄河抗洪抢险与防洪工程建设的重要物资,黄河下游各个险工、控导、涵闸等工程险要地段,按要求储备一定数量的备防石。在备防石垛日常管理中,经常会发生封边开裂,石垛坍塌等现象,严重影响工程面貌。备防石垛裂缝、坍塌的主要原因是备防石垛由大粒径块石干砌、堆筑而成,块石之间没有必要的黏结,稳定性不足。通过力学分析计算建立备防石垛受力结构模型,计算可能发生结构破坏的不同工况,从备防石垛砌筑的各个阶段寻找防治石垛体裂缝、坍塌的原因及应对技术措施。通过采取地基加固,改变砌筑方法,垛体内加筋,加锚固点等技术方法,解决备防石垛的塌垛问题。

Properties of Compound Systems of Paraffin Wax Emulsion and Copper Azole and Treated Wood

[Objective]Preservation and waterproof treatment are two crucial parts in wood protection, which can not only extend the service time, but also expand the application range of wood products. [Method] This work combined CA with paraffin wax emulsion to treat wood samples, and basic properties of the compound system, such as stability （storage stability and centrifugal stability）, particle size and pH val-ue, and water repel ency （water absorption, shrinkage and swel ing） of treated sam-ples were investigated. [Result and Conclusion] 1） the compound systems of CA and paraffin latex had a favorable miscibility and stability; 2） compared with untreated wood, CA-treated samples showed poor water repel ing properties, whereas samples treated with the compound systems indicated an obvious reduction in water absorp-tion, and the shrinkage and swel ing of them were improved as wel .

Influence of Marine Oil Pollution and Countermeasures

In the article, status quo of oil pollution in China＇s offshore area was in- troduced, and the sources of oil pollution in the ocean were analyzed. Furthermore, the possible hazards of marine oil pollution were discussed and related countermea- sures were proposed, including implementation of laws and regulations, enhancing awareness of environment protection, improvement of pollution monitoring and early warning mechanism, physical treatment, chemical treatment and biological treatment. With economy development, the demand of oil is increasing accordingly. Hence, oil pollution has become an urgent issue to be solved for better exploration of oil and protection of marine environment.

化学实验中的暴沸与沸石

中学化学对液体加热的实验中常要用到沸石来防止暴沸,本文通过对暴沸分析、引导师生明确沸石防暴沸的原理,探究沸石在实验中的合理选择及使用条件,创新防暴沸的方法。在给液体加热的实验中我们通常会加几粒沸石或碎瓷片来防止液体的暴沸。什么叫暴沸?沸石为什么能防止暴沸?是不是液体加热都要用沸石?这是一个困扰学生而又常常被中学化学老师忽略的问题,下面笔者对此作一点小结与介绍。

CA-B /New-type Paraffin Emulsion Compound System: Study on the Mould Preservation Property of Treated Wood

[Objective] The aim was to develop the compound system of paraffin emulsion and CA based on natural surfactants to improve the properties of anti- mould and anti-blue stain. [Method] The paraffin wax emulsion with different con- centrations of 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% was added into CA （0.3% and 0.5%） to obtain six groups of compound systems. The full-cell process was applied to treat the sapwood of Pinus spp. at size of 50 mm （L）×20 mm （R）×5 mm （T）. Anti-mould and anti-blue stain tests were conducted using Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat., Spergi/lus niger V. Tiegh and Trichoderma viride Pers.ex Fr. according to the GB/T18261-200. [Result] Both paraffin wax emulsion and CA-B could prevent wood against mould and blue stain. However, within a certain range, anti-mould and anti-blue stain ef- fects of wood samples treated by the compound systems reduced slightly as the concentration of paraffin wax emulsion increased. [Conclusion] The research provides references for advancing use of wood biomass resources in a more efficient and more environment-friendly way.

Progress on the Causes and Current Status of Canine Urolithiasis

Canine urolithiasis is a common disease of the urinary system, referring to the hemorrhage, inflammation and stagnation of the urinary tract caused by the mineral congelation centered with the dediduous epithelial cel s and other foreign matters surrounded by the salt crystal ization from the urine when the in the case of mineral metabolism disorder of canine. ln this paper, the causes, classification, treatment and prevention of canine urolithiasis were reviewed.

Pediatric primary urolithiasis: Symptoms, medical management and prevention strategies

In the past few decades pediatric urolithiasis has become more frequent. The reason for this increase is not completely clear but has been attributed to changes in climate, nutritional habits and possibly other environ-mental factors. Although less frequent than adult stone disease, urolithiasis in the pediatric age group is also related to significant morbidity, particularly since stones tend to recur, and, thus, should not be underestimated. Most children with idiopathic stone disease have an underlying metabolic abnormality substantiating the importance of metabolic evaluation already following initial diagnosis of urolithiasis. Identification of the metabolic abnormality allows for more specifc prescription of non pharmacological and pharmacological interventions aimed at preventing recurrent stone formation. A better understanding of the causes of kidney stone disease will provide better strategies for stone prevention in children.

Effects of spillway types on debris flow trajectory and scour behind a sabo dam

Debris flows are one of the common natural hazards in mountainous areas.They often cause devastating damage to the lives and property of local people.The sabo dam construction along a debris flow valley is considered to be a useful method for hazard mitigation.Previous work has concentrated on the different types of sabo dams such as close-type sabo dam,open-type sabo dam.However,little attention has been paid to the spillway structure of sabo dam.In the paper,a new type of spillway structure with lateral contraction was proposed.Debris flow patterns under four different spillway structures were investigated.The projection theory was employed to predict trajectory of debris flow out from the spillway and to estimate the incident angle and terminal velocity before it plunged into the scour hole behind the sabo dam.The results indicated that the estimated data were in good agreement with the experimental ones.The discrepancy between the estimated and experimental values of main parameters remained below 21.82%(relative error).Additionally,the effects of debris flow scales under different spillway structures were considered to study the scour law.Although the debris flow pattern and scour law behind the sabo dam under different operating conditions was analyzed in this paper,further study on the scour mechanism andthe maximum scour depth estimation based on scour theory is still required in the future.

Effects of a flexible net barrier on the dynamic behaviours and interception of debris flows in mountainous areas

Flexible net barriers are a new type of effective mitigation measure against debris flows in valleys and can affect the kinematic energy and mass of debris flows. Here, ten flume tests were performed to study the dynamic behaviours of debris flows with differences in volumes, concentrations(solid volume fraction), and travel distances after interception by a uniform flexible net barrier. A high-speed camera was used to monitor the whole test process, and their dynamic behaviours were recorded. A preliminary computational framework on energy conversion is proposed according to the deposition mechanisms and outflow of debris flow under the effects of the flexible net barrier. The experimental results show that the dynamic interaction process between a debris flow and the flexible net barrier can be divided into two stages:(a) the two-phase impact of the leading edge of the debris flow with the net and(b) collision and friction between the body of the debris flow and intercepted debris material. The approach velocity of a debris flow decreases sharply(a maximum of 63%) after the interception by the net barrier, and the mass ratio of the debris material being intercepted and the kinetic energy ratio of the debris material being absorbed by the net barrier are close due to the limited interception efficiency of the flexible net barrier, which is believed to be related to the flexibility. The energy ratio of outflow is relative small despite the large permeability of the flexible net barrier.

A Preliminary Study on Control Efficiency of New Nicotine Biopesticides against Pomegranate Aphids

In this study, toxicity and control efficiency of three nicotine biopesticides against pomegranate aphids were determined via indoor toxicity test and field effica- cy test, aiming at screening the appropriate reagent for prevention and control of pomegranate aphids. The results of indoor toxicity test showed that LC^o of reagent 1, reagent 2 and reagent 3 reached 10 270, 12 810 and 13 040 mg/L, respectively. The results of field efficacy test showed that control efficacy of reagent 1, reagent 2 and reagent 3 reached 60.52%, 34.60% and 46.99%, respectively. Overall, reagent 1 （91% ultrafine powder of tobacco leaves, 3% silicone oil, 2% sasangua cake, 2% emulsifier, 2% ascorbic acid） exhibited the highest control efficiency against pomegranate aphids, which can be further popularized and utilized.

Characteristics of Large Low-frequency Debris Flow Hazards and Mitigation Strategies

A low-frequency debris flow took place in the north coastal range of Venezuela on Dec. 16, 1999, and scientists all over the world paid attention to this catastrophe. Four characteristics of low-frequency debris hazard are discussed: long return period and extreme catastrophe, special rare triggering factors, difficulty in distinguishing and a series of small hazards subsequent to the catastrophe. Different measures, such as preventing, forecast - warning, engineering, can be used for mitigating and controlling the catastrophe. In engineering practice, it is a key that large silt-trap dams are used to control rare large debris flow. A kind of low dam with cheap cost can be used to replace high dam in developing countries. A planning for controlling debris flow hazard in Cerro Grande stream of Venezuela is presented at the end of this paper.

Research on Prevention of Ship Collisions with Oil Rigs

The consequences of ship collisions with an oil rig, offshore installation or platform can be far more expensive in relation to safety, environment and costs of damage. The damage due to a single incident of an Oil Rig Collision can be catastrophic due to the number of people on board and the added risk of explosion. However, the existing rules and regulations of collisions prevention are insufficient. The purpose of this article is to critically evaluate the risk of ships collisions with offshore platforms and installations and therefore propose an international regulation for the preventions of this type of collisions.

Therapy and Prevention of Postoperative Urosepsis of Ureter Endoscopic Lithotripsy for "Non-infection"

Objective To analyze the risk factors causing postoperative urosepsis in ureter endoscopic lithotripsy without infection preoperatively,in order to make a more effective and safer preventive and therapeutic strategy.Methods From January 2010 to January 2015,5 ureteral calculus patients undergoing ureter endoscopic lithotripsy with holmium laser were retrospectively enrolled in this clinical study.These patients suffered urosepsis postoperatively confirmed by the clinical presentations and laboratory results,while they had no infection in their blood and urine preoperatively.Without delay,5 patients were treated by anti-inflammation and anti-shock.Results The vasopressor drug was stopped gradually after 12-36 hours.The body temperature was recovered to normal in 2 or 3 days,and the blood and urine test results were not abnormal in 7 days.At last,5patients were all cured.Conclusions Stone and operation themselves are potential factors to cause urosepsis after ureter endoscopic lithotripsy.Especially for patients who had not presented infection preoperatively,careful preparation preoperatively,corrective manipulation,low pressure irrigation,drainage and controlling time during operation,and early diagnosis,appropriate treatment postoperatively are the key to cure and prevent urosepsis.

Sticking of iron ore pellets in direct reduction with hydrogen and carbon monoxide:Behavior and prevention

A series of reduction experiments of iron ore pellets with hydrogen,carbon monoxide and their mixture were carried out in a laboratory scale shaft furnace.The sticking behavior accompanying reduction of iron ore pellets was investigated.And morphology of the sticking interface forming during reduction was analyzed by SEM equipped with EDS.In order to evaluate the effects of the temperature and gas composition on sticking properties,reduction of iron ore pellets were conducted at 800-1000 ℃.The results show that the sticking strength of the pellets increases with temperature,however,decreases with hydrogen content in reducing gas.For an efficient shaft furnace operation in direct reduction(DR),relative prevention of sticking such as coating of pellets was also developed to solve sticking problem.The results show that CaO is a suitable material for the coating method.